东南沿海河流-水库系统藻类生长营养盐限制季节变动

选取厦漳泉三地市饮用水源地九龙江20条支流以及4个水库开展2013~2014年为期一年的逐月水质与生态调查与监测,并借助GIS、统计分析方法,识别了氮磷营养盐和浮游植物藻类丰度和群落的时空变异性,河流与水库氮磷营养盐限制的差异性以及其控制性的季节性变化特征.结果表明,九龙江支流和水库的营养盐、藻类丰度和群落都分别展示出明显的时空变异性.支流和水库均呈现营养盐氮素浓度冬春季节较高,夏秋季节较低;营养盐磷素浓度大体与之相反.水库藻类丰度于夏季最高,而支流藻类丰度呈现冬春季节较高,夏秋季节较低的趋势.其中,汀溪水库于秋冬春季节和夏季呈现硅藻,绿藻演替;江东库区于冬春,夏秋季节呈现绿藻-隐藻、绿藻-蓝藻演替;石兜-坂头水库以及支流均未出现季节演替现象,优势藻分别为蓝藻、绿藻.RDA排序图较好地显示了浮游植物藻类与环境因子之间的关系.水库叶绿素a与氮磷营养盐之间呈现显著相关性,相关关系较强,并且其相关关系在冬春季节呈现营养盐磷的限制性,夏秋季节呈现营养盐氮的限制性.相比于水库,支流叶绿素a与营养盐之间只有夏秋季节呈现显著相关性,且相关关系较弱.     

Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables using multivariate statistic analysis in a eutrophic shallow lake： A S-year study

Understanding the process of the changing phytoplankton patterns can be particularly useful in water quality improvement and management decisions. However, it is generally not easy to illustrate the interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables given their high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. To elucidate relationships between them, in a eutrophic shallow lake, Taihu Lake, relative long-term data set of biotic and abiotic parameters of water quality in the lake were conducted using multivariate statistical analysis within seasonal periodicity. The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus （TP） played governing roles in phytoplankton dynamics in most seasons （i.e. temperature in winter, spring and summer; TP in spring, summer and autumn）; COD （chemical oxygen demand） and BOD （biological oxygen demand） presented significant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in spring, summer and autumn. However, a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering significant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn, and conversely negative ones in summer. As the predatory factor, zooplankton presented significant grazing-pressure on phytoplankton biomass during summer in view of negative relationship between them in the season. Significant feedback effects of phytoplankton development were identified in summer and autumn in view that significant relationships were obser,qed between phytoplankton biomass and pH, Trans （transparency of water） and DO. The results indicate that interactions between phyto：plankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity, which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability, and hence, advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.     

Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables using multivariate statistic analysis in a eutrophic shallow lake:A 5-year study

Understanding the process of the changing phytoplankton patterns can be particularly useful in water quality improvement and management decisions.However,it is generally not easy to illustrate the interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables given their high spatial and temporal heterogeneity.To elucidate relationships between them,in a eutrophic shallow lake,Taihu Lake,relative long-term data set of biotic and abiotic parameters of water quality in the lake were conducted using multivariate statistical analysis within seasonal periodicity.The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus(TP)played governing roles in phytoplankton dynamics in most seasons(i.e.temperature in winter,spring and summer; TP in spring,summer and autumn); COD(chemical oxygen demand)and BOD(biological oxygen demand)presented significant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in spring,summer and autumn.However,a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering significant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn,and conversely negative ones in summer.As the predatory factor,zooplankton presented significant grazing-pressure on phytoplankton biomass during summer in view of negative relationship between them in the season.Significant feedback effects of phytoplankton development were identified in summer and autumn in view that significant relationships were observed between phytoplankton biomass and pH,Trans(transparency of water)and DO.The results indicate that interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity,which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability,and hence,advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.     

