升流式厌氧污泥床处理含五氯酚废水工艺的研究

研究升流式厌氧污泥反应器（ＵＡＳＢ）在中温条件下处理含五氯酚（ＰＣＰ）模拟废水时工艺特点及ＰＣＰ降解机理,结果表明：处理啤酒废水的厌氧颗粒污泥为接种物（ＶＳＳ接种量约１５ｇ／Ｌ）,运行温度为３５±１℃,水力停留时间２０－２４ｈ,进水ＣＯＤ浓度为２５００－２８００ｍｌ／Ｌ;进水ＰＣＰ浓度岂１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ上各至８．０ｍｇ／Ｌ条件下,１２０ｄ左右完成启动,ＰＣＰ和ＣＯＤ去除率分别为９４％及８６％以上,高     

厌氧折流板反应器处理有毒废水及其污泥特性的研究

在１６．２Ｌ厌氧折流板反应器中，处理以葡萄糖为共基质的含五氯酚钠（ＰＣＰ－Ｎａ）有毒废水，进水ＣＯＤ为１１００－１２００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＨＲＴ为１d。结果表明，ＡＢＲ 对有毒物负荷变化的适应能力强，当进水ＰＣＰ－Ｎa小于８ｍｇ／Ｌ时，出水ＣＯＤ在８０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，ＰＣＰ－Ｎa在０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，运行稳定。在有毒物低于抑制浓度 下反应器内参形成颗粒污泥，颗粒污泥表面为发酵产酸菌，内部为产甲烷菌，自身形成良好     

厌氧颗粒污泥反应器修复模拟受PCP污染地表水的性能研究

研究了用于修复模拟受ＰＣＰ污染地表水的厌氧颗粒污泥反应器降解ＰＣＰ活性的维持条件和修复性能．结果表明，降解ＰＣＰ活性可通过连续提供电子供体和选择压力来维持，操作条件为ＣＯＤ进水／ＰＣＰ进水＞３０，此时反应器具有稳定的ＰＣＰ去除和产甲烷性能；颗粒污泥反应器修复受ＰＣＰ污染地表水的性能与过程稳定性受电子供体类型、数量的影响．当ＣＯＤ／ＰＣＰ＞１５０—２００，ＨＲＴ为０５ｄ时，含ＰＣＰ１２９１ｍｇ／Ｌ的模拟受污地表水经厌氧反应器修复后，其ＰＣＰ浓度可低于１ＰＰｂ，生物毒性明显降低．     

厌氧颗粒污泥对五氯酚(PCP)的吸附、解吸及生物降解

以未驯化污泥接种的升流式厌氧污泥床反应器可形成降解五氯酚（PCP）的颗粒污泥．颗粒污泥去除PCP的主要机制是生物降解作用,而不是生物吸附作用．PCP在颗粒污泥上的吸附和解吸符合Freundlich等温方程,吸附和解吸的Freundlich常数K、1/n分别为0.7857mg/gSS、0.5079和1.1095mg/gSS、0.3782,部分PCP被不可逆吸附．与其它活或死的生物材料相比,本试验形成的颗粒污泥对PCP吸附量较小．该方程较准确地表达了UASB反应器内厌氧颗粒污泥对PCP吸附量的变化规律．     

硫酸盐和氯离子对厌氧生物过程抑制作用的研究

采用混合式厌氧反应器,以酒槽废水为基质,在厌氧体系中投加不同浓度的ＳＯ－和Ｃｌ－,研究盐离子日加入量和累积量与厌氧体系抑制程度的关系,得出维持厌氧体系正常运行所允许的日加入量（ＳＯ－低于１４４ｍｇ／Ｌ,Ｃｌ低于３１９５ｍｇ／Ｌ）和累积浓度（ＳＯ－低于３００ｍｇ／Ｌ,Ｃｌ－低于２００００ｍｇ／Ｌ）;研究了污泥对ＳＯ－和Ｃｌ－的负荷,在ＳＯ－／ＶＳ浓度为５．５５ｇ／ｋｇ和Ｃｌ－／ＶＳ为５８．６ｇ／ｋｇ时,对厌氧体系无抑制作用。     

