利用光合细菌降解有机废水中硫化物的初步研究

主要研究了光合细菌对废水中硫化物的降解作用，实验表明，光合细菌对各种浓度的含硫有机废水脱硫效果明显，且在厌氧光照条件下处理效果更好，因此，可望利用光合细菌去除污水中的硫。     

固定化PSB细胞技术研究及应用

采用吸附法及聚集－交联固定化紫色非硫光合细菌混合菌株(PSB),用于处理印染废水及含酚废水。PSB在光照厌氧条件下,易于吸附在吸时性能强、表面粗糙、多孔的载体上,并能承受较强水力冲刷。聚集－交联PSB固定化细胞经解毒活化后,酶活性增高,脱氢酶活力高于自然细胞1～1．5倍,脱色速度增快30％。      

海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇包埋固定化技术对紫色非硫光合细菌脱氢酶活性影响的试验研究

采用两种包埋载体--海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇对紫色非硫光合细菌进行了固定化,研究了这两种包埋剂包埋固定化技术对紫色非硫光合细菌性能及脱氢酶活性的影响,并确定了其最佳固定化条件.     

固定化PSB处理亚硫酸钠造纸废水

在序批式活性污泥法(SBR)生物反应器内投加固定化紫色非硫光合细菌(PSB)及其他异养菌以提高生物难降解物质的去除效率.采用聚集-交联固定法将高效优势菌固定于已驯化的活性污泥上处理亚硫酸钠造纸混合废水.结果表明,在好氧条件下稳定运行时COD_Cr去除率为70%左右,木质素去除率为75%.与传统生化法相比,固定化PSB-SBR系统处理效果好,启动快,耐冲击负荷,停留时间短,操作管理方便,在实际工程中具有广阔的应用前景.     

光合细菌对高浓度味精废水处理效果的影响

主要是在改进型SBR反应器中利用光合细菌来处理味精废水,即在传统的SBR反应器中加入半软性填料,研究光合细菌的两种代谢方式对味精废水COD的去除率影响和从味精废水生物处理反应器活性污泥和生物膜中富集分离光合细菌,结合光合细菌的细胞结构特点和代谢方式讨论其对活性污泥絮凝性能的影响。研究结果表明:在黑暗系统中,处理味精废水活性污泥絮凝性能较光照系统中的活性污泥絮凝性能相对有较大的提高;在黑暗条件下,光合细菌被强制进行有氧呼吸代谢方式,这样可以提高味精废水生物处理构筑物的有机物降解速率,出水COD优于光照好氧条件下的出水也比较清亮,有机物的去除率也有所提高。     

光合细菌对2,4,6-三氯苯酚的降解特性研究

研究了混合光合细菌PSB-DR在不同光照、接种量和pH值下对2,4,6-三氯苯酚(2,4,6-TCP)的生物降解特性,确定了PSB-DR生物降解2,4,6-TCP的优化控制条件.结果表明,光照培养下,接种量30%,初始pH值7.0时2,4,6-TCP降解效率最高.在此条件下,50mg/L的2,4,6-TCP经5d后降解率达到82.3%.培养基中醋酸钠的加入对2,4,6-TCP降解有明显的抑制作用.PSB-DR静息细胞对2,4,6-TCP的降解符合高浓度底物抑制的酶促反应类型,其降解动力学参数rmax=1.746h-1,Km=38.333mg/L,Ki=260.87mg/L.     

锰离子掺杂纳米二氧化钛的制备及在造纸废水处理中的应用

以无机盐无水四氯化钛为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的锰离子掺杂型纳米TiO2作为光催化剂,在高压汞灯的光源照射下对河北省某造纸厂废水进行光催化降解。考察Mn2+/TiO2光催化剂的热处理温度、掺杂量、用量及溶液pH值、光照时间等因素对废水COD降解率的影响。实验结果表明:经460℃热处理1h的Mn2+/TiO2光催化效果较好,在进水ρ(COD)为400 mg/L,初始pH值为4.0、光催化剂用量1.5g/L、光照时间9h条件下,COD去除率可达80.3%。经深度处理的造纸废水,可实现达标排放。     

抗生素废水批量处理的pH调控及其影响

在不同pH水平下进行了抗生素废水的批量处理,试验结束时利用扫描电镜(SEM)、荧光原位杂交-流式细胞术联用技术(FISH-FCM)分析了不同pH条件下获得的降解菌群中酵母和细菌的构成,基于Biolog方法比较了不同降解菌群的代谢多样性,并考察了降解菌群构成的变化对抗生素废水批量处理效果的影响.结果表明,批量处理过程的pH调控显著影响了降解菌群中酵母和细菌的比例,并进而影响了废水处理效果.当批量处理过程的pH值分别控制在4～5、5～6、6.5～7.5时,降解菌群中酵母构成比例分别达到88.20%、54.43%、1.75%,同时细菌的构成比例相应呈逆向变化;Biolog FF微平板分析表明,3种pH条件下的降解菌群具有类似的代谢多样性,但酵母占优势时降解菌群的代谢活性较低;随着酵母比例的下降或细菌比例的上升,批量处理的COD去除率分别为34.8%、44.8%和61.2%.     