Contribution of spatially explicit models to climate change adaptation and mitigation plans for a priority forest habitat

Climate change will impact forest ecosystems, their biodiversity and the livelihoods they sustain. Several adaptation and mitigation strategies to counteract climate change impacts have been proposed for these ecosystems. However, effective implementation of such strategies requires a clear understanding of how climate change will influence the future distribution of forest ecosystems. This study uses maximum entropy modelling (MaxEnt) to predict environmentally suitable areas for cork oak (Quercus suber) woodlands, a socio-economically important forest ecosystem protected by the European Union Habitats Directive. Specifically, we use two climate change scenarios to predict changes in environmental suitability across the entire geographical range of the cork oak and in areas where stands were recently established. Up to 40 % of current environmentally suitable areas for cork oak may be lost by 2070, mainly in northern Africa and southern Iberian Peninsula. Almost 90 % of new cork oak stands are predicted to lose suitability by the end of the century, but future plantations can take advantage of increasing suitability in northern Iberian Peninsula and France. The predicted impacts cross-country borders, showing that a multinational strategy, will be required for cork oak woodland adaptation to climate change. Such a strategy must be regionally adjusted, featuring the protection of refugia sites in southern areas and stimulating sustainable forest management in areas that will keep long-term suitability. Afforestation efforts should also be promoted but must consider environmental suitability and land competition issues.     

福建宁德晴川湾海域鱼类群落结构及其时空变动

福建宁德晴川湾是闽东渔场的中心区域,但针对该区域鱼类群落结构的研究相对欠缺。本研究在2020年4月和10月开展了两次底拖网调查,旨在通过对晴川湾海域鱼类群落结构及其时空变动的分析,探究环境因子对该海域鱼类群落的影响。结果显示：本次调查共采集到鱼类11目29科49属55种,其中,30种为洄游性鱼类;春季优势种主要为孔虾虎...     

钦州湾叶绿素a和初级生产力时空变化及其影响因素

于2009年1—11月对广西钦州典型养殖海湾——钦州湾海域水体中叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度和初级生产力进行了4个季节航次的调查,分析了该海湾Chl-a和初级生产力的时空变化特征并探讨其影响因素.结果表明,钦州湾表层海水Chl-a浓度周年变化在0.83~32.5 mg·m-3之间,平均为5.39 mg·m-3;Chl-a浓度季节性变化表现为夏季春季冬季秋季.初级生产力变化范围是92.3~1494.5 mg·m-2·d-1(以C计,下同),平均为425.1 mg·m-2·d-1;初级生产力季节变化特征呈现夏季冬季秋季春季.钦州湾Chl-a浓度和初级生产力在春、夏、冬季呈现内湾和三娘湾海区高、钦州港海区低的分布特征,秋季出现相反的特征.相关分析显示,钦州湾Chl-a与水温、盐度和氨氮之间存在密切的相关关系.总体来看,陆源输入的营养盐及贝类养殖活动是影响Chl-a和初级生产力时空变化的重要因素.     

云贵高原富营养化湖泊杞麓湖浮游生物群落的季节性演替及其驱动因子分析

杞麓湖是云贵高原典型的重富营养化湖泊,水生态系统已严重退化.为揭示杞麓湖浮游生物群落季节性演替规律,阐明浮游生物群落季节性演替的驱动因子,于2017-2018年对杞麓湖浮游生物及水质理化参数进行季节采样调查和浮游生物群落结构特征分析,并运用CCA（典范对应分析）方法分析浮游植物群落组成与环境因子的关系.结果表明:①杞麓湖夏季营养状态最高,达重度富营养水平,春秋冬三季均为中度富营养.水体SD（透明度）春季最高,夏季最低;ρ（Chla）、ρ（COD_Mn）均为夏季最高,冬季最低;ρ（TN）冬季最高,秋季最低;ρ（TP）春夏最高,冬季最低.②杞麓湖浮游植物共6门163种（其中包括8个变种）.浮游植物密度春季最低（0.66×108 L-1）而秋季最高（16.08×108 L-1）,主要为蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门.其中,春季优势种为微细转板藻（Mougeotia parvula）;夏季优势种为孟氏浮丝藻（Planktothrix mougeotii）;秋冬季的优势种均为阿氏浮丝藻（Planktothrix agardhii）.③杞麓湖浮游动物32种,浮游动物密度冬季最低（13.2 ind./L）而夏季最高（3 696.0 ind./L）.其中,春季优势种为曲腿龟甲轮虫（Keratella valga）,夏季优势种为前节晶囊轮虫（Asplanchna priodonta）,秋季优势种为螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis）,而冬季优势种为桡足类幼体.研究显示,杞麓湖浮游动植物群落季节性演替明显,ρ（DTP）（DTP为溶解态磷）、ρ（TP）、ρ（NH₃-N）、ρ（COD_Mn）和WT（水温）是影响杞麓湖浮游植物群落季节性演替的主要驱动因子.      

