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分析了 ISO1 4 0 0 0环境管理标准体系在西部大开发中的作用 ,指出西部地区在大力发展经济的同时 ,要大力推广 ISO1 4 0 0 0环境管理标准体系认证 ,从而促进西部地区经济持续、稳定、健康发展。 相似文献
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采用批处理实验方式,对"Fe0/优势脱氯菌"体系降解2,4,6-TCP过程进行研究,探讨了零价铁与微生物的协同作用及其机制.结果表明,Fe0对微生物具有促进生长和界面富集的作用,"Fe0/优势脱氯菌"体系菌浓度(D600表示)是单独优势脱氯菌体系的约1.7倍,反应96 h铁表面有大量细菌附着生长,其形态呈现短杆状或类球状;Fe0腐蚀产生的OH-对体系酸化起平衡调节作用,在pH值7.0、Fe0浓度5 g.L-1、2,4,6-TCP浓度30 mg.L-1的初始条件下,体系pH值稳定在7.8左右,有利于2,4,6-TCP还原脱氯反应的进行和优势脱氯菌的生长;2,4,6-TCP的主要降解路径为2,4,6-TCP→2,4-DCP→4-CP. 相似文献
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采用零价铁(Fe0)-厌氧微生物处理体系,以蒽醌染料活性艳蓝X-BR为处理对象,通过摇床试验研究了Fe0投加量、pH值等因素对染料脱色的影响,并对比了该染料在3种不同处理体系中的脱色效果.结果表明,在Fe0-厌氧微生物体系中,Fe0投加量和pH值均存在最适宜值,当两者分别控制在400mg/L和7,染料初始浓度和反应时间分别为100mg/L和68h时,该体系脱色率可达到90%以上;与相同反应条件下的纯Fe0、纯厌氧微生物体系相比,该体系的脱色率提高近40%.根据紫外-可见光谱分析,Fe0可有效促进厌氧微生物对X-BR及其中间产物的降解,实现完全脱色.其脱色符合准一级动力学,当染料初始浓度由50mg/L增至800mg/L时,反应速率常数k值由0.0470h-1降至0.0102h-1. 相似文献
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通过一系列培养实验,模拟了有机物在中国近海季节性缺氧环境沉积物-海水界面的降解过程.以中国近海典型的赤潮藻中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)为研究对象,对中肋骨条藻中的几种典型脂类生物标志物在不同程度缺氧海水-沉积物界面中的降解行为进行追踪.通过分析测定不同培养时间获取的不同含氧体系(氧饱和度100%、50%,25%和0%)中中肋骨条藻4种主要脂肪酸[14:0、16:0、16:1(7)、20:5]的含量,结果表明,在前2~3周4种脂肪酸迅速减少,之后则变化很慢甚至几乎不变.在不同含氧体系中4种脂肪酸的降解存在很大差异,14:0、16:1(7)、20:5经过两个月的培养,在4种不同含氧体系中几乎降解完全,而16:0在4种体系中剩余25%~35%.根据multi-G模型对4种脂肪酸降解进行定量描述,结果表明,每种化合物可以分为降解较快和较慢的部分,各化合物的平均降解速率常数k av范围在0.079~0.84 d-1,14:0与16:1(7)的降解在25%含氧体系中最快,在降解最快的体系中,14:0的k av是最慢体系(含氧50%)的2.3倍,16:1(7)的k av是最慢体系(含氧100%)的1.7倍;16:0的最快降解速率出现在无氧体系中(0.17 d-1),是最慢体系[50%含氧体系(0.079 d-1)]的2.1倍;20:5的降解速率常数则与含氧量呈正相关.结果表明,影响中国近海缺氧海区沉积物-海水界面中中肋骨条藻中脂肪酸降解的因素除了含氧量之外,有机化合物本身的结构和性质以及环境中微生物作用等对其降解也存在着很大影响. 相似文献
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简述全国首家“ISO 1 40 0 0国家示范区”———苏州新区建立环境管理体系的原则 ,体系的基本框架、基本特征、主要内容 ,以及体系运行后所取得的效果。 相似文献
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为探讨纳米Fe0粒子对产乙烯脱卤菌群脱氯性能和物种多样性的影响,采用纳米Fe0粒子与产乙烯脱卤菌群联合脱氯,并通过气相色谱、PCR-DGGE和TEM等技术手段进行相关表征.结果表明:当纳米Fe0粒子浓度为0~0.50 g·L-1时,体系的脱氯速率提高较小,低于40%,且菌种数量无明显变化;当其浓度为0.50~1.00 g·L-1时,体系的脱氯速率由0.31μmol·h-1提高到0.77μmol·h-1,体系的脱氯速率提高了60%,部分DGGE条带消失,多样性减少.TEM结果显示,产乙烯脱卤拟球菌在与纳米Fe0粒子接触部位有轻度破损,但细胞没有破裂.纳米Fe0粒子浓度较高时对产乙烯脱卤菌群的脱氯有明显的促进作用,但会使产乙烯脱卤菌群物种多样性减少. 相似文献
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从处理石化厂废水的活性污泥中分离出 1株荧光假单胞菌FS 1及处理焦化厂废水的活性污泥中分离出 1株铜绿假单胞菌FS 2和 1株短杆菌FS 3。研究了这 3株菌对邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的最适降解条件 ,比较了其降解特性。荧光假单胞菌FS 1、铜绿假单胞菌FS 2和短杆菌FS 3最适pH分别为 6 5~ 8 0 ,7 0~ 8 0和 7 0~ 8 0 ;温度为 2 0~ 3 5℃ ,1 5~ 3 5℃和 1 5~ 3 5℃。他们对邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的降解反应符合一级动力学特征 ,其半寿期 :荧光假单胞菌FS 1 <铜绿假单胞菌FS 2 <短杆菌FS 3 ;荧光假单胞菌FS 1是一株高效的邻苯二甲酸二辛酯降解菌。 更多还原 相似文献
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采用改进的BCR提取法,分析2009年11月采集的山东荣成天鹅湖表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr的环境赋存(酸可溶态、可还原态、可氧化态及残渣态);以污染系数法(CF)和次生相原生相分布比值法(RSP)对金属外源输入影响以及潜在的生物危害进行了分析。结果表明:Cu以可还原态和残渣态为主,各站位的潜在生物危害有差异;Pb的醋酸可提取态与可还原态达60.8%,生物可利用性强,具有较高的潜在生态危害;Zn和Cr主要以稳定的残渣态(分别为64.3%和57.1%)形式存在,同时受外源输入的影响也较轻微(CF<1),因而不具有环境危害。 相似文献
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Gabriela P. Mendes Vivian M.A. Magalhães Lélia C.R. Soares Rayanne M. Aranh Claudio A.O. Nascimento Marilda M.G.R. Viann Osvaldo Chiavone-Filho 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(4):67-77
Chemical oxidation was applied to an artificially contaminated soil with naphthalene (NAP). Evaluation of NAP distribution and mass reduction in soil, water and air phases was carried out through mass balance. Evaluation of NAP distribution and mass reduction in soil, water and air phases was carried out through mass balance. The importance of the air phase analysis was emphasized by demonstrating how NAP behaves in a sealed system over a 4 hr reaction period. Design of Experiments method was applied to the following variables: sodium persulfate concentration [SP], ferrous sulfate concentration [FeSO4], and pH. The system operated with a