共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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将制得的污泥活性炭浸于[AlO(OH)]透明溶胶中,再干燥,最后经微波处理得到γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭。研究微波处理工艺对γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭组成与孔结构的影响。分别用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱及孔径分布分析了γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭的组成和孔结构。结果表明:增大微波功率γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭的晶相由γ-Al2O3膜相和污泥活性炭相组成,辐照时间过长不利于形成γ-Al2O3相和污泥活性炭相。随着微波功率的增大,形成了附着于污泥活性炭孔内的多孔膜;γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭的孔径呈双峰分布,峰明显变窄,但是随着辐照时间的过长,孔径分布向大孔移动,整个双峰变宽。因而,微波可以辅助物理活化法制备γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭。 相似文献
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聚偏氟乙烯大孔超滤膜的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以国产聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为原料,选择不同种类的单一溶剂、混合溶剂和添加剂为铸膜液组成,研究了若干制膜因素对膜性能的影响,采用混合溶剂DMAC/AC之比控制AC含量在40%─60%,添加剂含量在10%─20%,制膜的气氛温度为25—30C,铸膜液温度为50℃左右,可制得截留分子量为15万和24万,透水速度达30—70ml/(cm2·h),截留率为90%以上的大孔超滤膜。 相似文献
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研究了不同预处理对原水分子量分布的改变和对膜透水通量的影响,用膜污染的结构参数模型,评价了分子量分布对平均孔径和膜孔密度的影响。结果表明:(1)经过不同的预处理后,原水的分子量分布有所改变,混凝对大分子量有机物去除率较高,PAC吸附对小分子量有机物去除率较高,臭氧PAC联用预处理使大分子量有机物和小分子量有机物均有所去除。(2)分子量分布对膜通量影响较大。(3)通过试验并应用膜结构参数模型,评价了分子量分布对膜平均孔径和膜孔密度的影响,表明小分子量有机物易引起孔内吸附,大分子量有机物容易在膜面附着。 相似文献
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膜生物反应器中膜过滤特征及膜污染机理的研究 总被引:27,自引:6,他引:21
以膜生物反应器处理市政污水,通过对活性污泥进行终端过滤来反映膜污染机理,实验表明,最初很短时间内膜污染受膜孔堵塞模型控制,之后受沉积层阻力模型控制,后一阶段是膜污染的主要控制阶段;膜的相对通量随过滤时间呈指数衰减趋势,压力越大,通量衰减越快;污泥沉积层存在压密过程,这一过程中的污泥比阻随压力增大而增大,并得到处理市政污水的污泥压密指数为0.807 8;阻力分布实验表明沉积层阻力占总阻力的90%以上,是膜过滤污染阻力的主要组成部分;活性污泥各组分对膜污染均有贡献,其中悬浮固体、胶体颗粒和溶质产生的阻力分别占87.98%、6.20%和5.82%;根据实验和计算结果,探讨了MBR处理市政污水过程中可能的膜污染机理. 相似文献
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有机膜的无机改性及其性能研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以无机纳米氧化铝粒子作为无机添加剂与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共混,采用相转换法合成了有机-无机共混超滤膜.通过测定膜与纯水的接触角,表征膜的亲水性;用激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)观察了膜的表面结构、表面孔分布和断面孔的结构及纳米颗粒在膜中的分散情况;利用杯式超滤装置对改性膜的透过性能、截留性能以及抗污染性能进行了测试;用强度测定仪测定了膜强度.结果表明,纳米Al2O3 的加入改善了PVDF膜的表面亲水性、通量、强度和抗污染性. 相似文献
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飞灰/石灰吸着剂制备及其脱硫脱硝性能的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以飞灰和石灰为原料,采用常压水合、蒸汽水合、加压水合三种水合方式制备干法脱硫脱硝吸着剂,并探讨了吸着剂表面及孔结构特性对脱硫脱硝性能的影响。研究了制备条件如:飞灰/石灰比、水合温度、压力等因素对吸着剂表面及孔结构特性及其脱硫脱硝性能的影响。结果表明,以飞灰和石灰水合制得的吸着剂的比表面积和孔体积均远大于原料石灰或飞灰的比表面积和孔体积。水合制得的飞灰/石灰吸着剂比表面积最大可达97.55m2/g,孔隙体积更是较两种原料增大了10~100倍;水合法制备飞灰/石灰吸着剂时,飞灰/石灰比对吸着剂的表面及孔结构特性影响最大,在飞灰/石灰比为1/1时,制得的吸着剂的脱硫脱硝性能较优;水合制备的飞灰/石灰吸着剂,比表面积40m2/g以上,且孔径在250~270A觷时,表现出具有较高的脱硫脱硝活性。 相似文献
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用电镜法和渗透率法对PVDF-300超滤膜表面的孔径分布、孔隙率以及膜孔密度等结构参数进行了测定.结果表明,用扫描电镜法和场发射扫描电镜法测定膜平均孔径及膜孔密度等结构参数是比较吻合的.从而可以根据膜结构参数在透水过程中的变化规律研究膜污染的机理,为以后建立以膜结构参数为参数的膜污染模型奠定了理论基础. 相似文献
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Gas-initiation under UV and liquid-grafting polymerization on the surface of polysulfone hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane by dynamic method 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
SHEN Ying-jie WU Guang-xi XU Shu-guang ZHONG Hui ZHANG Shao-lai ZHANG Xue-zhu ZHAO Xian-hong WU Tong ZHANG Wei-jun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2005,17(3):465-468
Using the inner-surface of polysulfone hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes as grafted layer, the method of gas-initiation and liquid-polymerization has been studied, which aimed to adjust the diameter of the pores in the membranes. The degree of polymerization varied with the changes of the parameters, such as irradiation time, monomer concentration, temperature and time of polymerization and so on. The results indicated that using benzophenone(BP) which is in a gaseous condition as photo-initiator, acrylamide as graft monomer, the polyacrylamide chain was grafted on the surface of membranes. After the surface membrane being modified, the water flux and retention altered, and thus it can be seen that the diameter of the pores in the membrane was altered. These experiments contribute to finding a new way to produce the hollow fiber membrane with the small pore size and are extraordinarily worth developing and studying. 相似文献
