共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
随着核科学的飞速发展和应用,产生了大量的放射性废物,合理、安全的处置各类放射性废物,已成为世界各国刻不容缓的研究课题。各国已建或在建了许多中低水平放射性废物处置设施,这些设施的信息分散在各国的官方报告中,研究分析这些信息将对我国放射性废物的处置具有重要意义。本文通过调研大量资料,总结了世界核反应堆的现状(数据截止到2013年);介绍了中低水平放射性废物处置发展概况;分析了世界各国中低水平放射性废物处置设施的现状(数据截止到2011年);并对我国的中低放废物处置提出建议。为我国全面和正确的认识放射性废物处置,有的放矢的制定发展规划和开展相关研究提供了科学依据。 相似文献
2.
3.
分析了医疗废物的组成和特性,总结了目前医疗废物的处理处置方法,并对各方法的技术特点、适用范围、设计参数、工艺流程进行了总结,以期为城市医疗废物的安全处置提供参考借鉴。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
核事故与放射性废物安全管理是核电可持续发展的两大制约因素。本文针对目前核电厂面临的积存的低中放固体废物超出暂存库设计容量和时间的困境,分析核电持续发展带来的放射性固体废物的处置需求和放射性风险,深入探讨了我国低中放固体废物处置现状和存在的问题,认为问题存在的深层原因主要是废物处置责任划分不明确、核电发展与放射性废物管理的国家职能存在割离,在此基础上提出加快出台放射性固体废物处置选址规划、建立独立的放射性固体废物贮存和处置公司、建立和完善放射性废物管理基金制度等政策建议。 相似文献
7.
8.
国内外石棉废物稳定化处理和再利用技术的研究现状 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
石棉废物在很多国家属于危险废物,各国对于石棉废物的清除和处置有着严格的要求,同时力求通过最安全的稳定化处理方式使石棉废物没有危害,还通过石棉废物的再利用方式减少处置石棉废物过程中带来的危害。 相似文献
9.
废弃物填埋式处理是常见的一种经济而有效的处置形式,但也存在着某些值得商榷的问题。本文从废物处置和环境标准要求出发,在对废物渗出和暴露部分对人和环境的影响进行了全面论证研究,并对其综合评价分析方法进行了有益的探讨。 相似文献
10.
识别所有影响其长期安全的有关因素,即特征(Features)、事件(Events)和过程(Processes)(FEPs),是放射性废物处置场安全全过程系统分析的关键过程之一。我国目前低中放固体废物处置环境影响评价中未开展FEPs识别和景象开发。拟以飞凤山处置场为例,选择自下而上方法的构建方法,对如何建立我国的低中放废物处置FEPs清单进行了探讨。并以最新发布的NEA国际FEPs清单(3.0版)中提出的基于外部因素和处置组成(废物包、处置场、岩石圈和生物圈)的分类方案为基础,结合飞凤山处置场的近地表处置及其环境特征,建立了该处置场的FEPs清单。 相似文献
11.
Philip R. Maul Richard Metcalfe Jonathan Pearce David Savage Julia M. West 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2007,1(4):444-455
The geological storage of carbon dioxide is currently being considered as a possible technology for reducing emissions to atmosphere. Although there are several operational sites where carbon dioxide is stored in this way, methods for assessing the long-term performance and safety of geological storage are at an early stage of development. In this paper the similarities and differences between this field and the geological disposal of radioactive wastes are considered. Priorities are suggested for the development of performance assessment methods for carbon dioxide storage based on areas where experience from radioactive waste disposal can be usefully applied. These include, inter alia, dealing with the various types of uncertainty, using systematic methodologies to ensure an auditable and transparent assessment process, developing whole system models and gaining confidence to model the long-term system evolution by considering information from natural systems. An important area of data shortage remains the potential impacts on humans and ecosystems. 相似文献
12.
本文介绍了放射性废物的主要来源,综述了10多年来,国内外对放射性废物采取的处理、处置方法,并介绍了关于我国中、低水平放射性废物的环境政策。 相似文献
13.
本文介绍了对某放射性固体废弃物浅地表处置场周围环境的终态和连续四年的放射性水平监测。发现该处置场在填埋放射性固体废弃物过程中未对周围环境造成放射性污染,并在四年时间内,该处置场还未出现放射性物质泄漏的情况 相似文献
14.
The current status of the treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes in China is summarized on the basis of the results of
the Declaring and Registration Project initiated nationally in 1995. A principle framework for the sound management of hazardous
wastes is proposed, which includes three levels of technical solutions. Large-scale enterprises are encouraged to recycle,
to treat, and to dispose of wastes by means of constructing facilities, and to have their extra capacities available to the
public for a reasonable fee. Municipal governments, provincial governments, and the Central Government are to plan and construct
centralized facilities to recycle, treat, and dispose of wastes. For a solution at the manufacturing level, recycling is identified
as the main approach. Centralized facilities at the municipal level will mainly focus on special wastes that are unsuitable
to transport and store, such as hospital waste, and for the technical solution at this level, incineration and recycling are
identified as the main approaches. For the technical solution at the provincial and national levels, landfill and incineration
are identified as the main approaches. Based on this principle and the current available data on hazardous wastes, a preliminary
plan for the spatial distribution of cross-provincial centralized treatment and disposal facilities of hazardous wastes is
presented. The construction of approximately nine cross-provincial comprehensive facilities is proposed. A priority list for
the construction of these planned facilities is also presented. 相似文献
15.
16.
伴生矿开发利用引起的天然放射性水平升高正受到国内外的广泛关注。通过介绍和分析我国伴生矿辐射环境管理的现状及其存在的问题,认为问题的制度成因主要是监管职责不明确、资金保证制度和废物处置导则的缺失,在此基础上提出以监管机构为主导,开发废物处置示范工程和建立资金保证制度等政策建议,以推进我国伴生矿辐射环境管理的有效实施。 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
The CSM is the first French waste disposal facility for radioactive waste. Waste material is buried several meters deep and
protected by a multi-layer cover, and equipped with a drainage system. On the surface, the plant cover is a grassland vegetation
type. A scientific assessment has been carried out by the Géophen laboratory, University of Caen, in order to better characterize
the plant cover (ecological groups and associated soils) and to observe its medium and long term evolution. Field assessments
made on 10 plots were complemented by laboratory analyses carried out over a period of 1 year. The results indicate scenarios
and alternative solutions which could arise, in order to passively ensure the long-term safety of the waste disposal system.
Several proposals for a blanket solution are currently being studied and discussed, under the auspices of international research
institutions in order to determine the most appropriate materials for the storage conditions. One proposal is an increased
thickness of these materials associated with a geotechnical barrier since it is well adapted to the forest plants which are
likely to colonize the site. The current experiments that are carried out will allow to select the best option and could provide
feedback for other waste disposal facility sites already being operated in France (CSFMA waste disposal facility, Aube district)
or in other countries. 相似文献