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以南京市为例,依托机动车环保监管数据库,根据国家机动车排放模型CVEM计算出黄标车主要污染物一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧化物及颗粒物的年排放量,并系统回顾了近年来为控制黄标车污染所采取的区域限行、淘汰奖补和治理改造等针对性管理措施,分析了政策实施的进展及成效,进一步明确了黄标车治理的必要性。 相似文献
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随着城镇化和工业化的快速发展,长江三角洲地区饮用水水源水质安全引起了社会普遍关注。其中,重金属污染是该地区饮用水安全和水生态健康的重要隐患。因此,选取长三角地区107个县级以上集中式生活饮用水水源地为研究对象,分析该地区2017—2022年6种重金属(铜、锌、铅、砷、汞、镉)的总体污染状况和时空分布特征,并开展人体健康风险和生态风险评估。结果表明:长三角地区水源地水质总体良好,6种重金属污染程度总体较低。砷、铜、锌在河流型水源地中的浓度水平均高于湖库型水源地,而镉、汞、铅在湖库型水源地则相对更高,水源地重金属浓度水平受季节变化影响不大。砷、汞的生态风险较低,锌、铅、镉处于中低风险水平,铜主要处于中风险水平,但是每年均有部分水源地出现高风险。铜、锌、铅、汞、镉不会对人体产生非致癌健康风险,但是砷可能产生潜在的非致癌风险。砷、铅的致癌风险指数为10-6~10-4,可能具有潜在致癌风险。镉与污水排放有一定的相关性,砷的来源可能主要与自然地质等因素有关。综上,长三角地区饮用水水源地重金属污染环境风险管理的主要对象是铜、砷、铅。 相似文献
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分析了太湖流域农村面源污染现状、调查方法、治理技术及过往的环境管理经验,指出近年来的治污工作虽然有效控制了城镇点源污染,但对经济基础相对薄弱的乡村地区面源污染的治理效果仍然不佳.基于太湖流域农村面源污染治理在技术层面已经形成的以分散式污水处理设施净化乡村生活污水、以径流截污工程治理暴雨径流污染、以源头减排和污染截留技术治理农业生产污染的系统化体系,提出了将面源污染治理与农村产业优化、基建升级、高标准农田建设、生态湿地推广等目标相结合,在多要素协同/权衡的思路下加强环境治理技术与政治经济领域融合等研究展望. 相似文献
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长沙市环境空气污染状况、原因分析和控制对策探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
应用多年的环境监测数据,对长沙市环境空气污染状况、原因进行了较详细的分析和探讨.长沙市环境空气主要污染物是二氧化硫和尘类污染.并对上述两项污染物的控制提出了切实可行的方案. 相似文献
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江苏省城市环境空气中PM10污染状况分析与防治对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
司蔚 《甘肃环境研究与监测》2002,15(4):249-250
可吸入颗粒物(PM10)是空气中悬浮的细小颗粒,对人体的健康危害很大。本文作者在分析2001年江苏省城市环境空气中PM10污染状况的基础上,提出了其污染防治的对策与建议。 相似文献
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苏北农村主要水体氮磷污染及防治 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
杨斌 《环境监测管理与技术》1997,9(3):19-21
由于大量使用化肥及排放各类污水已造成苏经农村主要水体搂磷严重污染,并具有氮素富营养型及水文期变化特征。防治污染的方法是采用一些针对性措施对污染严重水域进行直接治理;加强监测,掌握污染动态,推广测土配方的施肥技术;加强对各类污水的治理。 相似文献
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固体废物排放统计对象应覆盖固体废物从原材料到最终处置的整个生命周期的各个环节(机构),即矿业--加工制造业--产品流通领域--用户--固体废物收运体系--固体废物中间处理厂--固体废物最终处置场.统计指标体系包括固体废物排放统计指标和排放管理指标;统计指标区分为指标、主要参数和辅助参数,既便于理解也便于管理.根据固体废物排放量和已知的固体废物资源化技术,对固体废物重新分类、统计并分类填埋,以便将来实现再利用.固体废物排放控制统计的对象主要是规模以上的污染源,实施统计的污染源的规模应当是全国统一的. 相似文献
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用金矿废渣样品进行氰化物的浸提试验,对浸提剂的pH值、浸提次数等条件进行优化。经实际样品验证,确定pH值〉12的碱性水溶液为最佳浸提剂,浸出液中易释放氰化物和总氰化物可用硝酸银滴定法或异烟酸一巴比妥酸分光光度法测定,方法检出限分别为0.25mg/L、0.001mg/L,加标回收率为90.0%~92.0%,测定结果的RSD〈8%。 相似文献
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This paper provides an overview of the trend of generation, composition, and management of municipal solid waste, and estimates
the carbon emissions arising from municipal solid waste management in Beijing. The correlation analysis conducted shows that
the generation of municipal solid waste in Beijing has been growing steadily, showing high correlations (r > 0.9) to the total GDP, per capita income, and the population. Food waste showed an increasing trend since 1990. Compared
with the results of an investigation in 1990, ash and woodchips content in 2003 declined from 56% to 17%, while the percentage
of paper and plastic increased from 10% to 29% over the same period. The calorific value of the municipal waste also increased,
from 2,686 kJ/kg in 1990 to 4,667 kJ/kg in 2003, indicating that the waste is suitable for incineration. Currently, the source