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超滤法处理含原油污水的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文论述了用聚砜中空纤维超滤膜处理含原油污水的研究,讨论了料液循环速度、操作温度、操作压力和料液浓度对膜传输性能的影响。设计了直径为10.2cm(4英寸)的中空纤维组件和相应的超滤设备,考察了透水速度随操作时间的变化,选用合适的膜清洗工艺,膜透水速度可保持为60L/m~2·h(40℃,1kg/cm~2压力)。工业化实验证明,用中空纤维膜处理含原油污水是成功的,透过液含油量低于10mg/L。该法亦适用于其它种类含油污水的处理。 相似文献
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Drinking water production by ultrafiltration of Songhuajiang River
with PAC adsorption 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In recent years, membrane ultrafiltration (UF) of surface water for drinking water treatment has become a more attractive technology worldwide as a possible alternative treatment to conventional clarification. To evaluate the performance of ultrafiltration membranes for treatment of surface water in North China, a 48-m^2 low pressure hollow fiber membrane ultrafiltration pilot plant was constructed. Ultrafiltration was operated in cross-flow and with powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption. Turbidity was almost completely removed to less than 0.2 NTU (below Chinese standard 1 NTU). It was found that PAC addition enhanced organic matter removal. The combined process of PAC/UF allowed to 41% removal of CODMn, 46% removal of DOC and 57% decrease in UV254 absorbance. The elimination of particles, from average 12000/ml in the raw water to approximately 15/ml in the permeated, was observed. When PAC concentration was below 30 mg/L, backwashing could recovery the membrane flux with backwash interval/backwashing duration of 1/30. 相似文献
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XIA Sheng-ji LIU Ya-nan LI Xing YAO Juan-juan State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Resources Reuse Tongji University Shanghai China. School of Environmental Science Engineering Dong Hua University Shanghai China School of Architecture Civil Engineering Beijing University of Technology Bejing China 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,(5)
In recent years, membrane ultrafiltration (UF) of surface water for drinking water treatment has become a more attractive technology worldwide as a possible alternative treatment to conventional clarification. To evaluate the performance of ultrafiltration membranes for treatment of surface water in North China, a 48-m2 low pressure hollow fiber membrane ultrafiltration pilot plant was constructed. Ultrafiltration was operated in cross-flow and with powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption. Turbidity was almost completely removed to less than 0.2 NTU (below Chinese standard 1 NTU). It was found that PAC addition enhanced organic matter removal. The combined process of PAC/UF allowed to 41% removal of CODMn 46% removal of DOC and 57% decrease in UV254 absorbance. The elimination of particles, from average 12000/ml in the raw water to approximately 15/ml in the permeated, was observed. When PAC concentration was below 30 mg/L, backwashing could recovery the membrane flux with backwash interval/backwashing duration of 1/30. 相似文献
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用超滤法处理洗毛污水 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文就聚砜中空纤维超滤法处理洗毛污水进行了研究,首先考查了不同截留分子量的超滤膜对超滤性能的影响,发现截留分子量为3万的膜超滤性能较佳;然后考查了压力、温度、浓度及流速等操作参数对超滤性能的影响;污水经过超滤后,脂、总固体及COD去除率分别在98%、80%和95%以上. 相似文献
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在PVDF/PMMA/TPU铸膜液中添加SiO2,采用相转化法制备有机/无机共混五孔膜,并经接触角实验、扫描电子显微镜、超滤实验和拉伸实验分别对不同SiO2添加量下膜的亲水性能、微观结构、超滤性能和机械性能进行了分析。结果表明,当SiO2添加量为0.5%时,膜的亲水性较好,结构形态也有所改善,此时纯水通量为164.8 L/(h.m2),同时截留率可达76.8%,膜的拉伸性能也有所提高;但是SiO2含量过高的情况下,膜的各项性能指标会因SiO2颗粒的团聚现象而下降。 相似文献
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