调理剂对CAF污泥浓缩工艺影响的试验研究

涡凹气浮(CAF)已广泛应用于工业废水和城市污水的预处理中.由于污泥本身的特性原因,CAF在污泥处理中尚没有应用.通过试验投加污泥调理剂改变污泥的特性,以达到将CAF工艺用于浓缩活性污泥的目的.试验表明,CAF工艺浓缩低浓度剩余活性污泥效果很好,但正确选择污泥调理剂的投加点和投加量对CAF污泥浓缩工艺至关重要.     

调理剂对CAF污泥浓缩工艺影响的试验研究

涡凹气浮（CAF）已广泛应用于工业废水和城市污水的预处理中.由于污泥本身的特性原因,CAF在污泥处理中尚没有应用.通过试验投加污泥调理剂改变污泥的特性,以达到将CAF工艺用于浓缩活性污泥的目的.试验表明,CAF工艺浓缩低浓度剩余活性污泥效果很好,但正确选择污泥调理剂的投加点和投加量对CAF污泥浓缩工艺至关重要.     

涡凹气浮(CAF)/SBR法在高寒地区屠宰废水中的应用

采用涡凹气浮(CAF)和序批式活性污泥(SBR)法处理高寒地区屠宰废水,在冬季室温15℃以上培养的活性污泥完全适应该工艺的要求.经该工艺处理后,出水水质可达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级标准,COD、BOD5、SS、氨氮和TN去除率分别达到95.3%、96.7%、87.1%、63.3%和60.9%.     

小型CAF气浮设备处理滇池含藻水的试验研究

采用自制的小型涡凹型气浮(CAF)设备处理滇池含藻水,结果表明,在气浮时间为1min,分离时间为6min的条件下,聚硅硫酸铁铝(PFASSI)用量为40mg/L时,对藻类和浊度的净化效率最大分别为801%和786%;在聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的用量为2mg/L时,对藻类和浊度的净化效率分别为959%和932%。使用PFASSI(20mg/L)和PAM(1mg/L)的组合絮凝剂时,滇池含藻水的含藻量由557mg/L降到557mg/L,浊度由375度降到27度,二者的去除率分别为99%和928%。     

小型CAF气浮设备处理滇池含藻水的试验研究

采用自制的小型涡凹型气浮(CAF)设备处理滇池含藻水，结果表明，在气浮时间为1min，分离时间为6min的条件下，聚硅硫酸铁铝(PFASSI)用量为40mg／L时，对藻类和浊度的净化效率最大分别为80．1％和78．6％；在聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的用量为2mg／L时，对藻类和浊度的净化效率分别为95．9％和93．2％。使用PFASSI(20mg／L)和PAM(1mg／L)的组合絮凝剂时，滇池含藻水的含藻量由557mg／L降到5．57mg／L，浊度由375度降到27度，二者的去除率分别为99％和92．8％。     

Fenton-水解酸化-接触氧化处理模拟磷霉素钠制药废水

对模拟磷霉素钠制药废水进行Fenton-水解酸化-接触氧化小试处理实验,考察了COD、有机磷的去除效果,并对处理前后的废水进行了GC-MS分析。结果显示,增加了Fenton预处理后磷霉素钠制药废水的COD和有机磷分别降低到100和2 mg/L,去除率均可达87%以上,出水COD满足化学制药行业污染物排放标准(GB 21904-2008);Fenton过程对制药厂废水中的复杂有机物去除效果明显,GC-MS结果表明,出水中基本检测不到复杂有机物。与制药厂采用的水解酸化-接触氧化处理效果相比,增加Fenton预处理可以提高废水的可生化性和系统的处理效率。     

两级预处理/MBR工艺处理制药废水

湖北西北部某工业园已建成污水处理厂(反应沉淀/水解酸化/MBR工艺)以处理合成制药废水为主,由于其预处理段处理效果难以满足后续MBR工艺要求,导致出水水质不能达到国家相关标准,急需升级改造。针对该合成制药废水污染物成分复杂、污染当量大、冲击负荷高、可生物降解性差以及水量水质变化大等特点,采用铁碳微电解/水解酸化两级预处理工艺对该制药废水进行强化预处理,并建立两级预处理/MBR工艺进行小试实验,实验结果表明,铁碳投加量为400g·L~(-1),铁碳质量比为4∶5,HRT=3 h,pH=4,曝气量为3 L·min-1时,一级预处理效果较好,铁碳微电解对COD去除率达47.50%,废水可生化性由0.23提升到0.38;二级预处理水解酸化将废水可生化性由0.38提升至0.46,促使MBR工艺运行效果大幅提升,最终出水达到《化学合成类制药工业水污染排放标准》(GB 21904-2008)。     

