计算机图形技术在环境监测中的应用

讨论了计算机图形技术在环境监测实验室分析、监测数据趋势分析和环境数据统计等方面的应用,结合Internet技术的发展,对环境信息发布和地理信息系统(GIS)的结合应用进行了讨论,提出了Internet下环境信息应用的新思路:建立数据审核系统、数据查询分析系统、用户管理管理系统、地图出版系统,以提高环境监测分析应用水平.     

GIS在旅游研究中的应用进展

目前GIS在旅游研究中的应用缺乏系统回顾。通过对CNKI的中文核心期刊数据库、Web of Science核心合集外文数据库进行主题检索,借助Note Express3. 2和Cite Space V软件对选取的688篇论文进行了回顾和反思。研究发现:GIS在旅游研究中的应用领域主要包括旅游信息化、旅游空间结构、旅游规划与开发、生态旅游评价、旅游预警、旅游交通、旅游制图、旅游大数据采集与分析等8个方面,体现了旅游信息检索、旅游空间分析、旅游辅助决策、旅游信息输出、旅游应急处理等5大功能。但现阶段的成果存在采用的研究方法欠科学、重点研究领域有待加强、研究对象相对局限、重复性研究多等问题,因此今后应加强GIS技术与多种方法的集成与融合,更好地服务于旅游研究。     

地理信息系统与海上溢油模型集成研究

将地理信息系统(GIS)技术与溢油模型进行集成,其优点是能发挥GIS在模型参数获取、空间数据分析与管理、模拟结果可视化等方面的优势,使整个溢油建模过程更为便捷。文中介绍了GIS与溢油模型集成的概念,分析了GIS技术在海上溢油模型中的应用实例,给出了一种GIS与溢油模型的紧密集成方案,讨论了两者集成的发展趋势。     

浅谈航拍技术在油气田土地管理中的应用

利用航拍技术与GIS（GeographicInformationSystem,地理信息系统,简称GIS）技术相结合,通过对航拍照片的校正、DEM（DigitalElevationModel,数字高程模型,简称DEM）高程数据提取、占地面积与土地利用状况分析、土地复垦方案的编制、土方量的测算等,探讨了航拍技术在油气田土地管理工作中的应用。     

地理信息系统技术在环境中的应用

地理信息系统(GIS)技术现已广泛应用于环境领域。简要介绍了该技术的功能特点,并从大气、水、土壤、噪声四个方面探讨了GIS在环境保护中的应用。研究结果表明,GIS是研究环境子系统协同效应的实用技术。     

GIS在旅游资源评价中的应用研究进展

旅游资源评价是为了达到合理开发利用旅游资源,取得最佳的经济、社会和生态效益,也是对某一区域内旅游资源价值进行评价的过程。GIS作为一种空间分析技术手段具有强大的时空分析功能,越来越广泛地应用于旅游领域,为旅游资源与环境评价提供了技术上的支持。特别是在旅游资源调查、空间结构分析、可持续评价、旅游地理信息系统构建等方面得到了广泛的应用,已取得了较多的成果。总结分析了GIS在旅游评价中的应用进展。     

GIS与大气污染扩散模型的整合研究

大气扩散模型与GIS整合是当前的重要发展趋势。文章分析了该技术存在的主要问题和可行的解决路线,并指出了其主要发展方向。主张采用GIS二次开发工具和大气污染模型进行整合。详细介绍了开发“硫化氢应急专家系统”的工作中,解决二者整合所取得的研究进展和成果。将GIS、大气模型与应急救援工作三者有机的整合,实现了GIS数据和应急数据的紧密结合及对硫化氢扩散的预测。     

空间数据挖掘的应用技术

空间数据挖掘技术是数据挖掘技术与空间数据库技术的融合,在GIS遥感、图像数据库、医疗影像处理等领域具有广阔的应用前景。基于空间数据挖掘的特点,论述了其在GIS中的应用,指出了空间数据挖掘面临的问题,并阐述了空间数据挖掘的发展趋势。     

基于模糊数学方法的土壤肥力综合评价及应用

模糊数学是一种研究和处理模糊现象的定量化分析方法,在各个领域具有广泛的应用价值.以GIS技术为基础,阐述了该方法在土壤肥力综合评价中的应用.以安庆市土壤样点数据为例,建立包括土壤的pH值、有机质、全氮等8项指标土壤肥力多指标评价模型,对安庆市范围的土壤肥力状况进行评价,分析土壤肥力空间分布.结果表明,模糊数学方法在土壤肥力综合指标评价中具有简便可行性.     

