燃煤电厂灰渣综合利用现状及“八五”规划设想

开展灰渣综合利用,变废为宝,是我国经济建设中一项重大的技术经济政策,是解决我国电力生产、环境污染和资源缺乏三大矛盾的重要手段,同时也是电力生产面临的迫切任务之一。我国是一个产煤大国,以煤炭为电力生产基本燃料的国策长期不会改变。燃煤电厂每年排放的数千万吨灰渣给经济建设和生态环境造成巨大压力。例如,火电厂每发1亿千瓦小时电将产生灰渣1.2—1.7万吨,为此用于灰渣的处置、管理和运行费就达34万元,并     

“水电部电力系统环境保护数据管理系统”通过技术鉴定

水电部环境保护办公室于4月14月至15日在北京热电总厂召开了“水电部电力系统环境保护数据管理系统”技术鉴定会。该管理系统主要由水电部电力环保所负责研制,主要应用于电力环境管理部门,也可为电力科研、规划部门提供基础性数据。系统指标解释体系达到标准化、规范化,形成了联系紧密、相关性强的数据系统。软件总体设计较为先进,首次在环境保护系统中     

燃煤电厂环境对策及技术

一、前言 1973年,石油危机引起能源形势变化,在此背景下,为适应燃料多样化的需要,中部电力公司也不断谋求以原子能和液化气为主的火电建设。这次建设碧南火电     

浅议我国天然气分布式能源的发展趋势

以天然气为燃料的分布式能源具有污染低、效率高等特点，是缓解当前能源和环保危机，实现可持续发展战略的有效途径，引起了世界能源界的广泛关注。简要叙述了我国和世界分布式能源的发展状况、现阶段存在的问题和发展趋势，对于天然气分布式能源发展具有一定的启发。     

烟气生物脱硫技术的应用

介绍了宜兴协联热电有限公司2×125 MW热电机组采用的烟气生物脱硫工艺,着重阐述了洗涤塔、厌氧反应器、好氧反应器等核心设备的工作原理,并做了简单的技术经济分析,为相似装置的设计提供参考.     

热电联产发展中存在的环保问题及对策

结合我国热电联产项目发展现状,对其存在的主要问题进行了系统分析,从优化布局、清洁生产、节能降耗、推广热电冷联供、强化运行和管理等方面,提出了促进热电联产项目健康发展的对策建议.     

山西火电厂燃料车间煤尘污染状况与治理

我省直属电厂有十四个,均以煤为燃料,其中除阳泉、恒山、长治等厂为链条炉外,其作均属煤粉炉,输煤系统大致相仿。煤尘源主要在碎煤机、皮带机转接处、卸煤装置及煤场等处。碎煤机运行时多为正压,     

节能与环保专栏 案例1 变频调速装置在风机、水泵中的应用

案例研究目的通过对实际项目的研究 ,着重从理论和应用、市场潜力及经济效益等方面分析采用变频调速装置控制风机、水泵的可行性和必要性。案例分析概述丽都动力中心成立于 1986年 ,在满足给丽都酒店供能的同时 ,还为附近其他几家单位供能。该中心的锅炉系统有 3台 2 0ｔ/ｈ蒸汽锅炉 ,其辅机系统包括 :3台 75ｋＷ引风机、3台 55ｋＷ鼓风机、1台 2 2 .5ｋＷ给水泵、1台 7.5ｋＷ冷凝水泵及 1台 2 2ｋＷ冲渣泵等共 9台 ,总功率为 4 4 2ｋＷ。由于季节、气候等因素的影响 ,要求锅炉系统提供变化的蒸汽量 ,因此其辅机系统也要提供与之匹配、变化…     

超临界水热分解煤制H2和CH4

资源环境对策,2000,36(10):51 日本工技院资源综合利用研究所和煤炭利用综合中心共同开发成功用超临界水热分解煤等有机物制造80%H2和20%CH4气体的新技术.每克煤可生成2～3 L气体,煤中碳或氢几乎可全部按理论量进行反应,生成的气体中不含硫化物.同时氢气生成时能和副反应生成的CO2分离,使H2能高质量浓缩,用作燃料.新工艺产生的氯化物、氮化物、硫化物等都能以无害化形式被分离. 该技术除煤以外,还可用于分解其他有机物(碳源),如生活垃圾、家畜粪尿、动植物残体、废纸、废木材、废塑料等,生成H2和CH4,用作燃料.     