铁炭微电解预处理高浓度高盐制药废水

采用铁炭微电解法预处理高浓度高盐制药废水,并对反应条件、处理效果、反应动力学和机理进行研究。通过单因素实验初步研究进水pH、铁用量、反应时间和铁炭比对处理效果的影响;通过正交实验表明进水pH对处理效果影响最大,并得到最佳反应条件为:进水pH为4.5,铁投加量40 g/L,铁炭质量比1∶1,反应时间4 h,COD去除率可达40%以上,并可以提高废水的可生化性,后续通过厌氧生物处理出水可达二级污水综合排放标准。通过对各级反应动力学方程进行回归分析,表明微电解处理制药废水基本遵循一级反应动力学。铁炭微电解处理制药废水效果好,并可以提高可生化性,同时具有操作简单和成本低的优点,为制药废水的预处理提供新的途径。     

硫酸卷曲霉素生产废水生化前预处理试验研究

对某厂硫酸卷曲霉素废水进行预处理试验,为水处理工程设计提供参考.选择混凝-气浮-水解酸化工艺组合作为预处理工艺,试验表明,依某厂硫酸卷曲霉素生产废水特征,以PAC为混凝剂、PAM为助凝剂,投药量分别为100和5 mg/L条件下,混凝-气浮单元的COD、BOD5和SS去除率分别在42.6%～48.7%、25.5%～40.8%和84.6%～92.6%之间;在水解酸化单元接种厌氧污泥,可以大大缩短污泥驯化时间,用经过14 d驯化时间的污泥处理气浮单元出水,HRT为16 h时,该单元的COD、BOD5去除率分别在8.4%～33.8%和5.0%～19.5%之间;气浮单元、水解酸化单元均提高了出水的可生化性.将混凝-气浮单元与水解酸化单元联合作为硫酸卷曲霉素生产废水的生化处理的前处理措施是可行的.     

混凝气浮-过滤法处理油田超稠油废水

辽河油田某配液站超稠油废水为成分十分复杂的有机混合物,对其采用混凝气浮-过滤工艺进行处理,同时改进压力溶气罐、释放器、气浮机和压力过滤器等设备,并对加药位置进行了优化选择,使该废水的处理取得了理想的效果,出水含油和SS均低于10 mg/L.     

Remediation potential of caffeine,oxybenzone, and triclosan by the salt marsh plants <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spartina maritima</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halimione portulacoides</Emphasis>

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have attracted increasing concern during the last decade because of their widespread uses and continuous release to the aquatic environment. This work aimed to study the distribution of caffeine (CAF), oxybenzone (MBPh), and triclosan (TCS) when they arrive in salt marsh areas and to assess their remediation potential by two different species of salt marsh plants: Spartina maritima and Halimione portulacoides. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory either in hydroponics (sediment elutriate) or in sediment soaked in elutriate, for 10 days. Controls without plants were also carried out. CAF, MBPh, and TCS were added to the media. In unvegetated sediment soaked in elutriate, CAF was mainly in the liquid phase (83%), whereas MBPh and TCS were in the solid phase (90% and 56%, respectively); the highest remediation was achieved for TCS (40%) and mainly attributed to bioremediation. The presence of plants in sediment soaked in elutriate-enhanced PPCPs remediation, decreasing CAF and TCS levels between approximately 20-30% and MBPh by 40%.. Plant uptake, adsorption to plant roots/sediments, and bio/rhizoremediation are strong hypothesis to explain the decrease of contaminants either in water or sediment fractions, according to PPCPs characteristics.     

Reduction of Cr(VI) by caffeic acid

In the soil-plant system, the Cr(VI) toxicity can be moderated through redox reactions involving phenolic substances. In such a context, we report the reducing activity of caffeic acid (CAF) towards Cr(VI) in aqueous phase. The redox reaction between Cr(VI) and CAF was studied as a function of both time and pH at different initial metal concentrations. The reaction was particularly effective at pH 2.5. The kinetic data indicate that the reaction proceeds through two steps: the first is faster and involves four electrons, the latter, which is slower, five electrons. The chromatograms evidence the formation of oxidation products (OP) with a different redox activity towards Cr(VI). A yield of Cr(III) equal to that obtained at pH 2.5 and pH 3.1 in about 7 and 25 h, respectively, was reached at pH 4.2 only after a much longer reaction time (50h). At pH>4.2 the reaction occurred even more slowly, and its kinetic trend was more and more difficult to study at pH values higher than 5.0 due to the formation of precipitates. Other phenolics investigated (o-, m-, p-coumaric acids) showed a reducing activity negligible compared to that of CAF: about 30% of p-coumaric acid was oxidized at pH 2.5 only after two months of reaction.     

