我国再生有色金属回收到用现状及问题——访中国有色金属工业协会再生金属分会会长王恭敏

废旧金属的回收利用及资源再生，是发展循环经济的重要内容。国家发改委已将废旧金属的再生与利用作为国民经济发展中的一个独立产业，并制定了《中国再生金属产业“十一五”及中长期发展规划》，对再生金属的产业发展加以引导和扶持。自2004年以来，国家不仅对再生金属行业的重点领域和重点项目给予政策和资金支持，还将一批具有一定规模的再生金属企业列入发展循环经济的试点企业。     

浅谈如何另辟蹊径解决再生金属企业“融资难”问题

介绍了我国再生金属企业融资难的现状,提出融资成本过高、融资手续复杂、融资条件不足是再生金属企业贷款难的主要原因,重点分析了企业融资风险产生的原因,同时,强调建立产业间的互助基金,既可以满足产业资金需求,有效解决产业发展中"融资难"的问题,还可以拓宽投资渠道,从资本方面推动再生金属产业健康发展。     

原生、再生有色金属利用程度的比较研究

以1953-2005年期间我国10种有色金属产量的统计数据为基础,以原生、再生有色金属资源对形成有色金属产量各自所做贡献为依据,对原生、再生资源被利用程度进行比较研究,试图从重原生轻再生的原料结构比例失衡中给人以醒悟,从而提升对再生金属在战略资源中地位的认识.从循环经济的实质出发,提出了循环经济有可能成为再生金属资源产业发展的内在动力.     

城市化中大沥再生金属行业的“收放”决择

在城市升级大潮下,作为广佛同城化核心区的大沥镇再生金属行业发展处于"收放二难"境地:限制该行业发展势必动摇大沥有色金属产业链、影响村组收入和第三产业发展;相反,若是放任该行业发展,则会造成城市升级困难、土地空间固化,社会环境恶化、行业恶性竞争,最终发展也是陷入死胡同。因此,不能搞一刀切,现实的选择是在兼顾产业转型和城市升级原则下有条件发展、有管制提升、有目的转型。     

关于“十二五”再生有色金属产业发展建议

面对日趋强化的资源环境约束,再生有色金属产业进入节能减排、淘汰落后、产业升级的重要历史阶段。在总结我国再生有色金属产业近年来的发展状况及存在的主要问题的基础上,对"十二五"期间如何加快发展再生有色金属产业,实现产业经济的可持续发展提出具体建议。     

京津冀协同视角下再生资源产业链构建研究

以京津冀地区为例,根据再生资源产业链的构建原则从资源消耗、产业规模和创新能力3个层面构建评价体系并运用区位熵法确定区域内关键产业,按照"构建跨区域产业链主链—产业链补链—产业链耦合"的思路,构建了京津冀区域钢铁、生物医药、石油化工和煤炭固废综合利用产业链达到了纵向角度系统性对再生资源产业链运行分析的目的,以期促进京津冀再生资源产业协同发展。     

政府管理部门与废旧电器回收再生利用产业链主体多阶段博弈分析

生态化实施废旧电器回收再生利用产业链运行关系国家资源安全和生态环境效益,政府对废旧电器回收再生利用闭环产业链运行的监管过程是多阶段、多主体、多因素、多层次的博弈过程。从废旧电器回收再生利用闭环产业链各主体之间、政府与各主体之间利益关系分析入手,基于马尔可夫过程揭示各类主体的群体行为特征;在分析政府管理部门与闭环产业链主体策略与收益的基础上,构建博弈双方收益矩阵,开展政府管理部门与闭环产业链主体博弈策略分析,提出构建共享信息平台、培养积极向上的价值观、发挥社会道德规范的有效制约作用,以规范主体市场行为为切入点,促进废旧电器回收再生利用产业发展的有效策略。     