智能电网与环境安全关系综述

智能电网技术可以将各种分布式再生能源迅速接入电网,对环境安全具有重要的促进作用。介绍了智能电网的发展现状及关键技术,从能源防御体系、土地利用和电力生产等方面对智能电网与环境安全之间的关系进行了分析。智能电网技术的兴起与发展可以真正做到减少碳的排放量,提高用电系统的抗击灾害能力,同时也可以有效的保护环境、集约利用土地。智能电网技术是将来电力环境安全体系中重要的组成环节。     

Waste to energy: a decision-making process for technology selection through characterization of waste,considering energy and emission in the city of Ahmedabad,India

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal has become major issue for the city of Ahmedabad, India. Development, concentrated population and economic...     

A technical, economic, and environmental analysis of energy production from newspaper in Ireland

The production of newspaper corresponds to 37 kg per person per annum in Ireland. Newspaper becomes a waste product in a short period of time; only 13% of domestic waste paper is recycled (data on newspaper is not available). Four scenarios, which generate energy from newspaper, are analysed. These scenarios may be summarised as follows: lignocellulosic biomass conversion to ethanol (transport fuel); co-digestion with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and production of CH4-enriched biogas (transport fuel); co-firing with the residue of municipal solid waste in an incinerator; and gasification of newspaper as a sole fuel. Two of the scenarios involve transport fuel production; two involve the production of electricity and heat. Two of the scenarios involve newspaper as the sole ingredient; two involve co- utilisation of newspaper with another waste stream. Assuming no economic market for heat, then only the transport scenarios have the potential to be economic; indeed the biogas scenario is shown to be extremely competitive generating a potential profit of euro 227/t newspaper. A greenhouse-gas analysis indicates that the biogas scenario generated the best net greenhouse-gas savings. However when a market for heat is available, gasification was shown to be most advantageous.     

Long-term affected energy production of waste to energy technologies identified by use of energy system analysis

Affected energy production is often decisive for the outcome of consequential life-cycle assessments when comparing the potential environmental impact of products or services. Affected energy production is however difficult to determine. In this article the future long-term affected energy production is identified by use of energy system analysis. The focus is on different uses of waste for energy production. The Waste-to-Energy technologies analysed include co-combustion of coal and waste, anaerobic digestion and thermal gasification. The analysis is based on optimization of both investments and production of electricity, district heating and bio-fuel in a future possible energy system in 2025 in the countries of the Northern European electricity market (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Germany). Scenarios with different CO₂ quota costs are analysed. It is demonstrated that the waste incineration continues to treat the largest amount of waste. Investments in new waste incineration capacity may, however, be superseded by investments in new Waste-to-Energy technologies, particularly those utilising sorted fractions such as organic waste and refuse derived fuel. The changed use of waste proves to always affect a combination of technologies. What is affected varies among the different Waste-to-Energy technologies and is furthermore dependent on the CO₂ quota costs and on the geographical scope. The necessity for investments in flexibility measures varies with the different technologies such as storage of heat and waste as well as expansion of district heating networks. Finally, inflexible technologies such as nuclear power plants are shown to be affected.     

Modeling the energy content of combustible ship-scrapping waste at Alang-Sosiya, India, using multiple regression analysis

Alang-Sosiya is the largest ship-scrapping yard in the world, established in 1982. Every year an average of 171 ships having a mean weight of 2.10 x 10(6)(+/-7.82 x 10(5)) of light dead weight tonnage (LDT) being scrapped. Apart from scrapped metals, this yard generates a massive amount of combustible solid waste in the form of waste wood, plastic, insulation material, paper, glass wool, thermocol pieces (polyurethane foam material), sponge, oiled rope, cotton waste, rubber, etc. In this study multiple regression analysis was used to develop predictive models for energy content of combustible ship-scrapping solid wastes. The scope of work comprised qualitative and quantitative estimation of solid waste samples and performing a sequential selection procedure for isolating variables. Three regression models were developed to correlate the energy content (net calorific values (LHV)) with variables derived from material composition, proximate and ultimate analyses. The performance of these models for this particular waste complies well with the equations developed by other researchers (Dulong, Steuer, Scheurer-Kestner and Bento's) for estimating energy content of municipal solid waste.     

