城市生活垃圾处理若干问题的探讨

本文根据四川实际,对垃圾处理工程规划布局、工艺选择、堆肥工艺中的问题、垃圾处理厂运行体制和垃圾处理的政策措施进行了探讨,提出了对策。     

城市生活垃圾处理向产业化发展的对策探讨

城市生活垃圾污染问题是影响城市环境质量的重要因素。世界各国对城市生活垃圾的处理问题都予以高度的重视。当今世界,垃圾处理已不是一个单纯的技术问题,它涉及到环境保护与资源利用的社会可持续发展的各个方面。所以,搞好城市生活垃圾的处理,必须从战略高度来认识,不但要在生活垃圾处理的无害化、资源化、减量化上下功夫,还必须不断加快生活垃圾处理的产业化步伐。 一、认清城市生活垃圾处理向产业化方向发展的制约因素 １、体制因素。 长期以来,作为市政管理范围内的生活垃圾处理问题一直被人们认为是公益性的福利事业,应该由政…     

我国城市生活垃圾产业市场化探讨

通过对我国城市生活垃圾处理现状进行分析,作者提出只有将垃圾产业市场化,才能根本解决我国城市垃圾问题。     

南宁市城市生活垃圾处理现状与对策探讨

本文通过分析南宁市城市生活垃圾处理的现状,指出了存在和将面临的问题,并提出了处理对策。     

我国城市垃圾处理政策,趋向及市场化分析

随着城市化进程的加快和城市人口比重的提高,我国城市垃圾产量迅速增长。城市垃圾已经成为我国环境污染的主要因素之一。如何采取可靠措施,从根本上实现我国城市垃圾减量化、无害化、资源化目标,做到化害为利、变废为宝是摆在我们面前的一项重要的战略任务。　　一、我国...     

简述城市生活垃圾处理产业化

简要论述了城市生活垃圾处理技术及产业化的必要性；介绍了生活垃圾处理项目的经济效益评价方法，并对促进产业化提出了相关的对策和建议。     

城市生活垃圾处理工艺探讨

通过对目前城市生活垃圾处理方式的分析，提出了新的垃圾处理工艺流程。     

城市生活垃圾处理技术综述

日益严重的垃圾围城现象,已成为世界性公害。文章阐述了各国垃圾处理技术的历史发展,并针对目前国内垃圾处理存在的问题,分析了各种处理方法的技术难点和解决关键。根据我国垃圾组成特点,提出了分类－收集－运输－处置“产业链”的资源化、减量化和无害化的综合处理方法。     

我国城市生活垃圾处理行业发展评述

文章通过对填埋、焚烧、堆肥等处理方式发展情况的分析,评价了我国城市生活垃圾处理水平,提出了重视源头管理、实现垃圾处理市场化、产业化等旨在提高我国垃圾处理水平的有效途径。     

广州市生活垃圾的综合处理与利用探讨

分析了广州市现行垃圾处理方式存在的主要问题,并结合广州市垃圾的产出特点,就如何实现该市生活垃圾的综合处理,尤其是资源化利用作了探讨。     

浅论城市生活垃圾的资源化系统

现在社会产生越来越多,组份越来越复杂的生活垃圾,已成为严重的环境和社会问题。本文通过对垃圾成份和数量的分析,结果国内外垃圾处理的发展现状,针对四川省省情,提出了加强垃圾分类收集、分选回收,以堆肥、焚烧、再生等手段实现垃圾的资源化系统。并且,对目前的垃圾处理所涉及到的政府职能和社会意识等软环境作了简单描述。     

Techno-economic analysis and environmental impact assessment of energy recovery from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Brazil

Due to the lack of appropriate policies in the last decades, 60% of Brazilian cities still dump their waste in non-regulated landfills (the remaining ones dump their trash in regulated landfills), which represent a serious environmental and social problem. The key objective of this study is to compare, from a techno-economic and environmental point of view, different alternatives to the energy recovery from the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated in Brazilian cities. The environmental analysis was carried out using current data collected in Betim, a 450,000 inhabitants city that currently produces 200 tonnes of MSW/day. Four scenarios were designed, whose environmental behaviour were studied applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, in accordance with the ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards. The results show the landfill systems as the worst waste management option and that a significant environmental savings is achieved when a wasted energy recovery is done. The best option, which presented the best performance based on considered indicators, is the direct combustion of waste as fuel for electricity generation. The study also includes a techno-economical evaluation of the options, using a developed computer simulation tool. The economic indicators of an MSW energy recovery project were calculated. The selected methodology allows to calculate the energy content of the MSW and the CH₄ generated by the landfill, the costs and incomes associated with the energy recovery, the sales of electricity and carbon credits from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The studies were based on urban centres of 100,000, 500,000 and 1,000,000 inhabitants, using the MSW characteristics of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte. Two alternatives to recovering waste energy were analyzed: a landfill that used landfill biogas to generate electricity through generator modules and a Waste-to-Energy (WtE) facility also with electricity generation. The results show that power generation projects using landfill biogas in Brazil strongly depend on the existence of a market for emissions reduction credits. The WtE plant projects, due to its high installation, Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs, are highly dependent on MSW treatment fees. And they still rely on an increase of three times the city taxes to become attractive.     