石棉县森林资源地理信息系统的建立

地理信息系统是管理和分析空间数据的科学技术，以GIS技术为核心，结合RS和GPS技术建立完整的县级林业管理信息系统，是林业管理工作的必然要求。在实地调研、资料收集的基础上，以GIS技术为核心，构建了石棉县林业管理信息系统。系统地介绍了石棉县森林地理信息系统的构架、数据库建设的具体步骤与方法、系统的功能和实现，以及对基础地理信息系统的应用等问题，为今后林业管理信息系统数据库的建设提供参考依据。     

Dimensions and models of contemporary public space management in England

This article discusses the concept of public space management and its evolution in a context of wider changes to urban governance. Public space management is taken as a sphere of urban governance in which conflicting societal demands on, and aspirations for, public space are interpreted through a set of processes and practices. Four interlinked dimensions for public space management are proposed: the co-ordination of interventions; the regulation of uses and conflicts between uses; the definition and deployment of maintenance routines; and investment in public spaces and their services. Within this conceptual framework, the paper looks at recent changes in public space management in England to suggest the emergence of alternative models of management. These are based on the roles ascribed to the state, to private agents and to user organisations, and on different approaches to dealing with the four management dimensions. Although the discussion shows that these models are more than just abstract formulations, and have been used to deal with a variety of public space problems, an important purpose for the paper is to provide an analytical framework through which to examine emergent practices in the management of public space and their potential consequences.     

流动人口空间结构分析

在人本主义地理学框架下,对城市社会空间结构的分类研究成为必然。以流动人口空间结构为主题,总结了城市化一空间的二元分析框架。在此基础上重点构建了流动人口空间结构体系,对流动人口区位空间、行为空间和感应空间的涵义、特征、功能等进行解析。认为流动人口空间是在城市空间基底上叠加的具有流动人口特质的空间形态,是一种再造的空间。提出流动人口收入水平及行为活动的多少是影响流动人口空间关系的主要因素。     

Factors affecting adolescents’ use of urban public spaces in their leisure time: an exploratory study from the city of Vienna

Urban public spaces are important areas for leisure, recreation and physical activity and therefore contribute to the quality of life in cities. In particular, for adolescents they provide important spaces to meet with their peers, away from parental or school control. In many cities worldwide, public spaces have undergone severe developmental processes, and often a withdrawal from public space is noted. With regard to the opportunities those spaces provide for adolescents, it is necessary to investigate their current meaning for adolescents in a leisure context. In this article, qualitative research methods were used to investigate factors affecting adolescents’ use of public spaces in Vienna, Austria. In total 45 adolescents were interviewed. Results show that public open spaces are not regarded as important leisure spaces, and data reveal a strong retreat to private areas for leisure purposes. Perceived insecurities and fears support these processes and often result in avoidance of public spaces but also the wish for more control by authorities.     

石家庄市城市空间拓展动力机制分析

城市空间拓展是城市生长的需求和体现.对一个城市空间扩展状态、时空规律和动力机制的探讨,可以正确把握其在城市化进程中所处的阶段,预测其未来发展趋势[1].以河北省省会石家庄市为例,回顾了其城市空间拓展的演变进程,分析了其城市空间结构的特征以及空间拓展的动力机制,提出了石家庄市未来城市空间拓展的建议.     

