燃煤电厂建设过程中的水土保持设计方案探讨

通过介绍燃煤电厂建设中水土保持方案的主要工作内容，阐述了燃煤电厂水土保持状况的一般特点和水土流失治理的常见方案，说明了对项目区水土流失状况的分析和预测以及合理分区，分类指导，建立不同时期的防治措施体系在燃煤火电厂水土保持设计方案中的重要性。     

广东省惠州LNG电厂水土保持措施

通过对广东省惠州LNG电厂2个候选厂址工程概况和自然环境的分析，论述了电厂建设导致的水土流失及其特征和可能造成的危害，并提出相应的工程和植物措施，为电厂的安全生产、保护生态环境提出科学的理论依据。     

沿海电厂建设中的水土流失及其防治

在总结广东沿海地区水土流失现状，成因的基础上，分析了沿海地区电厂建设特征及其建设过程中的水土流失现象，提出了相应的治理措施。     

电厂中水回用工程设计与分析

介绍了山西某电厂中水回用工程的工艺流程及设计参数.该工程采用机械加速澄清池、D型滤池、二氧化氯消毒工艺处理污水处理厂二级出水,出水作为补给水供给电厂循环冷却系统.运行结果表明,该工艺设计合理,出水各项指标均能满足回用要求；建设和运行费用低,为类似中水回用工程的设计与运行提供参考.     

脱硫石灰石粉生产线设计及应用

以姚孟电厂脱硫石灰石制粉工程为例，介绍了水泥粉磨技术在电厂脱硫剂制粉中的应用。运行结果表明，系统运行良好、效率高、能耗低，可作为电厂脱硫石灰石制粉的专门技术。     

电厂筒仓安全惰化保护装置的研制运用

贮煤筒仓的安全性能关系着电厂的安全运行,为解决筒仓可燃气体浓度增高而导致爆炸问题,可将惰性气体氮气通入筒仓内稀释和置换可燃气体。分析了电厂筒仓安全惰化保护系统的配置及运行情况,为电厂筒仓安全惰化保护装置设计和应用提供参考。     

往复式柱塞水泵故障及处理

介绍三河电厂往复式柱塞水泵运行中出现故障及处理过程,为脱硫系统中此类泵的运行维护提供参考.     

燃煤锅炉干排渣配套气力输渣一体化系统的设计与应用

以华能大连电厂为例,阐述了干式排渣、气力输渣一体化系统的特点、优势及运行后的不足与对策,实践证明,此系统的应用,能达到燃煤电厂节能减排的环保目的.     

广东河源电厂循环水高浓缩倍率试验研究及工程应用

循环冷却系统浓缩排污水是电厂最大的排污水,是节水减排和废水零排放的关键问题之一。以河源电厂为例,分析了电厂进水水质条件;选用了5种水稳剂,采取极限碳酸盐硬度计算浓缩倍率的方法,通过静动态阻垢、防腐与杀菌试验,探明了各种药剂的极限浓缩倍率,论证了河源电厂循环冷却系统10倍以上的浓缩倍率运行方式的可行性。按试验所确定的原则,河源电厂循环冷却水系统按10倍的浓缩倍率运行,一年来未出现腐蚀与结垢现象。分析了实际运行期间的运行数据,对我国循环冷却水处理、节约用水、减少排污具有一定的示范意义。     

石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统节能降耗探讨

为探讨石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统节能降耗措施，结合杨柳青电厂4×300 MW机组石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统的长期运行工况，在分析机组负荷、燃煤硫分、脱硫效率及石膏品质等因素对电耗、水耗及石灰石粉消耗量的影响规律基础上，主要从FGD系统运行方式调整、设备改造升级、运行维护管理提升等方面总结提出了FGD系统的节电、节水及节粉技术与管理措施。为脱硫系统的经济优质运行提供可靠保障，在兼顾环保、社会效益的同时，有望进一步降低电厂的脱硫成本。     

滨海电厂的景观美化与生态环境建设

以拟建的深圳某电厂为研究对象，从美化景观、生态环境改善、水土保持、防灾浅灾、提高人与自然的亲和性等角度出发，提出了具体的绿化、美化建设方案。     

Forestry best management practices for timber harvesting and site preparation in the eastern United States: An overview of water quality and productivity research during the past 20 years (1982–2002)

Forestry Best Management Practices (BMPs) were developed to protect water quality. In the eastern US, those BMPs were often expanded to include maintenance of site productivity. Generally, BMPs recommend the use of pre-harvest planning and careful design for construction of roads and other activities that expose bare soil, minimizing trafficking and areas of bare soil, maintaining streamside management zones, ensuring rapid revegetation following harvesting, minimizing soil disturbance, and ameliorating severe trafficking with site preparation. This review of peer-reviewed research from the past 20 years examined the effects of forest harvesting and site preparation on water quality and site productivity in the eastern US. The review was subdivided into areas having relatively similar physiography and land management (New England, Lake States, Appalachian Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Blue Ridge, Piedmont, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Gulf Coastal Plain, and Ouachitas-Ozarks). In general, data from steeper physiographic regions indicated that forest harvesting and site preparation can increase erosion, sediment and nutrient losses to streams. However, the quantities introduced into streams tended to be relatively low, generally below the values that are considered acceptable for alternative land uses. Also most research indicated that water quality recovers within two to five years following forest operation disturbances, particularly if BMPs are employed. Research from the less mountainous and often more poorly drained Lake States and Coastal Plain regions indicated that soil compaction and rutting may or may not cause site productivity effects, depending on soil types, natural ameliorative properties and site preparation. Overall, the research supports the forestry BMPs recommended in the eastern states.     