酸雨区不同用地类型土壤有效态Cd含量季节变化及关键影响因子

探明污染土壤重金属有效态含量的季节变化特征及其敏感影响因子,对农业生产过程中减低重金属生态风险具有重要的参考价值.研究于湘江中下游典型Cd超标农业小流域中选取稻田、旱作蔬菜地、丘陵林地这3类主要用地类型,分析不同用地类型Cd活性的季节变化特征及其与土壤基本理化参数的关联.为期1 a的原位监测结果显示,研究区为典型酸雨区,雨水p H值呈现冬、春季节低于夏、秋季.稻田土壤总Cd含量显著高于旱作蔬菜地,菜地显著高于林地,3种用地类型土壤总Cd含量季节特征相似,均为夏秋季节略低于冬春两季.3种用地类型Cd有效态季节变化与总Cd含量无明显的相关性,稻田土壤有效态Cd含量在5~9月的作物生长季明显低于其他月份,而菜地和林地则恰好相反.稻田土壤Cd有效性的最关键影响因子为Eh,呈显著正相关,与土壤p H负相关,菜地土壤与土壤TOC明显负相关,而林地土壤Cd有效性与水溶性有机碳、TOC呈现明显的正相关关系.研究可为Cd超标土壤污染阻控与农业安全生产提供一定的数据参考.     

Estimates of dark ecosystem respiration of CO2 from the city of Calgary,Alberta

Carbon dioxide flux can be used as a criterion of the metabolism of terrestrial communities. A method has been developed to estimate this flux from urban areas during nocturnal periods characterized by stable air. The method assumes that biogenic and anthropogenic CO₂ emissions are proportional to one another. This assumption appears to be acceptable for average conditions in Calgary, Alberta, which is an “urban forest” situated in a prairie setting.Application of the method for estimating the CO₂ flux from Calgary's terrestrial ecosystem shows that dark respiration is absent during autumn and winter seasons. It is twice as great in summer as in spring. Its summer level is less than half that observed for an oak—pine forest in New York state. The lesser value is explainable in terms of Calgary's colder climate and the fact that a significant portion of the city is occupied by streets, houses, high-rise buildings and parking lots.     

北黄海大气氮氧化物的季节分布

根据2006年夏季2、007年冬春秋四个季节分别对北黄海进行的大面调查,分析研究了四季氮氧化物(NOx)的季节变化和浓度分布。结果显示,大气NOx浓度呈现明显的季节变化,表现为冬季>夏季>秋季>春季,冬季北黄海空气中NOx浓度的平均值分别是春季的4倍、夏季的2倍和秋季的2.1倍。NOx浓度在北黄海的不同区域特征呈现为近岸向远岸逐渐降低的趋势,说明陆源污染物对北黄海NOx分布有较大影响。     

广西铁山港海草生态区无机N的季节变化规律及其相关性分析

根据铁山港海草生态区2008年1月～2008年11月冬、春、夏、秋4个季节的调查资料,首次探讨了无机态N的季节变化规律及其相关因子的影响。结果表明:研究海区无机态N具有春夏季明显高于秋冬季的特征,其中春、夏、秋季以陆源输入影响为主,冬季以海区自身N的补充影响为主;DIN的组成变化受水温影响较明显,水温较高的春夏季主要以NO3-N为主,分别占DIN的57.91%和73.00%,秋冬季则以NH4-N为主,分别占DIN的78.23%和50.59%。相关分析显示,无机态N与环境因子之间的相关性以夏秋季出现显著性较多,春季次之,冬季最少;形态N之间的相关性,则集中体现在春夏季节NO3-N与NO2-N、NO2-N与NH4-N之间显著以上的正相关影响上,而且三种形态N同时成为DIN含量的控制因子;秋冬季节所有形态N之间均无相关性出现,只有秋季的NH4-N成为DIN含量的主控因子;但所有季节NO3-N与NH4-N之间均无相关性的出现,却从另一个角度说明,浮游植物优先吸收NH4-N并与之构成直接循环已成为海草生态区无机态N循环的最大特点。     