The waste reduction (WAR) algorithm: environmental impacts, energy consumption, and engineering economics

A general theory known as the waste reduction (WAR) algorithm has been developed to describe the flow and the generation of potential environmental impact through a chemical process. The theory defines indexes that characterize the generation and the output of potential environmental impact from a process. The existing theory has been extended to include the potential environmental impact of the energy consumed in a chemical process. Energy will have both an environmental impact as well as an economic impact on process design and analysis. Including energy into the analysis of environmental impact is done by re-writing the system boundaries to include the power plant which supplies the energy being consumed by the process and incorporating the environmental effects of the power plant into the analysis. The effect of this addition on the original potential impact indexes will be discussed. An extensive engineering economic evaluation has been included in the process analysis which inherently contains the cost of the consumed energy as an operating cost. A case study is presented which includes a base process design and two modifications to the base design. Each design is analyzed from an economic perspective and an environmental impact perspective. The environmental impact analysis is partitioned into the impacts of the non-product streams and the impacts of the energy generation/consumption process. The comparisons of these analysis procedures illustrate the consequences for decision making in the design of environmentally friendly processes.     

Balancing the energy demand by a resource circulation project in Daejeon,Korea

Demand for sustainable renewable energy is on an increase worldwide, whereas the supply is limited. This paper analyses the feasibility of generating electricity and supplying the surplus steam to Daeduk Industrial Complex, by incinerating the combustible municipal waste generated in Daejeon Metropolitan City. The economic feasibility of surplus biogas generated from the anaerobic digestion of food waste and food waste leachate has been analysed. This study estimated resource circulation facility to supply 23,200 m³/day of biogas generated to Daejeon Combined Heat and Power plant. By 2023, it is expected to supply 25.7 tons of steam per hour all year round. The additional steam demand in Daeduk Industrial Complex is estimated as 101,537 tons/year. Surplus biogas will be supplied through an additional 960-m new installation. The cost of biogas is estimated at 30% of the unit biogas production cost. Daejeon Combined Heat and Power plant expects to make 60% additional profit, and Daeduk Industrial Complex and the communities nearby expect to achieve 10% cost savings. It also reduces the dependence of energy on fossil fuels, contributes to national environmental energy policy in reduction in greenhouse gases, creates competitiveness in local business and reduces corporate tax and generates revenue.     

推动节能减排发展循环经济——以上海市长宁区为例

为适应经济社会全面、协调、可持续发展的要求,以上海市长宁区推动节能减排、发展循环经济的做法为例,分析其存在的具体问题,提出关于第三产业发展循环经济、建设生态型产业园区等方面的建议.     

建设循环经济运行体系 实现节能减排增效

全面介绍了山东莱芜钢铁集团有限公司按照落实科学发展观、走新型工业化道路的要求,以冶金工业生态学和流程优化理论为指导,以减量化、再利用和资源化为基本原则,以节能、减排、增效为目标,建立和实施循环经济管理体系、技术支撑体系、产业链体系以及信息反馈体系为核心的多维一体循环经济运行体系,以此推动企业发展循环经济,初步实现了钢铁企业"生态化"转型。     

Optimising energy recovery and use of chemicals,resources and materials in modern waste-to-energy plants

Due to ongoing developments in the EU waste policy, Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants are to be optimized beyond current acceptance levels. In this paper, a non-exhaustive overview of advanced technical improvements is presented and illustrated with facts and figures from state-of-the-art combustion plants for municipal solid waste (MSW). Some of the data included originate from regular WtE plant operation – before and after optimisation – as well as from defined plant-scale research. Aspects of energy efficiency and (re-)use of chemicals, resources and materials are discussed and support, in light of best available techniques (BAT), the idea that WtE plant performance still can be improved significantly, without direct need for expensive techniques, tools or re-design. In first instance, diagnostic skills and a thorough understanding of processes and operations allow for reclaiming the silent optimisation potential.