城市富营养化水体底泥净化磷效果

以城市富营养化水体底泥和上覆水为材料,研究了扰动状态下底泥对外源磷的净化效果。结果表明,扰动状态下,200 g湿底泥从上覆水中共吸收外源磷19.92 mg,而静止状态下,200 g湿底泥仅吸收了13.61 mg。然而,厌氧状态下,前者内源磷释放量仅占吸收磷量的43%,而后者则高达63.4%。说明底泥扰动不仅强化了底泥对外源磷的吸收,而且也强化了内源磷的固定能力。这与扰动状态下外源磷在不同形态磷间的数量分布有关。底泥扰动和静止状态下,难释放态磷(HCl-P、闭蓄态Fe/Al-P)的增加量分别占底泥吸收外源磷量的36%和21%。     

底泥磷形态及分布特征对水体富营养化的影响

富营养化是当今中国浅水湖泊面临的重大污染问题。结合国内外的报道,通过大量湖泊水库的实地调查,对各种磷形态的性质和分布特征及转移规律作了深入研究,介绍了水体底泥中磷的物理化学性质、磷的存在形式与转化、磷的分布特征、磷在不同粒径底泥下的含量及转移趋势,为探明水体富营养化提供科学而有力的依据。最后指出了其对湖泊富营养化的影响,并对控制湖泊富营养化提出了见解。     

连云港港口海域水体富营养化情况分析

利用多年来的常规监测数据，结合连云港港口经济发展情况，分析港口水质有机污染、富营养化的程度同港口经济活动的关系，通过研究分析表明：港口近年有机污染有所加重，富营养化特征显著。富营养化程度与海产养殖相关，表明海产养殖是影响港口环境质量的主要因素。     

乌梁素海水体富营养化原位生态修复实验及效果分析

为探讨原位生态修复技术对乌梁素海水体富营养化的治理效果,在乌梁素海农田排水入湖口作业区用双层防水围隔建立了实验示范区,测定了水体中氮磷质量浓度和底泥中氮磷质量分数;在室内进行模拟实验,研究了溶解氧(DO)和pH值变化下柱状底泥营养盐的静态释放规律。室外实验结果表明：示范区水体中总氮(TN) 和总磷(TP)质量浓度显著低于对照区(P<0.001),削减率分别为66%和68%,水体平均TN质量浓度为0.99 mg·L⁻¹,TP质量浓度为0.11 mg·L⁻¹;就水质年度变化而言,5月份水体TN和TP质量浓度相对较高,随着水生植物生长,其质量浓度显著降低,11月达到最低值,翌年1月,其值有所回升;实验示范区底泥中的平均TN和TP质量分数分别为1.43 g·kg⁻¹和0.43 g·kg⁻¹,显著低于对照区的数值(P<0.01),削减率分别为16% 和28%。室内模拟实验结果表明：当DO质量浓度低于2.0 mg·L⁻¹时,底泥中磷的释放速度较快;当DO质量浓度高于2.0 mg·L⁻¹时,随着pH值的增加,底泥中磷的释放速率显著增加(P<0.01);在厌氧状态下,pH值对底泥氮释放影响较小;在好氧和缺氧状态下,底泥中氮的释放速率显著增加后又下降;DO和pH值对底泥氮磷释放有很强的协同作用。综上所述,原位生态修复技术可显著降低水体和底泥中氮磷营养盐质量浓度,达到净化水质,减缓内源污染的目的,有望成为治理乌梁素海富营养化的一种有效措施。     

温州市鳌江水系叶绿素a和氮、磷的分布特征与富营养化研究

为探究温州市鳌江水系氮、磷污染特征,选取17个采样断面,于2022年1月、2022年6月进行两次水样采集,并据此对水体理化指标、氮磷浓度与叶绿素a(Chl-a)的时空分布特征进行研究,利用灰色关联度分析方法判别理化指标、氮磷营养盐与Chl-a的相关性。同时运用氮磷比判定鳌江水系的营养限制因子,并初步判定鳌江水系的富营养化程度。结果表明：Chl-a、氮磷营养盐浓度存在时空差异;根据灰色关联度判定总氮、溶解性无机氮、氨氮是鳌江水系枯水期Chl-a的主要影响因子,氨氮、溶解性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐是丰水期Chl-a的主要影响因子;鳌江水系在丰水期主要表现为磷限制状态,枯水期主要表现为氮、磷共同限制状态;鳌江水系富营养化评价结果显示丰水期富营养化较严重,下游河段较上游河段严重。     

富营养化水体清淤后的微生物脱氮技术应用

景观水体清淤带来的主要负面影响是水体富营养化。为了探索清淤及微生物修复的组合应用,通过在实验室建立模型,分别研究了清淤、微生物修复及二者结合处理对富营养化水体水质的影响。结果表明,清淤能降低氨氮的释放。底泥微生物的活动会促进氨氮的释放,增加水体的富营养化风险。单纯清淤会使底泥的硝化作用增强,但同时使反硝化作用减弱,降低水体总氮的去除能力。因此,通过投加氮循环微生物可促进清淤后的反硝化作用,消减湖泊底泥及上覆水中的氮素含量,达到修复富营养化湖泊的目的。研究结果表明,清淤和微生物修复技术结合使用,可减少水体氮素积累,避免蓝藻爆发,是富营养化水体清淤防控的一种有效措施。     