南四湖浮游硅藻季节性演替及其与环境因子的相关性

为研究南水北调东线工程调水对南四湖硅藻藻密度、种群结构变化的影响,于2010年5月—2013年4月在南四湖进行逐月采样,应用NMDS(non-metric multi-dimensional scaling,非度量性多元标度)分析硅藻种群组成的相似性,并通过冗余分析和Pearson相关性分析研究了硅藻种群结构和环境因子间的相关性. 结果表明:①共检出硅藻23属69种,硅藻藻密度在14.3×104~663.2×104 L-1之间,呈明显的季节性变化,表现为冬春季大于夏秋季;②硅藻种群演替呈明显的季节性变化,冬春季主要以冷水种尖针杆藻(冬春季所占比例分别为15.3%、24.0%)为主,夏秋季则以暖水种扭曲小环藻(夏秋季所占比例分别为17.8%、19.1%)为主;③氮磷营养盐水平、pH和表层水温是影响南四湖硅藻种群变化的主要环境因子. 南四湖硅藻种群对于环境因子变化的反应较为灵敏,可作为南四湖水质的潜在指示工具进行长期研究.      

不同水源补给情形的溪流沟渠沉积物磷形态及释放风险分析

2015年5~12月,在合肥地区3条分别以城市污水厂尾水、食品加工废水和农业排水-地下水渗流为主要补给水源的溪流沟渠上,按季节采集表层沉积物样,分析沉积物磷赋存形态;通过磷吸附指数(PSI)、磷吸附饱和度(DPS)和磷释放风险指数(ERI)计算,评估溪流沟渠沉积物的磷潜在释放风险,并以非参数检验方法,对3条溪流沟渠开展差异性分析.结果表明:1关镇河支渠和陶冲小溪流水体磷素污染严重,3条溪流沟渠磷污染程度排序为:关镇河支渠陶冲小溪流磨店小溪流,其中关镇河支渠沉积物TP平均含量为1 376.95 mg·kg-1,分别是磨店小溪流和陶冲小溪流的2.94和1.91倍;2 3条溪流沟渠沉积物中各形态磷含量差异显著,且在含量高低排序方面存在一定差异性;3 3条溪流沉积物的PSI值季节性变化特征明显,而且每条溪流沟渠所有采样点变化规律基本一致,即总体上都表现出秋季最高,冬季次之,春、夏季基本相当且相对最低的变化特征;4由PSI、DPS及ERI评估得到的磷释放风险特征基本一致,相应的磷释放风险高低排序为:关镇河支渠陶冲小溪流磨店小溪流;5差异性分析表明,3条溪流沟渠几乎在所有指标上存在显著的差异性.     

岗南水库沉积物间隙水有色溶解有机物的时空分布特征及差异分析

有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)作为溶解性有机物的重要组分,影响着水体中污染物质的形态特征和迁移转化过程.本研究运用紫外-可见光谱技术(UV-vis)以及三维荧光光谱(EEMs)技术结合平行因子分析法(PARAFAC),对岗南水库自入库河口到坝前主库区四季演变过程中沉积物间隙水CDOM的分布、光谱特征以及来源进行解析.结果表明,岗南水库沉积物间隙水CDOM的相对浓度a_(254)、a_(260)、a_(280)和a_(355)存在显著的季节差异,并且相对浓度大小为夏季春季秋季冬季;沉积物间隙水CDOM的E2/E3、E3/E4、E4/E6以及S_R存在显著的季节差异,呈现冬季高夏季低的特征;秋冬季的E2/E3以及E3/E4明显高于春夏季,并且秋冬季的E3/E4大部分均大于3.5,表明秋冬季沉积物间隙水CDOM具有更小的分子量和更低的腐殖化程度;三维荧光光谱通过PARAFAC解析出3种组分,分别为类酪氨酸(C1)、短波类富里酸(C2)和降解的腐殖类物质(C3),并且3种荧光组分间具有显著的正相关性(P0.001);岗南水库沉积物间隙水的CDOM总荧光强度和各荧光组分荧光强度呈现显著的季节差异,总荧光强度以及各组分的荧光强度呈现春季的最高、秋冬季次之、夏季最低的分布特征;秋冬季各个荧光组分占比不存在显著差异,春夏季各个荧光组分占比不存在显著差异,秋冬季与春夏季各个荧光组分占比存在显著差异;秋冬季沉积物间隙水CDOM生物源指数(BIX)和荧光指数(FI)均高于春夏季,表明秋冬季CDOM的自生源强于春夏季,与腐殖程度指标(HIX)的结果相吻合;PCA结合Adonis分析显示沉积物间隙水CDOM的光谱特征呈现显著的季节差异(P0.001);并且组分C1、C2、C3以及水质参数[氨氮、硝氮、亚硝氮、溶解性总氮以及溶解性总磷]均有很好的线性回归方程.综上,通过对岗南水库沉积物间隙水CDOM光谱特征进行研究,可以为分析岗南水库有机物污染特征和水质管理提供技术支持.     