应用光合细菌处理味精废水

应用光合细菌处理高浓度有机废水是一项废水生物处理新技术。该文对该技术在味精废水上的应用进行了初探。试验在各种处理条件下,光合细菌对废水中COD_(cr)的降解情况,并提出了处理工艺流程。     

优势降解菌-光照-铁矿粉联用对高浓度2,4,6-三氯苯酚废水的降解特性

研究了Bacillus cereus WTXJ1-16优势降解菌在不同降解时间、接种量、降解温度、初始pH和转速下对2,4,6-三氯苯酚(2,4,6-TCP)的降解特性,初步考察了优势降解菌-光照-铁矿粉联用下对2,4,6-TCP的降解效果。结果表明:浓度为10~8~10~9cfu/m L的WTXJ1-16菌株对初始浓度为100 mg/L的2,4,6-TCP废水的适宜降解条件是接种量为8%(体积分数)、37℃、初始pH 7.5、转速150 r/min和降解60 h。优势降解菌-光照-天然铁矿粉联用实验结果表明,有菌有矿组中光照和黑暗条件下的2,4,6-TCP降解率分别为68.6%和49.4%,比有菌无矿组高出10.3,6.3个百分点,比有矿无菌组高出了60.4,43.0个百分点,说明优势降解菌-光照-天然铁矿粉联用对高浓度2,4,6-TCP废水具有良好降解效果,光照和矿粉对WTXJ1-16优势降解菌具有协同促进作用。     

Mg2+ improves biomass production from soybean wastewater using purple non-sulfur bacteria

Soybean wastewater was used to generate biomass resource by use of purple non-sulfur bacteria(PNSB). This study investigated the enhancement of PNSB cell accumulation in wastewater by Mg2+under the light-anaerobic condition. Results showed that with the optimal Mg2+dosage of 10 mg/L, biomass production was improved by 70% to 3630 mg/L,and biomass yield also was improved by 60%. Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) removal reached above 86% and hydraulic retention time was shortened from 96 to 72 hr. The mechanism analysis indicated that Mg2+could promote the content of bacteriochlorophyll in photosynthesis because Mg2+is the bacteriochlorophyll active center, and thus improved adenosine triphosphate(ATP) production. An increase of ATP production enhanced the conversion of organic matter in wastewater into PNSB cell materials(biomass yield) and COD removal, leading to more biomass production. With 10 mg/L Mg2+, bacteriochlorophyll content and ATP production were improved by 60% and 33% respectively.     

Mg2+ improves biomass production from soybean wastewater using purple non-sulfur bacteria

Soybean wastewater was used to generate biomass resource by use of purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB). This study investigated the enhancement of PNSB cell accumulation in wastewater by Mg²⁺ under the light-anaerobic condition. Results showed that with the optimal Mg²⁺ dosage of 10 mg/L, biomass production was improved by 70% to 3630 mg/L, and biomass yield also was improved by 60%. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal reached above 86% and hydraulic retention time was shortened from 96 to 72 hr. The mechanism analysis indicated that Mg²⁺ could promote the content of bacteriochlorophyll in photosynthesis because Mg²⁺ is the bacteriochlorophyll active center, and thus improved adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. An increase of ATP production enhanced the conversion of organic matter in wastewater into PNSB cell materials (biomass yield) and COD removal, leading to more biomass production. With 10 mg/L Mg²⁺, bacteriochlorophyll content and ATP production were improved by 60% and 33% respectively.     

Mg improves biomass production from soybean wastewater using purple non-sulfur bacteria

Soybean wastewater was used to generate biomass resource by use of purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB). This study investigated the enhancement of PNSB cell accumulation in wastewater by Mg^2 + under the light-anaerobic condition. Results showed that with the optimal Mg^2 + dosage of 10 mg/L, biomass production was improved by 70% to 3630 mg/L, and biomass yield also was improved by 60%. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal reached above 86% and hydraulic retention time was shortened from 96 to 72 hr. The mechanism analysis indicated that Mg^2 + could promote the content of bacteriochlorophyll in photosynthesis because Mg^2 + is the bacteriochlorophyll active center, and thus improved adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. An increase of ATP production enhanced the conversion of organic matter in wastewater into PNSB cell materials (biomass yield) and COD removal, leading to more biomass production. With 10 mg/L Mg^2 +, bacteriochlorophyll content and ATP production were improved by 60% and 33% respectively.     