影响一体式好氧膜生物反应器膜清洗周期的几个因素

一体式好氧中空纤维膜生物反应器不同操作条件下处理生活污水的试验结果表明,在膜通量１０．４Ｌ／ｍ＾２．ｈ）污泥龄２０ｄ,污泥去除负荷（ＣＯＤ／ＶＳＳ）为０．２２ｋｇ（ｋｇ．ｄ）的正常稳定运行条件下,该系统可在整个膜寿命期限内（３－５ａ）不同洗燕得到优质出水;ＣＯＤ〈２０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＮＨ３－Ｎ〈１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,无色无味透明,未检出大肠杆菌,其中,污泥去除负荷,系统运行稳定状况和反应器流态是影响膜清洗周期     

厌氧—好氧—吸附处理偶氮染料废水的试验研究

可生化性试验表明，偶氮染料废水对微生物有抑制作用，但该类废水对驯化性污泥并无明显的抑制作用，废水经过流式厌氧污泥床的处理，可去除５０％－６０％的ＣＯＤ，处理系统内形成颗粒污泥，ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ增加到０．４２厌氧出水经生物接触氧化法，可去除６０％ＣＯＤ，再经吸附，出水ＣＯＤ可降至１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，达到废水排放标准。     

沼泽红假单胞菌H3对酸性红B2GL染料的厌氧脱色和降解作用

从印染厂污泥中分离到一株沼泽红假单胞菌（ＲｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｐａｌｕｓｔｒｉｓＨ３），在光照厌氧条件下该菌生长细胞可将１００ｍｇ／Ｌ酸性红Ｂ２ＧＬ染料去除到３０ｍｇ／Ｌ．完整细胞脱色的最适条件为ｐＨ７０，温度３０℃，细胞浓度２０—２５ｍｇ／ｍＬ（湿重）．低浓度的阳离子对脱色影响不大．在通Ａｒ气使严格厌氧和加有还原性辅酶Ｉ的条件下无细胞提取液的脱色活性最高，比活率为１５４×１０－２ｍｇ／（ｍｇ·ｈ）．根据降解产物的分析，推断了该菌对酸性红染料的降解代谢途径．     

厌氧-缺氧-好氧处理城市废水

用厌氧－缺氧－好氧中试反应器系统对城市废水进行处理。结果表明,此系统可去除９０％总ＣＯＤ,８９％ＴＳＳ,９３％ＶＳＳ,氮和磷的去除率分别为８０％和４０％。在此系统的缺氧相污泥中,脱氮硫杆菌的最高含量,最高脱氮作用率,氧化Ｎａ２Ｓ的最高浓度,Ｓ＾２－的最高污泥负荷率分别为１．１×１０＾８／ｇＶＳＳ,３．６ｍｇＮＯ３＾－／ｇＶＳＳ·ｈ,１７５０ｍｇ／Ｌ和２５ｍｇＳ＾２／ｇＶＳＳ·ｄ。     

过氧化物处理被污染土壤的最佳选择——铁矿物质的利用

本文探讨了利用标准的芬顿试剂方法，连续加入铁（Ⅱ）、Ｈ２Ｏ２和针矿铁（ａ－ＦｅＯＯＨ）Ｈ２Ｏ２的方式，处理被五氯化酚（ＰＣＰ）污染的硅沙。标准的芬顿试剂方法可以使１０ｍｇ／Ｌ的可溶性ＰＣＰ氧化，但是对降解１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ或２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ硅沙中的颗粒或被吸附的ＰＣＰ是无效的。当连续加入过量的试剂（４８０ｍｇ／ｌ铁和７％Ｈ２Ｏ２）时，就可降解颗粒的和被吸附的ＰＣＰ，不过，这需要大计量的Ｈ２Ｏ２。试验证     

厌氧处理含氯酚废水的颗粒污泥形成过程研究

在选择适宜的接种污泥前提下，即使有毒物五氯酚 存在，也完全可以使氯酚驯化污泥在模拟上流式厌氧消化反应器的启动、运行过程中颗粒化，形成降解并矿化ＰＣＰ的颗粒污泥，反应器运行性能随污泥颗粒化进程而逐步得到改善；分析了反应器内不同高度的颗粒污泥中不同营养类群细菌的数量垂直变化规律，并通过光学，电子显微镜观察了颗粒污泥的表面结构和主要微生物形态，发现丝状菌和杆菌是该颗粒污泥的优势菌。     