prefixed solid to liquid ratio of 1:2. The following conditions resulted in optimum NAP removal [SP] = 18.37 g/L, [FeSO4] = 4.25 g/L and pH = 3.00. At the end of the 4 hr reaction, 62% of NAP was degraded. In the soil phase, the chemical oxidation reduced the NAP concentration thus achieving levels which comply with Brazilian and USA environmental legislations. Besides the NAP partitioning view, the monitoring of each phase allowed the variabilities assessment over the process, refining the knowledge of mass reduction. Based on NAP distribution in the system, this study demonstrates the importance of evaluating the presence of semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds in the air phase during remediation, so that there is greater control of the system as to the distribution and presence of the contaminant in the environment. The results highlight the importance of treating the contaminant in all its phases at the contaminated site. 相似文献
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Based on the developed neural-fuzzy control system for anaerobic hybrid reactor (AHR) in wastewater treatment and biogas
production, the neural network with backpropagation algorithm for prediction of the variables pH, alkalinity (Alk) and total volatile
acids (TVA) at present day time t was used as input data for the fuzzy logic to calculate the influent feed flow rate that was applied
to control and monitor the process response at di erent operations in the initial, overload influent feeding and the recovery phases. In
all three phases, this neural-fuzzy control system showed great potential to control AHR in high stability and performance and quick
response. Although in the overloading operation phase II with two fold calculating influent flow rate together with a two fold organic
loading rate (OLR), this control system had rapid response and was sensitive to the intended overload. When the influent feeding rate
was followed by the calculation of control system in the initial operation phase I and the recovery operation phase III, it was found that
the neural-fuzzy control system application was capable of controlling the AHR in a good manner with the pH close to 7, TVA/Alk <
0.4 and COD removal > 80% with biogas and methane yields at 0.45 and 0.30 m3/kg COD removed. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2008,16(1):51-58
This work deals with the main contributions of human resource dimensions for the environmental management in a company. While the specialized literature concerning the technical aspects of environmental management expands, there is a gap in the bibliography: integrated approaches between human resource dimensions and environmental management. An extensive bibliographical review was undertaken in order to systematize the human resource dimensions and their contributions concerning the effectiveness of the environmental management system. A model that analyses the relationships between these dimensions and the typical phases of an environmental management system is presented, within a perspective of application for academicians and managers. 相似文献
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铜在沉积物各相中分配的实验模拟与数值模拟研究——以鄱阳湖为例 总被引:39,自引:1,他引:39
实测表明,在鄱阳湖沉积物各地球化学相中,铜主要赋存于有机相和水合铁锰氧化物相中。沉积物中各地球化学相的含量是金属离子在沉积物中分布的控制因子之一。 本研究通过模拟沉积物对Cu~(2+)的吸附实验求得了一定条件(pH、T℃)下模拟沉积物各相的条件平衡常数,并应用S.M.Oakley、Davies-Colley等所提出的经简化的分配模型,预测了铜在沉积物各地球化学相中的分配,所得结果与实测结果吻合。 相似文献
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人-机-环境系统是把人、机、环境作为武器系统中的要素,从总体角度对武器装备进行全面规划和控制.人-机-环境系统在武器装备研制中的应用,将改变以往武器装备分散、孤立的研究局面,它把武器装备研制推向一个新阶段.综述了武器装备研制的不同阶段应用人-机-环境系统的基本思路. 相似文献
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Wu Zhenbin Xia Yicheng Zhang Yongyuan Deng Jiaqi Chen Xitao Zhan Facui Wang Deming 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1994,6(1):13-20
PurificationandreclamationofwastewaterbyanintegratedbiologicalpondsystemWuZhenbin;XiaYicheng;ZhangYongyuan;DengJiaqi;ChenXita... 相似文献