重庆双桥经开区打造500亿级循环经济产业园

一是打造产值100亿元的电镀产业链。主要为千年龙水五金制品和IT产业提供配套产品,目前,投资2亿元的重庆智伦电镀有限公司已成功入驻,预计2012年底建成投产。二是打造产值150亿元的再生铅产业链。凭借中国铅行业龙头企业春兴集团和意大利梅洛尼集团的雄厚产能基础,大力引进与之配套的下游企业。目前,美国艾诺斯集团、新加坡一电等世界排名前列的高性能免维护蓄电池企业正准备落户。三是打造产值100亿元的再生钢产业链。投资20亿元的足航金属300万t再生钢、投资10亿元的聚航金属50条钢结构生产线等再生钢项目已成功入驻并投产。四是由市再生资源集团投资打造产值150亿元的再生资源产业园。该园主要依托“渝新欧大通道”回收欧洲废旧物资及其他产品,现已与日本同和、富士康等企业达成合作协议。     

《再生铅行业准入条件》发布

2012年第38号为推进再生铅行业规范、健康发展,提高资源综合利用率和节能环保水平,促进产业优化升级,工业和信息化部、环境保护部联合制定了《再生铅行业准入条件》,现予公告。附件:再生铅行业准入条件工业和信息化部环境保护部2012年8月27日再生铅行业准入条件为规范、引导再生铅行业健康发展,根据国家有关法律法规、产业政策及《重金属污染综合防治"十二五"规划》、《再生有色金属产业发展推进计划》(工信部联节〔2011〕51号)等     

我国再生铝产业政策分析及前景展望

再生铝产业是典型的循环经济产业,随着资源约束趋紧和供给侧结构性改革稳步推进,发展再生铝产业符合产业转型升级方向。在分析我国再生铝产业发展状况的基础上,重点研究再生铝产业在创新支持、循环发展、产能调整、环境保护、废物进口和统计分类方面的政策,指出现阶段再生铝产业发展面临的机遇与挑战,并对再生铝产业的发展前景进行展望。     

区域特性分析在广东烟气脱硫工艺优选中的应用

电厂优选烟气脱硫工艺时必须进行切合实际的区域特性分析。石灰石—石膏湿法烟气脱硫工艺成熟、稳定、高效，且具有适应广东区域特点的诸多优势，故存在着广阔的发展前景。     

Assessment of the leaching of metallic elements in the technology of solidification in aqueous solution

Results are presented of experiments performed to optimize the solidification/stabilization system for metallic elements in aqueous solution. This system involves mixing cement and a solution of metallic elements in a conventional mixer: the paste thus obtained is transferred drop by drop into a recipient filled with an aqueous solution of NaOH at 20% by weight, in which it solidifies immediately. The separate use of chloride solutions of Li+, Cr3+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ makes it possible to obtain granules displaying various levels of compressive strength. Three different inertization matrices were used in the experiments, the first consisting solely of Portland cement, the second of Portland cement and a superplasticizer additive, and the third of Portland cement partially replaced with silica-fume and superplasticizer. The results of the tests performed showed a very low level of leaching into the alkaline solidification solution for Cr3+, the quantity leached being under 2% as against higher levels for the other metallic elements. For all the considered elements, the best results were obtained by using silica-fume in the inertization matrix.     

日本包装废物管理体系和产生特性分析

介绍了日本的资源循环法律体系和促进容器包装分类回收和再商品化的法律和有关方针，介绍了日本容器和包装的管理体制和主要措施，以及各类包装废物回收利用状况和特点。     

A Review of the Fate and Effects of Silicones in the Environment

Silicones are well-known useful materials varying in structure, reactivity, and chemical and physical properties, but they all contain a covalent bond between the silicon atom and an organic group. Most common of these polymers are those based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) having a siloxane (Si–O–Si) repeat unit and two methyl groups on each silicon atom. All these polymers are manmade, and the organosilicon linkage is not found in nature. It was therefore erroneously assumed that these polymers do not degrade naturally in the environment. It is the purpose of this review to refute this myth and to describe the degradation processes of PDMS in the environment and any potential ecological impact on the terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric compartments. Although it was found that minor degradation takes place by hydrolysis of PDMS to dimethylsilandiol followed by oxidation of the methyl group to aldehyde and ultimately to CO₂ by Arthobacter and Fusarium oxysporium schlechtendahl, the major degradation processes are abiotic. High molecular weight PDMS are initially depolymerized by soil hydrolysis of the siloxane bonds to yield organosilanol terminated oligomers. These organosilanols and low molecular weight linear PDMS and cyclics are evaporated into the atmosphere and are oxidized there by hydroxyl radicals to benign silica, water, and CO₂.     