太湖梅梁湾富营养化相关问题探讨

太湖水体富营养化问题已严重威胁着太湖流域社会经济发展,特别是梅梁湾湖区尤为严重。以实测资料为基础,分析了太湖富营养化的环境影响因子,得出以下结论：磷为梅梁湾湖区主要的限制性因子;光照、水温为该区富营养化重要影响因素,但不是主要的限制性因子。CODMa与富营养化关系密切,但需进一步探讨其影响实质。     

青山水库底泥磷释放与库区水体磷浓度的关系

通过对青山水库底泥磷释放特性的实验结果分析,对照库区水体浓度监测的数据,确定了库区各测点底磷释放量与水体浓度之间的关系,进而为库区环境总量控制与各支流的分配计算提供了依据。同时也为防止水库的进一步富营养化,进而改善水质提供了新的思路。     

塔山水库富营养化的成因与控制

塔山水库富营养化污染主要是由无序的网箱养鱼造成的,采取生物防治技术取得了较好的治理效果.经治理后,库区水质良好,达到水域功能.     

城市湿地景观水体富营养化评价、机理及治理

针对再生水回用的景观水体容易发生富营养化的问题,分别以再生水和径流雨水为主要补水水源的某城市湿地不同区域景观水体为研究对象,通过水体TN、TP、COD、SS、Chla、DO等水质指标检测分析,研究了污染物的空间变化和季节变化规律,评价了湿地水体富营养化程度并探讨其机理。结果表明,以再生水为主要补水水源的湿地水体全部呈现中度富营养,而以径流雨水为主要补水水源的湿地水体则整体呈现中营养。湿地生态系统对再生水输入的高浓度氮磷污染物有一定的净化效果,但净化效率有限且受季节因素影响明显,藻类的季节性增殖引起水体中TN、TP浓度降低、SS降低、透明度下降和COD浓度升高,高浓度氮磷营养盐输入是湿地水体藻类增殖并呈现富营养化的主要原因。提出了再生水补水的水质和水量控制、景观水体健康生态系统的构建和水体长期的维护管理是综合治理水体富营养化的有效对策。     

Influence of eutrophication on the coagulation efficiency in reservoir water

Water from the three reservoirs, Min-ter, Li-yu-ten and Yun-ho-shen, was examined for concentration of chlorophyll a, ultraviolet absorption (UV(254)), fluorescence intensity (FI), concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and fractionation of dissolved molecules by molecular weight. The water samples were collected over the change from spring to summer (May to July but before the typhoon season) when the water temperature and extent of eutrophication increase. Analytical results indicate that the concentration of DOC is proportional to the concentration of chlorophyll a, but not to the values of UV(254) and FI. Therefore, eutrophication, extraneous contaminants of small molecules, and the extracellular products of algae cause an increase in DOC, but a decrease in the proportion of large organic molecules such as of humic substances. The fraction of DOC with a molecular weight of less than 5000 Da increases with the concentration of chlorophyll a. All these data suggest that changes in the quality of water after eutrophication make the treatment of drinking water more difficult. The method of enhanced coagulation was recently developed for removing DOC. However, the results of this paper demonstrate that the efficiency of DOC removal falls as the degree of eutrophication increases. When the percentage of DOC with small molecules excreted by algae increased by 1%, the efficiency of DOC removal decreased by approximately 1%, implying that enhanced coagulation are not able to remove the DOC excreted by the algae during eutrophication, and resulting an increased concentration of trihalomethanes formation in water disinfections process.     

北京红领巾湖的富营养化状态与水质分析

红领巾湖位于北京朝阳门外,以再生水为补给水源,在调节湖区小气候、改善周围生态环境、提供居民休闲等方面具有重要功能.2008年3～10月的浮游藻类和理化指标监测结果显示,该湖为重富营养型水体,浮游藻类平均细胞密度为24.73×106个/L,叶绿素a平均质量浓度为84.67μg/L;优势种群是微囊藻(Microcystis...     

里杜湖富营养化综合评价及预测

根据里杜湖水库的水质监测及水文资料,选择评分法结合生物优势种评价法以及“源－效应”预测模型对里杜湖水库水质的营养状态进行综合评价及预测。结果表明：里杜湖水库水质已轻度富营养化,并有逐年加重的趋势。旨在正确评价和预测里杜湖水库营养状态,并为同类水库的营养状态评价及预测提供参考和借鉴,从而为水库水质管理及富营养化的控制提供科学依据。     

Modeling the Baltic Sea eutrophication in a decision support system

SANBALTS (Simple As Necessary Baltic Long-Term Large-Scale) is a model of the coupled nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. This model has been developed as an integral part of the decision support system Marine Research on Eutrophication's Nest with the overall aim to evaluate management options for reducing Baltic Sea eutrophication. Simulated nutrient and oxygen concentrations as well as transport flows and major biogeochemical fluxes can be analyzed in many different ways, including construction of detailed nutrient budgets and tracing the fate of nutrient inputs. The large amounts of data that exist for this sea makes it possible to validate model results with observations. Major biogeochemical properties of the Baltic Sea are discussed through an analyses of model sensitivity to external forcing and internal parameterizations. Model results emphasize two features that are especially important for ecosystem management: i) impacts of local measures would always be modified by the long-range transports from other regions and ii) the response to significant changes in loads would only be seen after several decades.     

