加快天津环保产业发展的对策建议

在调查研究，分析现状的基础上，提出了天津环保产业发展的目标，重点和加快发展的对策建议。要增强紧迫感、重新规划、培育规模效益企业、抓好北方环保产业基地建设、制定和完善产业政策、加强科技创新、增加多渠道投入、积极培育市场、加强组织领导。     

环境噪声达标区建设的宏观经济效益分析方法

从环境经济学观点出发，运用系统论，数理统计等方法，分析环境噪声污染的直接损失与间接损失，达标区建设的硬件与软件投资、达标区建成后的直接与间接效益，建立了环境噪声达标区建设中损失－投资－效益三者的分析法，以价格机制和价值规律，促进环境噪声污染防治。     

廊道效应与城市景观结构

根据景观学原理，本文将城市廊道分为两类，人工廊道与自然廊道，并着重分析城市廊道的场效应，研究表明，廊道效应产生的实质在于廊道效益是距离的函数，因而可用指数衰减曲线表示，从理论上分析，人工廊道与自然廊道场效应的分界点即综合效益极大点，自然廊道在两条人工廊之间存在的合理依据是：至少存在两个分别与两条指数衰减曲线相交的综合效益极值点。根据廊道效应原 文对北京古代传统规划格局进行分析，发生在天人鸽 与择中     

广州市平沙村十年生态农业建设效益分析与评价

根据广州市平沙村在十年（1986～1995）生态农业建设中取得的效益．在资源利用率、生态功能效益．社会效益和经济功能效益等方面．选取20个项目指标．以基础年（1985）的效益为相对评价标准，采用单项指数和综合指数的评价方法．分别对该村生态农业各功能效益和整体功能效益进行分析与评价．     

川中浅丘农区坡地林农复合系统作物复种方式的综合效益评价

从能量转换效益、价值转换效益方面，对坡地林农复会系统１０种农作物复种方式进行了研究，并用层次分析法（ＡＨＰ）对各复种方式进行综合效益评价。结果表明，１０种复种方式中，小麦一花生的综合效益最高，５种复种方式较高，其余则较低。据此，提出了系列改进措施，供生产中应用。     

川中浅丘农区坡地林农复合系统作物复种方式的综合效益评价

从能量转换效益、价值转换效益方面，对坡地林农复合系统１０种农作物复种方式进行了研究，并用层次分析法（ＡＨＰ）对各复种方式进行综合效益评价。结果表明，１０种复种方式中，小麦－花生的综合效益最高，５种复种方式较高，其余则较低。据此，提出了系列改进措施，供生产中应用。     

苏北里下河地区湿地资源可持续利用的思考

以里下河地区湿地资源利用为例，剖析湿地资源开发过程中带来的相关环境问题，包括：湿地面积缩小，自然灾害濒发；区内环境状况日趋恶化，生产与生活性污染严重；湿地功能日益衰退；湿地农业生产效益下降，农民的生产投入明显不足。此外，还探讨湿地生态系统可持续利用对策，具体有：建立湿地可持续利用新的评价指标与标准，建立预警分析系统，以现代湿地生态工程技术为指导，全面提高湿地利用的社会、经济、环境综合效益。     

城市绿地系统效益评价模型的构建与应用

从城市绿地建设水平偏低的原因分析入手，认为不具备成熟的城市绿地系统效益评价体系是主要原因。运用层次分析法，构建了城市绿地系统效益评价模型，对模型各组成部分进行了详细阐释。以模型对西安市绿地建设的影响为例，介绍了该模型的作用。最后，对模型的应用效果进行了总结，认为基于AHP法的城市绿地系统效益评价模型可有效解决城市绿地系统效益评价问题。     

湖南品牌战略的现状与对策刍论

湖南省许多企业由于仍然受计划经济体制的阴影笼罩，缺乏竞争观念，品牌意识淡薄，导致品牌难上档次，知名品牌缺少．因此，必须整合湖南品牌战略、实施企业形象战略、培育品牌文化战略和实施品牌战略．     

土地整理与农村生态环境

在对土地整理的产生与内涵进行简要介绍的基础上，阐述了土地整理的生态环境效益，提出了土地整理中应注意的几个生态环境建设问题。     

Nanosensors for food quality and safety assessment

Food toxins are produced as defense tools by microorganisms that use nutrients for their growth. Microorganisms thus spoil food, taste and can infect humans, sometimes leading to death. Food adulteration and brand protection are also major issues in the food industry. Here we review the use of nanomaterials for sensing food quality. Nanosensors can detect pathogenic bacteria, food-contaminating toxins, adulterant, vitamins, dyes, fertilizers, pesticides, taste and smell. Food freshness can be monitored using time–temperature and oxygen indicators. Product authenticity and brand protection can be assessed using invisible nanobarcodes. Overall, nanosensors with unique properties are improving food security.     

Material, energy and environmental performance of technological and social systems under a Life Cycle Assessment perspective

Selected energy and material resource conversion systems are compared in this paper under an extended LCA point of view. A multi-method multi-scale assessment procedure is applied in order to generate consistent performance indicators based on the same set of input data, to ascertain the existence of constraints or crucial steps characterized by low conversion efficiency and to provide the basis for improvement patterns. Optimizing the performance of a given process requires that many different aspects are taken into account. Some of them, mostly of technical nature, relate to the local scale at which the process occurs. Other technological, economic and environmental aspects are likely to affect the dynamics of the larger space and time scales in which the process is embedded. These spatial and time scale effects require that a careful evaluation of the relation between the process and its surroundings is performed, so that hidden consequences and possible sources of inefficiency and impact are clearly identified. In this paper we analyse and compare selected electricity conversion systems, alternative fuels and biofuels, waste management strategies and finally the time evolution of an urban system, in order to show the importance of a multiple perspective point of view for the proper evaluation of a system's environmental and resource use performance.     