Prediction of Soil and Nutrient Losses in A Highland Catchment

Highland catchments in tropical regions are frequently subjected to soil erosion and the transport of chemicals downstream. Any drastic changes in land use will increase the severity of these processes of land degradation. A simulation study using GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems) was conducted at a catchment presently under tea farming in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Soil, water and nutrient transport associated with several alternative land uses was studied. In addition, the effect of a disruptive form of land clearing on soil, water and nutrient losses was also investigated. Modelling with GLEAMS required information from field measurements and observations, laboratory analyses, guide tables, industry records, maps and reports published by soil survey and meteorological departments. The most critical step in simulating soil and water movement using GLEAMS is the identification of a representative flow sequence. In the catchment under study, the representative flow sequence was overland flow–channel 1–channel 2. Input data on soil erodibility, porosity and surface roughness were manipulated to represent various degrees and forms of disturbance to the surface soil layer. For all land uses studied, the highest soil loss was predicted for the overland flow area where slope gradient is high and the soil friable. The variations in soil loss, runoff and nutrient loss between landscape elements and between land uses were consistent with soil erosion features observed in the field. Soil and nutrient losses were substantial for crops such as cabbage that required land shaping activities and frequent ploughing of the soil. Predicted data on enrichment ratio of specific surface (ERSS) are consistent with nutrient enrichment processes in the field and could prove to be useful in studies on chemical transport in highland catchments.     

输电线路建设项目水土保持方案编制的几点认识

针对输电建设项目的特点,阐述了输电线路与一般线形建设项目水土保持方案的不同之处,提出了输电线路水土保持方案编制的程序、内容及方法.     

石横一期烟囱冲洗水及排液系统改造

介绍了石横电厂一期烟气脱硫技改项目中烟囱及入口烟道排液系统改造情况，论述了烟囱及烟道排液系统改造要点、运行方式，提出了烟囱排液系统的改造方案。     

Using Fallout Lead-210 Measurements to Estimate Soil Erosion in Three Small Catchments in Southern Italy

Soil erosion and associated off-site environmental impacts have attracted increasing attention in recent decades, and there is a growing need for reliable information on rates of soil loss. The potential for using ¹³⁷Cs fallout to quantify rates and patterns of soil redistribution over medium-term timescales (ca. 45 years) has been successfully demonstrated in a wide range of environments around the world. The similar behaviour of fallout ²¹⁰Pb in soils offers potential for its use as an alternative to ¹³⁷Cs, in areas where ¹³⁷Cs inventories are low or are complicated by additional fallout from the Chernobyl accident. There have, however, to date been few attempts to validate the use of fallout ²¹⁰Pb measurements for assessing erosion rates. This paper reports an attempt to explore the use of fallout ²¹⁰Pb to estimate rates of water-induced soil erosion on uncultivated land. It focuses on three small forest/rangeland catchments located in Calabria, southern Italy, for which measurements of sediment output are available. Comparison of the estimates of net soil loss from the catchments derived from ²¹⁰Pb measurements with the measured sediment output, confirmed the validity of the ²¹⁰Pb approach. The soil redistribution rates estimated using ²¹⁰Pb measurements were also consistent with equivalent estimates obtained for the same study catchments using ¹³⁷Cs measurements.     

混床在电厂除盐水处理中的设计探讨

结合天津第一热电厂给水处理技改工程,对利用河水处理后用于锅炉补给水除盐工艺中混床的原理和操作运行作了具体分析,对混床设计中需注意的事项进行了探讨,为电厂除盐水处理设计运行提供参考.     

Initial Changes in Refilled Lysimeters Built with Metal Polluted Topsoil and Acidic or Calcareous Subsoils as Indicated by Changes in Drainage Water Composition

Soil translocation for recultivation of soil removed from construction sites and for the preparation of refilled lysimeters inevitably involves disturbance of soil structure, and, if intermediate storage is included, also drying and rewetting of the soil. We report on an experiment with model forest ecosystems, where uncontaminated forest subsoils were covered with non-contaminated or freshly heavy metal (mainly Zn and Cu) contaminated topsoil in large lysimeters. Monitoring of the chemical composition of the drainage water revealed two distinct soil conditioning phases. During an initial phase of about a year strongly elevated nitrate and sulfate concentrations occurred that were attributed to a mineralisation flush caused by the increased accessability of mineralisable nitrogen and sulfur in destroyed aggregates. These effects were significantly larger in lysimeters with calcareous subsoil than in those with acidic subsoil. The second phase was characterised by a gradual decrease in dissolved organic carbon and sulfate concentrations, in particular in the acidic subsoil. This decrease may be attributed to the depletion of pools made accessible during aggregate destruction or the formation of new aggregates. These chemical changes had only little effects on the concentrations of copper and zinc in the drainage water. Based on our results, it can be concluded that large refilled lysimeters can be used for many purposes without risk of compromised results, if a conditioning phase of about 1 year with sufficiently moist soil conditions is respected. Nevertheless, gradual changes in soil chemical characteristics still occur after this initial phase. Implications for the recultivation of sites using relocated soils are discussed.