Evaluation of PPCPs removal in a combined anaerobic digester-constructed wetland pilot plant treating urban wastewater

The removal efficiency of 16 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from urban wastewater (dissolved and particulate phases) was evaluated for the first time in a hybrid pilot plant consisting of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor followed by two sequentially connected horizontal flow constructed wetlands: a surface flow wetland (SF CW) and a subsurface flow wetland (SSF CW). Whereas the PPCP removal associated with the dissolved phase exhibited a seasonal pattern, the fraction associated with the suspended solids showed less seasonality. In the dissolved phase, the overall removal efficiency in summer ranged from 70% to 85% for salicylic acid (SAL), methyl dihydrojasmonate, caffeine (CAF), ketoprofen and triclosan, whereas in winter it declined for most of the PPCPs to between 30% and 50%, except for CAF and SAL (>80%) and carbamazepine and butylated hydroxyl toluene (11-18%). In the suspended solids, the removal exceeded 80% for most of the target PPCPs. The efficiency of the different treatment steps was also compound-dependent, but the SF CW generally exhibited the highest removal efficiency for most of the contaminants analyzed. The characterization of the organic matter retained in the wetland gravel beds revealed the occurrence of hydrophobic contaminants such as phthalate esters and fragrances at moderate concentrations (i.e., up to 3.5 μg kg⁻¹), which declined strongly over the course of the different treatment steps. In the SF CW, the net mass accumulation rates of tonalide and galaxolide were 4 and 23 g y⁻¹ respectively, whereas in the SSF CW they were 0.3 and 1.8 g y⁻¹ respectively.     

污泥基活性炭吸附Cu（2＋）的应用研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,以ZnCl2为活化剂制取污泥基活性炭。以此污泥基活性炭为吸附剂,对含Cu2＋的废水进行了吸附实验研究。考察了溶液pH值、Cu2＋的起始浓度对Cu2＋离子吸附量的影响;利用等温吸附实验作出吸附等温线,并考察了污泥基活性炭吸附剂吸附Cu2＋的动力学方程。实验结果表明,污泥基活性炭对Cu2＋具有良好的吸附性能。吸附的最佳pH值为5;吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,吸附为优惠吸附,吸附量随着吸附质溶液浓度的增加而增大;吸附平衡时间为4 h,吸附动力学符合二级动力学方程。     

污泥基活性炭吸附Cu2+的应用研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料，以ZnCl₂为活化剂制取污泥基活性炭。以此污泥基活性炭为吸附剂，对含Cu²⁺的废水进行了吸附实验研究。考察了溶液pH值、Cu²⁺的起始浓度对Cu²⁺离子吸附量的影响；利用等温吸附实验作出吸附等温线，并考察了污泥基活性炭吸附剂吸附Cu²⁺的动力学方程。实验结果表明，污泥基活性炭对Cu²⁺具有良好的吸附性能。吸附的最佳pH值为5；吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程，吸附为优惠吸附，吸附量随着吸附质溶液浓度的增加而增大；吸附平衡时间为4 h，吸附动力学符合二级动力学方程。     

高铁酸盐氧化降解水中苯酚的动力学及机理研究

以自制高铁酸钾(K₂FeO₄)为原料，探讨了影响高铁酸盐氧化降解苯酚的主要因素，并研究了苯酚降解的动力学特征和反应机理。结果表明，高铁酸盐加入量、pH值、持续搅拌、反应温度、反应时间都影响苯酚去除效果。其中高铁酸盐加入量是影响苯酚去除效果的关键因素，高铁酸盐氧化降解苯酚的最佳pH值范围为9～10，持续搅拌和提高反应温度只影响苯酚降解速率而不影响苯酚降解率。苯酚的降解过程遵循一级反应动力学模型。苯酚被高铁酸盐氧化生成CO₂、H₂O以及一部分难矿化的有机物。     

废印制线路板真空热解渣分选与组成分析的研究

在自行设计制备的真空热解炉中进行了废印制线路板的热解实验，得到固体、液体和气体产物。着重研究了热解固体渣中金属铜和非金属玻璃纤维的物理分选、热解固体渣分析及有氧煅烧对玻璃纤维纯度的影响。结果表明，物理分选效率很高，金属铜的回收率和纯度接近100%；热解固体渣含30.35%的铜、56.21%的玻璃纤维和13.45%的炭黑；有氧煅烧去除炭黑可得到高纯度的玻璃纤维。     

大孔树脂吸附去除水中的2,4,6-三硝基甲苯

研究了2种大孔树脂XAD-4和NDA-804对水中的TNT的吸附行为。2种树脂对TNT的吸附等温线表明,温度的升高有利于吸附,在35℃条件下XAD-4树脂与NDA-804树脂对TNT的最高平衡吸附量分别达82.86 mg/g和94.26mg/g。采用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程用于吸附等温线的解释,结果表明,吸附等温线更加符合Langmuir模型,相关系数均大于0.99。TNT在2种树脂上的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,TNT初始浓度越低,达到吸附平衡所需时间越短,在1 h内可达到吸附平衡。采用NDA-804处理对TNT废水,废水中TNT浓度由103.58 mg/L降至0.4 mg/L,去除率达99.6%,吸附后的树脂采用pH=2的乙醇和盐酸的混合液脱附可再生,高浓度再生溶液经蒸馏可回收TNT,实现了废水治理与资源化。