Discrimination of vocal performance by male swamp sparrows

In aggressive communication, the interests of signalers and receivers are directly opposed, presenting a challenge to the maintenance of reliable signaling. Index signals, whose production is constrained by physical ability, offer one solution to the reliable signaling problem. Vocal performance, the ability to produce physically challenging songs, is likely such a signal in swamp sparrows. Maximum vocal performance varies between males and is correlated with aspects of quality. However, vocal performance can be modulated in aggressive contexts by increasing the frequency bandwidth and trill rate of songs. This study examines receiver response to (1) differences in performance of the same song types by different signalers and (2) individual modulation of performance between contexts. Results demonstrate that male receivers show differential response to between-male differences in song type performance, but do not show differential response to the smaller scale modulations of performance produced by individuals singing the same song type at different times. This pattern suggests that vocal performance cannot be effectively cheated and may therefore serve as a good example of an index signal.     

试论神农架地区绿色食品生产基地建设

分析了神农架建设绿色食品基地的自然优势条件和农业资源特点,提出了发展山区、河谷、城镇基地,创建名牌资源品种的建设方针。     

衡阳蔬菜产业现状、优势、存在问题和发展思路

针对衡阳调整农业产业化结构、稳定市场供应,正确认识衡阳蔬菜产业优势,使蔬菜产业逐步向标准化、规模化、产业化、特色化、品牌化方向发展,更利于服务三农、丰富蔬菜市场,提出了发展思路与策略.     

注意力经济--文化产业的策略选择

随着信息技术的无限进展,信息的丰富造成了注意力的贫乏,这是现代社会人民遇到的一个矛盾.作为从计划经济步入市场经济的我国文化产业,已经完全进入市场化的运作,文化产品可经选择的多样性决定了受众的主体地位,大众不再是商家和媒体教育的对象,而是他们的服务对象.我国文化产业要得以长足发展,其首要任务是吸引最大多数人的关注,赢得他们的关心.文化产业的发展需要为大众的注意力买单,要寻找与发掘大众注意力兴奋点,实行吸引受众注意力的产业营销策略.这就是遵从大众认知心理,强化娱乐功能;认同受众的好奇心理,提升品牌形象;紧扣受众的表现心理,倡导时尚消费;认同受众遵从心理,因势利导;巧借受众移情心理,打造个性品牌.     

Host plant quality and local adaptation determine the distribution of a gall-forming herbivore

Herein we report results of transplant experiments that link variation in host plant quality to herbivore fitness at the local scale (among adjacent plants) with the process of local (demic) adaptation at the landscape scale to explain the observed distribution of the specialist gall former Belonocnema treatae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) within populations of its host plant, Quercus fusiformis. Field surveys show that leaf gall densities vary by orders of magnitude among adjacent trees and that high-gall-density trees are both rare (< 5%) and patchily distributed. B. treatae from each of five high-gall-density trees were reared on (1) the four nearest low-gall-density trees, (2) the four alternative high-gall-density trees, and (3) their natal trees (control). Each treatment (source X rearing site) was replicated three times. Nine components of performance that sequentially contribute to fitness were evaluated with over 21000 galls censused across the 25 experimental trees. When reared on their natal trees and compared with low-gall-density neighbors, transplanted gall formers had higher gall initiation success (P < 0.05), produced more (P < 0.001) and larger galls (P < 0.001), and produced a higher proportion of galls that exceeded the threshold size for natural enemy avoidance (P < 0.05). Comparison of gall-former performance on natal vs. alternative high-gall-density trees demonstrated significant (P < 0.001) differences in six performance measures with five differing in the direction predicted by the hypothesis of local adaptation. Overall, these linked experiments document direct and indirect effects of host plant variation on gall-former performance and demonstrate convincingly that (1) high-gall-density trees equate to high-quality trees that are surrounded by trees of relatively lower quality to the herbivore and (2) gall-former populations have become locally adapted to individual trees.     

福州城市森林建设现状与可持续发展探讨

“让森林走进城市、让城市拥抱森林”已成为保护城市生态环境、提升城市形象和竞争力,推动经济可持续健康发展的全新理念．分析福州城市森林建设的优势与不足,提出以创建国家森林城市为目标、发展城市森林的建议．参9．     

Autotrophic denitrification using hydrogen oxidizing bacteria in continuous flow biofilm reactor

Autotrophic denitrification was investigated in five bench‐scale upflow attached growth reactors using hydrogen oxidizing bacteria under anoxic conditions. The performance of sand, granular activated carbon (GAC), crushed pumice, crushed volcanic rock, and plastic media were evaluated as the support material. The reactors were inoculated with acclimated cultures obtained from domestic sewage treatment plant. A synthetic solution containing nitrate was used as the influent. The reactor performance was evaluated by measuring influent and effluent nitrate concentration. The design parameters demonstrated that the effectiveness of autotrophic denitrification is comparable to that of the heterotrophic process and may be utilized economically for drinking water treatment either as the main process or as a supplemental process for ion exchange regenerant treatment.