共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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松花江水体中多环芳烃类污染物的污染研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
多环芳烃类污染物(PAHS)是化学性质比较稳定的一类污染物,具有"三致"作用,不仅难降解,而且生物毒性强,对水生态环境产生一定危害,研究表明,松花江江水以及松花江水补给的近江的浅层井水,包括水生生物及底质,均含有多环芳烃类污染物,但暂不会对水生物和人体健康构成危胁. 相似文献
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我国水体沉积物中多环芳烃的污染现状与生态效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
多环芳烃(PAHs)是一大类广泛存在于环境中的有机污染物,在水体中其主要归宿是沉积物。文中对国内外各地表层沉积物中多环芳烃的浓度的进行对比的基础上,分析了我国水体沉积物中多环芳烃的污染现状,结果表明处于低一中等水平,就而部分区域如黄河流域的沉积物达到高生态风险区的标准。 相似文献
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湘江枢纽工程对水生生物的影响及防治研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
探讨了内河航运枢纽工程对河流水生生物的种类,数量,繁殖的影响,以及水质变化对水生生物的影响,提出了相应的防治措施,以湘江大源渡航运枢纽工程拟建成河道不源渡水库为例,对鱼类的影响分析为重点,为工程的决策提供了依据。 相似文献
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10种典型重金属在八大流域的生态风险及水质标准评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
收集了10种典型重金属在我国八大流域水体中的暴露浓度和对水生生物的急性和慢性毒性数据,分别应用概率密度重叠面积法和联合概率分布法对重金属在各流域水体中的生态风险进行评估,并与现行水质标准的评估结果进行对比.结果显示,Cu和Zn在各流域水体中生态风险均较高,现行水质标准对水生生物Cu、Zn的暴露不能实施有效的保护;Hg和Ni现行标准对水生生物存在过保护的现象;Se、As和Sb在各流域水体中生态风险均较低,现行标准对水生生物保护程度适中.建议对现行水质标准适度修改,同时增强高风险重金属监测水平,以合理有效的保护我国水生态系统安全. 相似文献
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典型电子废物焚烧区水生生物多溴联苯醚累积特征 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
对广东清远某电子废物焚烧区封闭水体中水生生物体PBDEs(多溴联苯醚)的累积特征进行了研究. 结果表明,草虾、田螺、河蚌、鲫鱼、鲤鱼、黄鳝和乌鳢等水生生物体内w(∑21PBDEs)(以脂肪质量计)为0.2487~24.50μg/g. 该电子废物焚烧区水生生物PBDEs污染较严重,较我国其他地区开放性水体的水生生物体w(PBDEs)高出1~3个数量级. 其中,底栖动物河蚌和田螺体内PBDEs累积最高,w(∑21PBDEs)分别为11.38和4.968μg/g. 不同同系物在水生生物体内累积差异较大,BDE209是水生生物体PBDEs累积的主要组分,占49.83%~91.48%,八溴代和九溴代BDE也发生了高累积. 营养级是电子废物焚烧区水生生物PBDEs累积的最主要控制因素,但捕食和生活习性对生物体尤其是软体动物PBDEs累积也产生了较大影响. 相似文献
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在伊春红山水电站枢纽工程建设前对汤旺河干流红山电站坝址段(上甘岭河段),即淹没区上游、淹没区和坝区以及坝区下水生生物进行实地监测调查,并根据调查结果对项目区河段水生生物现状进行评价,为项目建设的环境影响提供基础数据。 相似文献
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利用高效液相色谱和串联质谱联用的方法,分析了北京市清河水体和水生生物体内4类抗生素含量水平及污染特征. 结果表明:清河水体中QNs(喹诺酮类)和MCs(大环内酯类)抗生素是主要污染物质,ρ(∑QNs)和ρ(∑MCs)的平均值分别为2238.9和814.9ng/L;在检测的5种大型水生植物体内,QNs和TCs(四环素类)抗生素是主要污染物质,w(∑QNs)和w(∑TCs)的平均值分别为945.3和389.2μg/kg;在鱼类和软体动物体内,QNs和SAs(磺胺类)抗生素是主要污染物质,w(∑QNs)和w(∑SAs)的平均值分别为3213.9和653.5μg/kg. 抗生素对清河水生态系统的环境风险评价结果表明,OFL(氧氟沙星)、CIP(环丙沙星)和NOR(诺氟沙星)对藻类和水生植物的HQs(危害系数)均大于1,说明在清河水体中这3种抗生素对藻类和水生植物存在环境风险. 研究表明,清河水环境存在一定程度的抗生素污染,其中QNs抗生素的HQs较高,其环境风险不容忽视. 相似文献
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Judgments of adverse environmental impact from cooling water intake structures need to be preceded by an appreciation of what is normal. In its report, Return to the River, the Independent Scientific Group (now called the Independent Scientific Advisory Board) — the scientific peer review arm of the Northwest Power Planning Council — advanced the notion of a ‘normative river ecosystem’ as a new conceptual foundation for salmonid recovery in the Columbia River basin. With this perspective, the sum of the best scientific understanding of how organisms and aquatic ecosystems function should be the norm or standard of measure for how we judge the effects of human activities on aquatic systems. For the best likelihood of recovery, key aspects of altered systems should be brought back toward normative (although not necessarily fully back to the historical or pristine state); new alterations should be judged for adversity by how much they move key attributes away from normative or what might be considered normal. In this paper, I ask what ‘normative’ is for the setting of cooling water intake structures and how this concept could help resolve long-standing disputes between groups interested in avoiding damage to all organisms that might be entrained or impinged and those who take a more population or community perspective for judging adverse environmental impact. In essence, I suggest that if a water intake does not move the aquatic ecosystem outside the ‘normative’ range, based on expressions of normalcy such as those discussed, then no adverse impact has occurred. Having an explicit baseline in normal or normative would place 316(b) analyses on the same conceptual foundation as 316(a) analyses, which strive to demonstrate the continuation of a balanced, indigenous community of aquatic organisms at the power station location. 相似文献
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B. Wachs 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1983,70(12):577-580
Lawful arguments of food research require an information of the concentrations of heavy metals in fishes. Whereas for the control of emissions and of river pollution the analysis on heavy metals in excellent indicator organisms — as specific submerged water plants or fish food (zoobenthic) organisms — is generally more sensitive and therefore more suitable. With analytical results there is no successive accumulation of metals in the aquatic food chain — that means no biomagnification — determinable. By the analysis of some bioindicators the degree of the environmental load due to heavy metals can be estimated. With this ecological method we are able to detect the emissions' locality and their producers. 相似文献