Creating sense of community: The role of public space

A strong sense of community has been associated with improved wellbeing, increased feelings of safety and security, participation in community affairs and civic responsibility. Although interest in how the broader built environment influences sense of community is gaining momentum, there is a dearth of empirical research examining the association between sense of community and the quality of public space. This study investigates the relationship between four public spaces – Public Open Space (POS), community centres, schools and shops – and sense of community in residents of new housing developments in the Perth metropolitan area, Western Australia. Data was obtained from a cross-sectional survey (n = 911), a POS audit, and Geographical Information Systems, and analysed using linear regression. The perceived quality of neighbourhood POS and shops was significantly and positively associated with sense of community. This relationship appears to be unaffected by how frequently people use these spaces. High quality public spaces may be important settings for enhancing sense of community within residents of new housing developments.     

生态空间完整性建设与保护研究—基于同江市“多规合一”的实践

本文旨在探讨如何使较大生态空间斑块形成闭合区域,在空间属性上保持相对的完整性和单一性,并加以有效保护,使生态空间真正成为城市发展的绿色屏障。从现有文献和同江市"多规合一"实践看,由于历史遗留、追逐利益和监管不力等诸多因素,生态空间甚至核心区域内有耕地和较大面积的生活聚居区挤占生态空间,导致环境质量下降。可通过退耕还林还草工程、迁出生态空间居民工程和加强生物多样性保护工程等路径实现生态空间完整性。与此同时,采取加大对生态空间的保护力度、提高公众对生态空间完整性的认识、建立科学的生态补偿机制及加强中俄生态保护合作等措施加以保护。     

Recreational benefits of residual open space: A case study of four communities in northeastern New Jersey

Numerous undeveloped and ecologically diverse tracts of land within urban communities in the United States are presently being utilized for a variety of unsupervised recreational activities. The present use and perceived value of residual open spaces adjacent to the Palisades to residents of four communities in northeastern New Jersey was assessed. The results of our survey suggest that parks and open space represent a city service that is not as highly valued as other more visible services, that respondents desire a diversity of recreational experiences, that existing parks and open space provide a narrow range of recreational benefits to users, that benefits of existing parks extend primarily to the provision of active pursuits, and that undeveloped residual open spaces are valued for and provide opportunities for a variety of passive pursuits.Residual open spaces are a resource that contributes towards meeting the aesthetic and recreational needs of city residents. Failure by planners and decision-makers to recognize the value and utility of such tracts of land may result in their destruction and in the loss of a resource which provides a range of recreational opportunities that is not adequately provided by formal parks and open spaces.Paper of the Journal Series, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.This work was performed as a part of NJAES Project No. 17501, Urban Forestry: Planning and Management of Residual Open Space, supported by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station and by a grant from the Consortium for Environmental Forestry Studies sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeast Forest Experiment Station.     

缓解城市环境问题的有效途径

从区域环境和城市环境的角度出发，介绍了城市绿地系统在维护城市生态平衡、保护城市环境中的重要作用，揭示了在城市可持续发展战略中，加强城市绿地系统规划与建设的重要性。     

国内外空间环境模拟试验条件分析

本文对国内外空间环境模拟试验条件进行了分析,介绍了国内外已有的空间环境模拟试验条件和试验设备。以推动空间环境工程试验研究工作的开展。     

The shifting sea: from soft space to lively space

It is widely acknowledged that marine spatial planning (MSP) should be responsive to the dynamism of the marine environment and the relatively tenuous human relationship with the sea. However, MSP remains conceptualised within rationalistic terms that limit this potential. This article places MSP within the context of spatial theory that holds greater promise for developing more progressive practice. Firstly, the interrelation of MSP with current notions of soft space (less formal, cross-cutting spatialities) is explored, suggesting that MSP is expressing some of the geographical and institutional freedoms of soft space, and may contribute new insights to this concept. Secondly, a progressive framework is developed that builds upon soft space principles. This draws in, on the one hand, underlying relational understandings of space, and on the other hand, insights from marine contexts. This leads to a picture of marine space-being-planned as lively space, expressing, amongst other things, the sea’s materiality. This concept is illustrated through an application of the framework to a strategic MSP exercise for the Baltic Sea region. Finally, it is suggested that MSP itself should be reconceptualised as immersed into this spatial ontology, with the agents and practices of planning taking their place within the wider assemblage of marine actants and relations.