硼泥复合混凝剂处理印染废水的研究

采用自制的硼泥复合混凝剂对所选择的若干水溶性染料水样和实际印染废水进行脱色试验，结果表明，混凝效果与染料种类，投药量，ｐＨ值，温度等因素有关，其中投药量范围在０．３￣０．６ｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ适用范围为４．０￣１１．５，脱色率均可达９２％以上，在处理实际印染废水样时，仅投加０．３ｇ／Ｌ混凝剂时，其ＣＯＤ去除率达６７％以上，脱色率和ＳＳ去除率均达９８％以上，ｐＨ值也处于６￣９范围之内，并且比聚铝的处理效果好     

羧甲基壳聚糖处理印染废水试验

用羧甲基壳聚处理毛巾厂的印染废水，得出了用羧甲基壳聚糖在ｐＨ３．０－５．０，加入量在７０ｐｐｍ下有最好的处理效果的结论并与常用的絮凝剂作比较，具有脱色率、ＣＯＤ法除率高的优点，探讨了羧甲基壳聚糖絮凝的机理。     

铁—草酸盐络合物的光解对水溶性染料脱色作用的研究

进行了铁－草酸盐络合物在紫外光照射下，对水溶性染料的光解脱色研究。结果表明，在ｐＨ＝４．Ｆｅ／Ｃ２Ｏ＾２－４＝２０μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１／２４０μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１的条件下，铁－草酸盐络合物／ＵＶ对２０ｍｇ／Ｌ染料的混合溶液的脱色率为４３．１％，有一定的脱色效果。     

电凝聚法去除地热水中氟的研究

研究了电凝聚法对模拟高含氟地热水的除氟。结果表明，电凝聚法对地热水的除氟可控并能获得理想除氟效果。最佳工艺条件为：进水ｐＨ值５．５￣６．０，电解电流密度约１５Ａ／ｍ＾２，电解槽停留时间４￣５ｍｉｎ，倒极时间５￣１０ｍｉｎ。     

亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化脱色及降解

以高压汞灯为光源,在自ＴｉＯ２纳米粉末悬浮体系内,以在蓝溶液光催化降解脱色反应为模型,研究了其脱色降解动力学及其影响因素。研究表明,亚甲基蓝光催化反应动力学常数为４．５３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ．ｍｉｎ．吸附常数为３３．５５Ｌ／ｍｍｏｌ;随着ｐＨ值的上升以及Ｈ２Ｏ２的加入,其脱色降解速率加快。     

媚红精染料的脱色试验

媚红精是一种水溶性红色染料，研究表明这种染料溶液可加入亚铁盐和Ｈ２Ｏ２进行脱色；在ｐＨ２～３条件下用通常的消毒剂可氧化脱色，在中性或碱性条件下与十二烷基苯磺酸钠反应转变为阴离子型，再与亚铁盐或铝盐等混凝剂作用进行脱色。     

用硫铁矿制备铁系净水剂实验研究

提出了用微生物作用于硫铁矿制备铁系净水剂的新方法。ｐＨ＝２．０，硫铁矿的投加量为７．５ｇ／Ｌ，反应温度为３０℃，硫铁矿的细度≤０．０９７ｍｍ，是制备的最佳反应条件。制备的净水剂具有良好的净水效果。原料来源广，成本低，工艺简单，具有很好的开发应用前景。     

氯菊酯的酶促降解

从降解氯菊酯的分离株ＹＦ１１提取降解酶并测定了对氯菊酯的降解特性，降解酶在３２．５℃，ｐＨ９．０时对氯菊酯显示最大的降解活性，其每毫克蛋白质最大降解速率为２０．８ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ，米氏常数为５．２ｎｍｏｌ／ｍＬ。     

镁盐和炉渣对印染废水的脱色处理

实验研究了不同pH、温度：Mg2＋投量和沉降时间下，镁盐、炉渣、镁盐＋炉渣3种处理对模拟和实际印染废水的脱色效果。结果表明，在pH为11～11．5、沉降30rain、30℃及Mg2＋投加量为500～600mg／L的最优脱色条件下，3种处理对艳红FXC模拟废水的最大脱色率分别为98．41％、98．43％和99．37％，对实际印染废水的最大脱色率分别为90．18％、89．63％和93．33％，其中，镁盐＋炉渣脱色效果最好，这可能与炉渣吸附和起到协同增强Mg（OH）2沉淀效果的作用有关。对水样的液相色谱初步检测分析表明，实际废水脱色处理前后染色基团峰高和种类发生了变化。该研究对盐田富镁卤水和炉渣等废物的资源化开发有重要参考价值。     