生物反应器填埋场渗滤液及其处理对策

根据垃圾的降解和稳定机理分析了生物反应器填埋场渗滤液的动态变化规律，并对其处理对策进行了探讨。生物反应器填埋场前期产生的渗滤液可全部回灌，后期再根据实际情况排放处理部分过量的渗滤液。在对渗滤液水量和水质全面直观认识后，再对生物反应器填埋场渗滤液处理工艺进行针对性的选择和设计，并宜采用物化法处理方式。     

垃圾焚烧烟气净化处理技术

为了避免城市生活垃圾焚烧对环境产生二次污染，必须对垃圾焚烧烟气进行净化处理才能排放。而二恶英的存在又对烟气净化技术提出更高的要求。因此采用先进的烟气净化处理技术和和高效的运行管理方式是防止二次污染的关键。     

德阳市城市生活垃圾处理技术的研究与实践

本文以德阳市城市生活垃圾的研究及垃圾处理工程的建设为主线，论述了德阳市在生活垃圾处理实践中不断探索和改造的实情；以满足城市发展需要的垃圾处理方式及转运工作为主线，介绍了生活垃圾处理场不断进行科研和实践的工作。     

Regionalization of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Japan: Balancing the Proximity Principle with Economic Efficiency

The proximity principle—disposing of waste close to its origin—has been a central value in municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Japan for the last 30 years and its widespread adoption has helped resolve numerous “Not in My Backyard” issues related to MSW management. However, MSW management costs have soared, in large part because of aggressive recycling efforts and because most MSW is incinerated in a country that has scarce landfill capacity. In addition, smaller, less sophisticated incinerators have been closed because of high dioxin emissions. Rising costs combined with the closure of smaller incinerators have shifted MSW management policy toward regionalization, which is the sharing of waste management facilities across municipalities. Despite the increased use of regionalized MSW facilities, the proximity principle remains the central value in Japanese MSW management. Municipal solid waste management has become increasingly regionalized in the United States, too, but different driving forces are at work in these two countries. The transition to regionalized MSW management in Japan results from strong governmental control at all levels, with the central government providing funds and policy direction and prefectures and municipalities being the primary implementing authorities. By contrast, market forces are a much stronger force with US MSW management, where local governments—with state government oversight—have primary responsibility for MSW management. We describe recent changes in Japan’s MSW programs. We examine the connections between MSW facility regionalization, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the proximity principle, coordination among local governments, central government control, and financing mechanisms.     

垃圾焚烧炉预处理系统设计与优化

论述了垃圾预处理系统的一些关键设备和技术要点,分析了垃圾焚烧炉预处理系统的流程设计和不同的设备组合方式,并介绍了一种用于循环流化床焚烧炉的预处理系统流程和试验结果。     

浅谈城市生活垃圾综合处理工程的总体规划设计

成功的总体规划是保证工程正常运行的前提。本文试图通过工程实例说明在进行环保工程的总体规划时，更应根据生产工艺、物料走向、防火及环境保护等结合厂(场)区的地质和气象等自然条件进行统筹安排，力求做到布置合理，达到建设快、投资省、运行经济安全的目的。     

城市生活垃圾源减量化技术与对策

解决垃圾问题最好的方式是避免其产生,这样就无需收集、运输或处置。此外,源减量化在能源利用、温室气体排放和其他环境影响方面,要远优于其他诸如焚烧和填埋等处理方式。生活垃圾源减量化具有环境和经济的双重效益。本文阐述了生活垃圾源减量化的概念和特征,并通过借鉴美国在生活垃圾源减量化问题上的成功经验和成熟技术,探讨了适合上海的生活垃圾源减量化对策。