separation ratio of municipal waste is approximately 15%. About 94% of all the collected solid waste goes to the landfill
while 4% is composted and 2% is incinerated. A moderate garbage collection fee is applied to both permanent and temporary
residents in Beijing, but the willingness to pay for solid waste collection and treatment is still low. Under current treatment
mode, the total amounts of carbon emission from waste disposal sites and incineration increased with the increase of municipal
solid waste, from 29.8 Gg in 1990 to 84.5 Gg in 2003, including 83.3 Gg of CH4 and 22.0 Gg of CO2. The data availability and methodological challenges in monitoring the quantity and characteristics of municipal solid waste
are discussed. 相似文献
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浅议现代垃圾填埋场的大气污染及监测分析方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
造成垃圾填埋场大气污染的两大类污染物,其对环境、人体、动植物、器物和材料都有一定的危害,文章针对现代垃圾填埋场的大气环境污染,以硫化氢、氨、甲硫醇等重点大气污染因子为监测对象,结合实践总结了一部分垃圾填埋场的大气污染监测方案,包括布点原则、采样频率和时间、采样方法和分析技术,该监测方案可为现代垃圾填埋场的大气污染监测提供参考. 相似文献
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采用常规酸消化方法分解锑渣和铋渣固体废弃物试样.处理后的消解液直接用ICP—AES法同时测定了Cu、Ph、Mn、Cr、Ni、和Zn等多种重金属元素。方法的精密度和准确度较好,适合于常规固体环境样品的分析。 相似文献
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Relation of waste generation and composition to socio-economic factors: a case study 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Bandara NJ Hettiaratchi JP Wirasinghe SC Pilapiiya S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):31-39
To develop an effective waste management strategy for a given region, it is important to know the amount of waste generated
and the composition of the waste stream. Past research has shown that the amount of waste generated is proportional to the
population and the average mean living standards or the average income of the people. In addition, other factors may affect
the amount and composition of waste. These are climate, living habits, level of education, religious and cultural beliefs,
and social and public attitudes. This paper presents the findings of a study carried out in a suburban municipal area in Sri
Lanka to determine the solid waste generation rate and waste composition based on field surveys and to determine the related
socio-economic factors. A database was developed that included information on the quantity and composition of waste generated
in a sample of households in the study area over a time period. The collected data was analysed to relate waste generation
and composition data to various socio-economic factors. Over 400 sample households were selected for the study using a stratified
random sampling methodology based on municipal wards and property values. A technique that considers both the number of households
in a particular income group (property value range) and the standard deviation of property values within a given income group
was used to determine the appropriate sample size for each municipal ward. Through category and regression analyses, the quantities
of waste and waste composition were related to several socio-economic factors. The paper describes the basis for the sample
selection, the methodology adopted for data collection, the socio-economic parameters used for the analysis, and the relationships
developed from the analysis. 相似文献
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