类Fenton反应对偶氮染料橙黄Ⅱ的脱色研究

以橙黄Ⅱ染料溶液为研究对象，通过正交实验确定了Fe-NTA／H2O2构成的类Fenton反应中各影响因子的最佳操作条件为：[H2O2]=20mmol／L，[Fe-NTA]=2．5mmol／L．pH=3。同时考察了反应时间、溶液pH值、H2O2浓度、Fe-NTA浓度对脱色效率的影响。实验表明脱色反应在30min内基本完成，类Fenton试剂能在较宽的pH范围内保持较好的脱色效果，而且在pH=6时，类Fenton试剂比传统Fenton试剂的脱色效率提高约75％。增加双氧水浓度可以提高橙黄Ⅱ溶液脱色率，但超过20mmol／L后效果提高不明显。在0．5～2．5mmol／L的范围内，Fe—NTA浓度对脱色效果的影响不显著。     

Technology for recovering phosphorus from incinerated wastewater treatment sludge.

A bench-top study of phosphorus-recovering technology from ash associated with incinerated wastewater (sewage) treatment sludge was conducted by adding sulfuric acid to ashes for the elution of phosphorus. With the exception of lead, which is insoluble in sulfuric acid, when the pH of the ash fell below 2.0, phosphorus and various heavy metals in the ash were extracted. The study found that, when alkalis were added to adjust the pH of the ash extract to 4.0, phosphorus was subsequently recovered via filtration. Furthermore, when alkalis were added to adjust the pH to 10, the recovery of various heavy metals was observed. In addition, disposal of the remaining solution (wastewater), which consists of a relatively low concentration of salts, is not considered to be a significant issue since it is within wastewater discharge standards and has been found to be useful as an acid-treating substance.     

不同湿地植物凋落物对汞铊矿废弃物浸出酸性废水中重金属的吸附研究

研究了不同湿地植物(稻草(Oryza sativa L.)、风车草(Cyperus involucratus Rottb.)、芦竹(Arundo donax L.)、美人蕉(Canna indica L.)、水葱(Scirpus validus Vahl.)、香蒲(Typha orientalis C.Presl)和鸢...     

Swine wastewater treatment using attached-growth and suspended-growth two stage sequencing batch reactors with real-time control.

Two two-stage sequencing batch reactors (TSSBR), one attached-growth and one suspended-growth, were operated under three levels of wastewater concentration (approximately 4,000, 2,000 and 500 TOC mg/L), respectively, to compare the pH and ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) patterns and system performance. In both TSSBR systems, the pH and ORP profiles varied with organic loading yet exhibited consistent patterns with distinctive features suitable for real-time control. For all runs at the three levels of influent, both systems achieved similar levels of treatment for BOD5, TOC and TSS of over 97.5, 93.4, and 97.3%, respectively. The attached-growth system out performed the suspended-growth system in achieving the same levels of treatment at much shorter aeration cycle times. The treatment efficiency for NO3(-)-N and PO4(-3) was greatly affected by the carbon content in the wastewater, and the best treatment was achieved during the TOC approximately 4,000 mg/L runs with final effluent at 4.0 and 21.3 mg/L, respectively.     

各种影响因子对电解法预处理医药废水的影响研究

探讨了电解法预处理医药废水时停留时间、电解电压、废水初始浓度、温度和废水pH值等影响因子对去除色度、COD和提高废水可生化性等处理效果的影响,并考察了其应用于工业实际废水处理的可行性.实验结果表明:电解法更适合高浓度医药废水的处理,色度的去除率可达到90%以上;电解时间宜控制在40～60 min;电解电压越高,废水COD和色度去除效果越好;在实验温度范围内,温度对色度和COD去除率的影响不大;废水pH值为7.5时电解效果最佳,工程运用宜控制在6～9之间.     

新型可见光催化剂BiVO4降解中成药制药废水

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O和NH4VO3为原料,采用水热法制备了新型可见光BiVO4催化剂,并用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)和紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)对产品进行了结构表征,并将其应用于光催化降解中成药制药废水降解反应中,通过正交实验和单因素分析,考察了催化剂用量、空气流量、溶液pH值和助氧化剂H2O2对制药废水COD去除率、脱色率的影响。实验结果表明,水热产品属于单斜晶系BiVO4,其带隙能为2.41 eV,并具有良好的可见光催化活性。对于经10倍稀释的制药废水,BiVO4添加量为2 g/L,通氧量为120 L/h,助氧化剂H2O2添加量为1 mL,不改变废水pH值,在400 W金属卤化物灯离液面11 cm照射反应180 min的条件下,制药废水的COD去除率为94.3%,脱色率为95.6%,得到了较好的降解。     

Macrophyte growth in a pilot-scale constructed wetland for industrial wastewater treatment