Adapting the Speciation of the VOCs Emission Inventory in the Greater Athens Area

An adaptation procedure of a new emission inventory of theGreater Athens Area is attempted, based on a sensitivityanalysis on the treatment of the VOC emissions. Throughthis procedure the impact that a more detailed treatment ofthe VOCs emissions might have on the atmospheric chemistrysimulations, is examined. For this analysis three differentchemical mechanisms were applied for two differentlocations (urban and city plume) with different VOC andNO_x mixture characteristics. Finally, this studyrecommends new carbon fractions, reflecting the localconditions in Athens basin.     

Microbial dynamics in the process of restoration of groundwater contaminated by chlorinated ethene in the presence of Escherichia coli

This study investigated the effects of hygiene indicator bacteria during the biostimulation of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated ethene. We showed the state of dechlorination activity and behavior of microbial structure by the addition of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as hygiene indicator bacteria in a contaminated groundwater sample. Dechlorination of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) within 14 days took place similarly both with and without the addition of E. coli. This indicated that inhibition of against dechlorinating activity of corresponding dechlorinating bacteria was not caused by E. coli. Structural change of the bacterial community was analyzed both before and after dechlorination using a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone library. The result of DGGE detected E. coli only at day 0. A sample at day 14 after dechlorination detected Pseudomonas putida, Anaerosinus glycerini, and Clostridium genus but not E. coli. The result of the clone library also showed an identical profile. Detection of E. coli using desoxycholate media was decreased from 2.3 × 10⁶ cells/ml to 6.0 × 10³ cells/ml during day 14. These results suggest that biostimulation of groundwater contaminated by chlorinated ethene in the presence of hygiene bacteria caused the dechlorination without activity inhibition and decrease of dechlorinating bacteria.     

Lead Speciation in the Sediments of the Heavily Polluted Western Harbor of Alexandria

The Western Harbor (WH) became under stress in the past decades, following successive increase in population. This study deals with local distribution of total lead and its species in the WH sediments. The lead content was high and there was a relationship between its enrichment and oil dispersed from ships. The lowest total lead value was found in the harbor middle far from direct effects of pollution. A five-step sequential extraction scheme was applied to illustrate the contribution shared by each individual fraction in the total lead concentration in the WH sediments. The exchangeable fraction (F1) was very low. The bound to carbonate fraction (F2), the bound to iron-manganese oxide fraction (F3) and the bound to organic matter—sulfide fraction (F4) ranked fourth, second and third in abundance. Oxygen was the main factor controlling the value of F2. F3 gave a direct relationship with total lead. The high levels of F4 occurred at locations of low salinity and enriched with organic matter. The residual fraction (F5) dominated other lead species, reflecting the sediment composition and the amounts of discharged pollutants.     

Thickness of the buffer layer in the 'reaction front' model of solid-state digestion

Conventional models of anaerobic digestion assume dispersed reaction, in the aqueous phase and at solid-liquid interfaces. However, a second, localized mechanism might operate in a bed of nutrient-rich wastes, such as occurs in many landfills and some waste digesters. A 'reaction front' (comprising two distinct reaction zones separated by a buffer zone) might develop around 'seed bodies' (local concentrations of methanogenic inoculum) then propagate through the waste. The initial conditions, notably the mode of seeding, would determine whether which mechanism is dominant. This paper presents a method of predicting the thickness of such a front and indicates a thickness of the order of 3.5 cm. This would suggest that the seed material must be present in the form of 'seed bodies' of over 7 cm diameter or layers over 7 cm thick. The probability of the formation of a reaction front is discussed, as are the implications for operational practice.