SBR法处理啤酒废水和味精废水进水方式的研究

采用SBR法处理啤酒废水和味精废水 ,研究了不同进水方式对SBR法处理效果的影响。试验结果表明 :啤酒废水采用限制曝气进水效果较好 ,瞬时进水和限制曝气进水效果相当 ;味精废水采用非限制曝气进水效果较好。通过动力学分析认为 :SBR反应器内的反应在限制曝气进水条件下以推流式进行 ,在非限制曝气进水条件下具有完全混合式的特点。     

啤酒生产工艺废水治理

根据啤酒生产废水产生源分析，啤酒生产废水中主要污染因子COD浓度约为2250mg/L，其BOD：COD比值一般在0．67-0．8之间，大于0。3，具有良好的生化性。针对废水这一特点，提出了采用CASS法处理该啤酒生产污水，结果表明该治理工艺技术可行。经济合理，可实现啤酒生产废水达标排放，处理后该啤酒废水达到DB21-60-89《辽宁省污水与废气排放标准》要求。     

气升式内循环接触氧化生物反应器处理啤酒废水的研究

在接触氧化法处理啤酒废水的基础上 ,增加内循环装置 ,并与无内循环接触氧化法进行比较研究。分别用间歇处理废水的方法考察了这两种情况下废水CODCr的降解速率和去除率。并在此基础上进行了 90多天的连续运行 ,取得了较好的效果。结果表明 ,增加内循环装置 ,可以强化气 -液传质 ,提高啤酒废水的处理效率     

Comparative study of polyhydroxyalkanoates production from acidified and anaerobically treated brewery wastewater using enriched mixed microbial culture

The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHA) from wastewaters using microbial mixed cultures(MMC) has been attracting increased interest because of PHA's biodegradability characteristics. Production of PHA by an MMC enriched with PHA-accumulating bacteria was compared using anaerobically treated and acidified brewery wastewaters under various feeding strategies, namely pulse and batch feed addition. To obtain an enriched MMC, a sequencing batch reactor was inoculated with activated sludge fed with acetate and subjected to aerobic dynamic feeding. The enriched MMC was able to accumulate PHA up to 72.6% of cell dry weight(CDW) with pulse addition of acetate controlled by the dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration in the reactor. In a batch accumulation experiment with acetate,the PHA content achieved(28.5% CDW) was less than that of the pulse feeding strategy with the same amount of acetate(～2000 mg C/L). Using anaerobically treated and acidified brewery wastewater fed in pulses, the maximum PHA accumulated by the enriched MMC was similar for both wastewaters(45% CDW), in spite of the higher volatile fatty acid concentration in acidified brewery wastewater. The pulse feed addition controlled by the DO concentration was difficult to implement for wastewater as compared to acetate because the difference in DO concentration between substrate availability and depletion was low. For the batch addition of acidified wastewater, a slightly lower PHA content(39%CDW) was obtained. These results show that both brewery wastewaters can be utilized for PHA production with a similar maximum PHA storage capacity.     

啤酒废水处理系统高效菌株的分离筛选与分析

从啤酒废水处理系统SBR池中取得的水样,分离纯化得到菌株35株,分别以进站原水和水解酸化池出水作为污水培养基,进行COD降解试验,复筛后分别得到3株COD降解率高且降解效果稳定的细菌12#,15#,23#与15#,25#,31#。将高效菌株与SBR池的活性污泥混合,考察其对啤酒废水的处理效果,结果表明,23#与活性污泥交互作用时在原水污水培养基中摇床培养16h COD降解率达到75.13%;25#与活性污泥交互作用处理水解酸化池出水120h时降解率达到82.40%。对4株高效菌株15#,23#,25#,31#进行16S rDNA序列测定,将所得序列与GenBank中已登录的相近细菌种群的DNA序列对比,得到高度同源性的细菌菌种。     

啤酒废水处理技术的生产性应用

高浓度啤酒废水进行厌氧处理后 ,再与低浓度啤酒废水混合进行好氧处理 ,是一条经济合理的技术路线。采用以升流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB)和周期循环活性污泥系统 (CASS)为主的技术处理啤酒废水 ,工程应用表明该工艺技术具有先进实用的明显特征 ,能够有效的处理高浓度啤酒废水 ,处理水质稳定达到啤酒工业废水排放标准