升流式厌氧污泥床处理含五氯酚废水的研究

研究了升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)在中温条件下处理含五氯酚(PCP)模拟废水时工艺特点及PCP降解机理。结果表明:①在以处理啤酒废水的厌氧颗粒污泥为接种物(VSS接种量约15 g /L),运行温度为(35±1) ℃,水力停留时间为20～24 h,进水COD浓度为2 500～2 800 mg/L;进水PCP浓度由1.0 mg/L上升至8.0 mg/L条件下,120 d左右完成启动,PCP和COD去除率分别为94%及86%以上。②高效液相色谱仪检测结果分析表明,PCP厌氧降解的途径是首先经间位脱氯生成四氯酚和2,4,6－三氯酚,再经邻位和对位脱氯生成2,4－二氯酚和邻氯苯酚,最后矿化为CH₄和CO₂。      

Production and application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB)reactors.Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start- up time.Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant(SWWTP) containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration.The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge,sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year,and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves.The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD)removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration.The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h.SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences.SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp.was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance.The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

Production and the application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors. Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start-up time. Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration. The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge, sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year, and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves. The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration. The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h. SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences. SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp. was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance. The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

工业有机废水为共基质培养降解五氯酚厌氧颗粒污泥

研究了工业有机废水和五氯酚(PCP)共存条件下,改良UASB反应器中厌氧污泥的颗粒化过程.实验发现降解PCP厌氧颗粒污泥形成可分成污泥驯化、颗粒污泥出现与成熟3个阶段,污泥颗粒化过程中污泥量、污泥活性和厌氧消化3大类群细菌数量与生态分布发生特征性变化,所培养颗粒污泥具有脱氯降解PCP的活性,产甲烷优势菌为杆状或长丝状产甲烷丝菌,在生物结构上形成互营微菌落,但污泥颗粒无明显层次性微结构.作为共基质的有机废水其种类影响着颗粒化进程、颗粒污泥脱氯活性与产甲烷优势菌.     

吸附-共代谢再生污泥法降解五氯苯酚的研究

根据五氯苯酚(PCP)在活性污泥中吸附和共代谢降解的规律设计出吸附-共代谢再生活性污泥法去除污水中五氯苯酚的新工艺。小试发现:新工艺对污水中的PCP具有较好的去除效果,采用该工艺处理含2mg/LPCP的生活污水,如果在再生段添加50mg/L的谷氨酸作共代谢诱导基质,在稳定运行期间出水PCP的浓度可以达到低于0.2mg/L的水平。     

Pentachlorophenol degradation by Pseudomonas stutzeri CL7 in the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill

A pentachlorophenol (PCP) mineralizing bacterium was isolated from the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill and identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri strain CL7. This isolate used PCP as its sole source of carbon and energy and was capable of degrading this compound as indicated by stoichiometric release of chloride and biomass formation. P. stutzeri (CL7) was able to mineralize a high concentration of PCP (600 mg/L) than any previously reported Pseudomonad with PCP as sole carbon source. As the concentration of PCP increased from 50 to 600 mg/L, the reduction in the cell growth was observed and the PCP degradation was more than 90% in all studied concentrations. This isolate was able to remove 66.8% of PCP from the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill when supplemented with 100 mg/L of PCP and grown for two weeks. This study showed that the removal e ciency of PCP by CL7 was found to be very e ective and can be used in PCP remediation of pulp paper mill waste in the environment.     

五氯苯酚对活性污泥中微生物活性抑制机理研究

四个工艺结构完全相同的活性污泥法反应系统由于添加五氯苯酚的浓度不同,在稳定运行期,其总有机污染物COD及目标污染物五氯苯酚的去除率也不相同。BIOLOG方法分析各活性污泥系统中细菌的功能结构及镜检观察分析污泥中原生动物的种群结构后发现:五氯苯酚降低活性污泥污染物去除效率的根源在于,不同浓度的五氯苯酚对活性污泥中的微生物种群结构的定向选择,在不同程度上改变了活性污泥中微生物种群的功能结构,使微生物种群对污染物的降解速率和程度发生了改变。     

UASB反应器处理CMC废水的启动特性研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,以高浓度羧甲基纤维素(CMC)废水为处理对象,研究了中温条件下UASB反应器的启动、颗粒污泥特性和废水处理效果.结果表明,采用接种颗粒污泥与消化污泥的混合泥进行培养,并逐步提高进水CMC废水浓度,运行80 d后,可实现UASB反应器的启动;当进水COD值达到4 000 mg/L,容积负荷6.86 kg/(m3.d),COD去除率在80%以上;反应器内污泥实现颗粒化,且颗粒污泥的比产甲烷活性良好.