A pilot-scale wetland was constructed to assess the feasibility of treating the wastewater from a tool industry in Santo Tomé, Santa Fe, Argentina. The wastewater had high conductivity and pH, and contained Cr, Ni and Zn. This paper describes the growth of vegetation in the experimental wetland and the nutrient and metal removal. The wetland was 6 x 3 x 0.4 m. Water discharge was 1000 l d(-1) and residence time was 7d. After the wetland was rendered impermeable, macrophytes from Middle Paraná River floodplain were transplanted. Influent and effluent quality was analyzed every 15 d. TP, Cr, Ni and Zn concentrations in leaves, roots and sediment (inlet and outlet) were measured monthly. Cover and biomass of predominant species were estimated. Also, greenhouse experiments were carried out to measure the effects of conductivity and pH on floating species. The variables measured in the influent were significantly higher than those in the effluent, except for HCO(3)(-) and NH(4)(+). TP and metal concentrations in sediment at the inlet were significantly higher than those at the outlet. Conductivity and pH of the incoming wastewater were toxic for the floating species. Typha domingensis displaced the other species and reached positive relative cover rate and biomass greater than those at the undisturbed natural environment. T. domingensis proved to be highly efficient for the treatment of wastewater. For that reason, it is the advisable species for the treatment of wastewater of high conductivity and pH enriched with metals, characteristic of many industrial processes.     

螯合沉淀法处理电镀废水的工业实践

介绍了一个采用螯合沉淀法处理电镀废水的典型工业实例.在工业装置上,进行了氢氧化钠、硫化钠和DT-CR去除重金属离子效果的对比,讨论了DTCR的加入量与处理成本的关系和pH值对DTCR用量的影响.结果表明,将废水的pH值调至8.0～8.5后再加DTCR,可以使DTCR的使用量最少,处理成本最低;此法对重金属离子的去除效果远优于传统化学沉淀法.     

Kinetics and stoichiometry of aerobic sulfide oxidation in wastewater from sewers-effects of pH and temperature.

Kinetics and stoichiometry of aerobic chemical and biological sulfide oxidation in wastewater from sewer networks were studied. In this respect, the effects of temperature and pH were investigated in the ranges 10 to 20 degrees C and 5 to 9, respectively. The temperature dependency of sulfide oxidation kinetics was described using an Arrhenius relationship. The effect of pH on the rate of chemical sulfide oxidation is related to the dissociation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to hydrogen sulfide ion (HS(-)), with HS(-) being more readily oxidized than H2S. Biological sulfide oxidation exhibited the highest rates at ambient wastewater pH, and the reaction was inhibited at both low and high pH values. Chemical sulfide oxidation was found to produce thiosulfate and sulfate, while elemental sulfur was the main product of biological sulfide oxidation. Based on the investigations, general rate equations and stoichiometric constants were determined, enabling the processes to be incorporated to conceptual sewer process models.     

神经节苷脂生产废水处理技术研究

针对神经节苷脂生产废水蛋白质含量高的特点，研究了等电点沉淀或混凝沉降预处理、厌氧好氧生物处理、化学沉淀和类Fenton氧化后处理组合工艺处理神经节苷脂生产废水的技术。结果表明，神经节苷脂生产废水的等电点在pH=2.2左右，通过等电点沉淀可去除30%以上的COD，但等电点时蛋白质的沉淀速度非常慢；用聚合硫酸铁对神经节苷脂生产废水进行混凝预处理的最适工艺条件是：pH=7～7.5，聚合硫酸铁用量＝500～750 mg/L。在优化条件下，混凝预处理可以使神经节苷脂生产废水的COD从27 000 mg/L左右降到13 000 mg/L左右。混凝预处理后的神经节苷脂生产废水经48 h厌氧和84 h好氧生物处理，COD值进一步下降到600 mg/L左右。然后向每升生化出水中加入2～3 mmol Fe³⁺,通过化学沉淀作用除去其中的磷酸盐，过量的Fe³⁺作为后续类Fenton氧化的催化剂。当H₂O₂(30％)用量为2～3 mL/L时，最终出水的COD值可以达到国家一级排放标准。     

Wastewater analysis for volatile organic sulfides using purge-and-trap with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

This paper presented a modified method for the analysis of volatile organic sulfides (VOS) simultaneously with volatile organic compounds (VOC) in wastewater using purge-and-trap with gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. Calibration standards were prepared using filtered and nitrogen-purged VOS-free wastewater, acidified to pH 1.4. Samples were also acidified to pH 1.4. This approach minimized the oxidation of methanethiol to dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), which hampered the liquid-phase analysis of VOS. Compounds were concentrated from the liquid phase, and automated analyses were performed without additional equipment, other than that required for routine wastewater VOC analysis. The linear range was 5 to 500 microg/L, with r2 > or = 0.99. The average recovery from replicate analyses of spiked samples was 81 +/- 0.5% for methanethiol, 100 +/- 1.5% fordimethyl sulfide (DMS), and 92 +/- 1.5% for DMDS. Method detection limits were 4.8, 2.8, and 1.2 microg/L for methanethiol, DMS, and DMDS, respectively. The relative percent differences were between 0 and 8%.