Legal prerequisites for ecosystem-based management in the Baltic Sea area: The example of eutrophication

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of law in the management of the Baltic Sea, with focus on eutrophication. It aims to identify legal instruments or structures realizing an ecosystem approach. This also includes a discussion of the prerequisites of law as contributor to ecosystem-based management (EBM), as well as evaluation of current legal instruments. While ecosystem approach to environmental management is central to contemporary environmental management policy, it is still unclear what such an approach entails in concrete legal terms. The scope of the analysis stretches from international and EU legal regimes, to implementation and regulation within the national legal systems. A conclusion is that the management structures need further development to properly realize EBM, for example, through concretization of management measures, and clarification of duties and responsibilities for their realization.     

Assessment of insecticide contamination in runoff and stream water of small agricultural streams in the main soybean area of Argentina

The first- and second-order streams, Brown and Horqueta, respectively, which are located in the main area of soybean production in Argentina were examined for insecticide contamination caused by runoff from nearby soybean fields. The insecticides most widely used in Argentina (chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and endosulfan) were detected in sediments, suspended particles and water. Highest concentrations in suspended particles were 318 microg/kg for endosulfan in the stream Horqueta, while 226 microg/kg chlorpyrifos and 13.2 microg/kg cypermethrin were measured in the stream Brown. In the Horqueta stream 150 and 53 microg/kg chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin were detected in runoff sediments, respectively. Whereas cypermethrin concentrations in the suspended particles were relatively low, levels in the floodwater of Brown reached 0.7 microg/l. The highest chlorpyrifos concentration in floodwater was 0.45 microg/l in Brown. However, endosulfan was not detected in the water phase. In runoff water the highest concentrations measured were 0.3 microg/l for chlorpyrifos in Horqueta and 0.49 microg/l for cypermethrin in the Brown stream. On five sampling dates during the pesticide application period in Brown stream (2002/2003) the concentration of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in runoff and/or floodwater exceeded the water quality criteria for freshwater mentioned in this study. In three cases this insecticide concentration was measured in stream water, indicating an acute risk to aquatic life. The acute toxicity-exposure-ratio (TER) for chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin also shows an acute risk for aquatic invertebrates in the Brown stream. In the Horqueta chlorpyrifos concentrations in the runoff exceeded the safety levels three times during the application period (2001/2002), potentially endangering the aquatic fauna. Effects on aquatic macroinvertebrates after insecticide contamination were reported in earlier studies in Horqueta stream.     

Assessment of trophic status of the northeastern Mediterranean coastal waters: eutrophication classification tools revisited

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Eastern Mediterranean and its Cilician Basin offshore waters have oligotrophic features with low nutrient concentrations, low primary production,...     

Development of an in-line system for the analysis of 4,4'-DDT in water

An in-line system for trace persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in water was developed by using a laboratory-made hollow fiber membrane (HFM) unit connected with a high-resolution gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (HRGC-MS). The semivolatile organic compound, 4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (4,4'-DDT), was chosen as a representative of a persistent organic compound. The synthetic water contaminated with 4,4'-DDT was passed through the HFM unit, the extraction occurred by the analyte pervaporated and permeated, then stripped into HRGC-MS. Several factors were investigated for the high extraction efficiency. The best performance was obtained at sample and stripping gas flow rates of 6 and 9 mLmin-1, respectively, and desorption temperature of 60 degrees C. At this temperature, the diffusion rate was enhanced by 15 times over 25 degrees C. A wide linear dynamic range was obtained, i.e., 0.10-1.0 mgL-1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 90 microgL-1. The extraction efficiency of 4,4'-DDT in real water samples was in the range of 83-94%. Real water samples were analyzed and 0.6 microgL-1 of 4,4'-DDT was found in unregistered bottled water and 7.0 microgL-1 in tap water.     

A bibliometric analysis of eutrophication literatures: an expanding and shifting focus

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper examined the eutrophication literatures from 1998 to 2015 using bibliometric techniques basing on the database of Science Citation Index....     

Assessment of water quality observation stations using cluster analysis and ordinal logistic regression technique

Variations in the surface water quality parameters of the observation stations have been investigated using cluster analysis and the ordinal logistic regression technique. Ordinal logistic regression analysis results showed that nitrite, ammonium and total phosphorus were identified as the parameters that displayed essential variations. These results were supported by the cluster analysis. The cluster analysis of the observation stations identified two clusters. It was concluded that domestic, agricultural and industrial discharges strongly affected the northwest part of the Tahtali dam reservoir. Finally, it was determined that the variations in the water quality parameters could reliably be estimated by these techniques.