中亚热带典型人工针叶林土壤溶解性有机碳浓度变化特征研究

土壤溶解性有机碳（DOC）是土壤有机碳库的活性组分,DOC降解影响土壤有机碳的迁移转化过程、生态系统的养分平衡和微生物的能源供给。当前大气氮沉降的增加是影响我国南方森林生态系统碳固定过程的重要因素,已引起各方广泛关注。论文基于中亚热带红壤丘陵区三种人工针叶林过去5 a 的施肥试验,重点分析了不同树种土壤DOC季节及0~30 cm土壤垂直剖面上的动态变化特征,对比分析了施肥对于不同人工林土壤DOC的影响。研究发现：① DOC浓度季节变化：湿地松林为秋季 >春季 >夏季 >冬季;马尾松林为秋季 >春季 >冬季 >夏季;杉木林为秋季>夏季>冬季>春季。DOC浓度剖面变化特征如下：湿地松林为10 cm>20 cm>30 cm;马尾松林为20 cm >10 cm >30 cm;杉木林为20 cm >30 cm >10 cm。②湿地松林土壤DOC浓度：施P肥 >对照 >施N+P肥 >施N肥;马尾松林土壤DOC浓度：对照、施N+P肥>施N肥>施P肥;杉木林：对照>施P肥>施N肥、施N+P肥。论文通过研究不同施肥条件下人工林DOC浓度在季节和剖面上的变化,可为了解大气氮沉降对中亚热带人工针叶林土壤DOC的可能影响提供重要的科学依据。     

长江上游植被覆盖的时空分异季节变化及其驱动因子研究

以GIMMS/NDVl为基础,结合气候与人类活动数据,研究了1982～2003年间长江上游植被覆盖季节变化的空间分布.结果表明,近22年来,长江上游春季、夏季植被覆盖呈增加趋势,以春季最显著;秋季、冬季植被覆盖呈降低趋势,以秋季降低最显著.春季、夏季降雨与气温的同步增加,致使植被覆盖增加;秋季降雨减少,以及气温的增加导致植被覆盖降低;另外,作物播种面积的增加是春季、夏季植被覆盖增加,秋季、冬季植被覆盖减少的重要原因.春季→夏季→秋季→冬季NDVI增加的区域在窄问上大致呈现低纬度向高纬度转移的趋势.春季、夏季所有植被类型的NDVI均有增加趋势;而秋季所有植被类型的NDVI均降低;冬季植被除针叶林的NDVI略有增长外,其余植被类型的NDVI均降低.     

京津冀及周边地区“2+26”城市臭氧的季节性变化规律

城市臭氧(O₃)污染已成为当前主要的大气污染问题之一,也是空气污染防控面临的新挑战. 然而,基于长时段连续监测数据的O₃浓度季节性变化规律及成因解析仍较薄弱. 本文基于2014年3月1日—2021年2月28日空气质量在线监测平台日尺度数据,通过偏相关等方法探讨京津冀及周边地区“2+26”城市O₃的季节性变化规律. 结果表明:①“2+26”城市2014—2020年O₃年均浓度上升速率为3.82 μg/(m3·a),呈现先上升后下降的趋势,下降速率小于上升速率;O₃浓度的季节性变化特征表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季. ②2014—2020年O₃轻度污染天数占比最大且呈上升趋势,除北京市外,其他城市夏季O₃中度污染天数上升趋势明显. ③2017—2020年O₃浓度与CO、NO₂浓度的显著负相关性在夏季和冬季有所增强. O₃与SO₂浓度的关系由2014—2017年春季、夏季和秋季的显著负相关变为2017—2020年夏季和冬季的显著正相关(P<0.05). ④春季和秋季O₃浓度与日均气温呈显著正相关,夏季和冬季O₃浓度与相对湿度呈显著负相关,与日均风速的相关性则相对较弱. 研究显示,“2+26”城市O₃污染协调治理成效显著,需在保持现有NO_x控制力度基础上强化VOCs控制,加强SO₂治理,进一步遏制夏季O₃浓度上升.      

Scale-dependent habitat selection in migratory frugivorous passerines

Frugivorous migrants may select fruit-rich habitats en route to attain high food rewards, yet their stopover behavior may also be shaped by other considerations, such as predation risk. During 1996–2001 we investigated autumn stopover habitat use of three Sylvia warblers (sylviids; S. hortensis, S. atricapilla and S. curruca) and three Turdidae chats (turdids; Cercotrichas galactotes, Oenanthe hispanica and Phoenicurus phoenicurus) in planted groves of the fruiting tree Pistacia atlantica in Lahav Forest, Israel, which is located at the edge of a desert. We used fecal analysis, a constant-effort trapping scheme and field observations to estimate the extent of frugivory, and bird habitat and microhabitat selection with regard to natural fruit and foliage densities. We also measured bird microhabitat selection in a set of fruit-manipulated trees. We trapped a total of 2,357 birds during the course of the study. Although sylviids exhibited higher frugivory level than turdids, both species groups exhibited a similar significantly positive correlation between bird and fruit densities at the habitat scale. However, at the microhabitat scale, sylviids selected densely foliated trees, whilst turdids were randomly distributed among trees. Our findings suggest that both species groups selected fruit-rich stopover habitats to take advantage of the high food availability before the demanding migration journey. No other mechanism except predation avoidance can explain the sylviids microhabitat selection; the migrants used foliage cover to reduce bird detectability by raptors. We conclude that en route passerines may use staging habitats in a sophisticated manner, by adopting scale-related behavior with regard to the availability of food and refuge cover.     

辽河口海域浮游动物多样性及对河口环境的指示

于2013年8月（夏）、10月（秋）和2014年5月（春）在辽河口海域开展浮游动物多样性监测,研究了浮游动物种类组成和数量分布的时空变化特征,探讨了浮游动物多样性与河口盐度变化、富营养化等的关系。结果表明:辽河口海域浮游动物种类的季节更替明显,从夏季到秋季更替率为40.91%;从秋季到春季更替率为35.29%;夏季第一优势种为小拟哲水蚤（Paracalanus parvus）,春、秋季为双毛纺锤水蚤（Acartia bifilosa）。夏季浮游动物种（类）数明显高于春、秋季,由夏季阶段性浮游动物类群数增加所致,而桡足类的种类数季节间差异很小。春季浮游动物数量显著高于夏、秋季,其数量高达（6.4±1.3）×104 ind./m3,秋季数量最低为（5.5±0.6）×103 ind./m3。夏季多样性指数和均匀度指数高于春、秋季。浮游动物多样性的平面分布与盐度呈显著正相关,与无机氮和磷酸盐浓度显著负相关。河口指示性种类火腿伪镖水蚤（Pseudodiaptomus poplesia）的数量的平面分布与盐度呈显著负相关,与无机氮、磷酸盐浓度显著正相关。本研究能够为我国河口海域的生态监测和管理等提供参考依据。     

济南市水域鱼类功能群结构及其季节性变化

鱼类对于维护河流生态系统的稳定具有重要作用,季节性变化在一定程度上影响鱼类的群落结构.为了解济南市水域鱼类的功能群结构及其季节性差异,于2014年春季（5月）、夏季（8月）和秋季（11月）选取济南市水域的40个采样点对鱼类群落和水环境理化因子,通过单因素方差分析、多响应置换过程以及典范对应分析等方法,分析鱼类功能群在不同季节的差异性.结果表明:①春季共鉴定出鱼类5目7科26种,夏季为5目9科32种,秋季为5目7科20种.将鱼类按栖息水层、产卵类型、对环境的耐受性以及营养结构4个方面分为4种功能类群共11亚类.春季主要以植食性、底层与敏感种功能群为主,夏季主要以肉食性、中下层、耐污种、特殊产卵与粘性卵功能群为主,秋季主要以杂食性、浮性卵、中上层、耐污种功能群为主.②典范对应结果显示,影响粘性卵功能群、肉食性功能群、底层功能群以及敏感种功能群分布的驱动因子是ρ（DO）,电导率则是影响植食性功能群的驱动因子.研究显示,鱼类功能群的季节性变化受到内源性和外源性的共同影响,即鱼类自身生活习性和水环境因子季节性变化的共同影响.