美国油气田钻井固体废物和含油污泥处理处置方式的借鉴意义

本文对美国油气田钻井固体废物和含油污泥废物的属性判断、处理处置方式、钻井固体废物和含油污泥的去向进行介绍,体现了美国对钻井固体废物和含油污泥处理处置的灵活多样性,这对我国钻井固体废物和含油污泥的处理处置管理具有借鉴意义。     

新疆环科院编制的《油气田钻井固体废物综合利用污染控制要求》等三项地方标准发布实施

<正>新疆环科院编制的三项地方标准《油气田钻井固体废物综合利用污染控制要求》(DB65/T 3997-2017)、《油气田含油污泥综合利用污染控制要求》(DB65/T 3998-2017)、《油气田含油污泥及钻井固体废物处理处置技术规范》(DB65/T 3999-2017),已由自治区质量技术监督局批准发布实施。油气田开发行业是新疆的支柱产业,但在开发过程中会产生大量的固体废物,其中钻井固体废物和含油污     

川南页岩气开发的环保形势及对策建议

当前川南页岩气开发面临各类环境敏感区、岩溶发育区等影响选址选线;基本农田保护、土地管理政策等致使征地形势越发严峻;区域固体废物处置能力与不断增长的钻井岩屑需处理量间的矛盾日益突出,钻井岩屑处置压力愈来愈大;压裂返排液处理难度大,达标外排存在经济技术可行、排放标准等瓶颈,深层回注措施存在非技术风险。针对川南页岩气开发面临的环保形势,分别从开发布局、用地保障、钻井岩屑和压裂返排液处置4个方面提出相应的对策建议。     

固体废物处理与处置课程创新实践教学体系研究

实践教学是固体废物处理与处置课程的重要环节,涉及实验、实习、课程设计、毕业论文(设计)等内容,在促进学生将所学专业知识融会贯通、培养学生的创新思维和提高学生实践技能等方面都起着非常重要的作用。在总结固体废物处理与处置课程实践教学现状基础上,论述了固体废物处理与处置课程创新实践教学体系的构建原则、构成要素和建立建议。     

水基钻井废物处理工艺研究与试验

水基钻井废物含化学添加剂、含油物质、盐类及岩屑等,化学组分种类繁多,处理难度大。采用"微波辅助破胶-旋流振动-压制脱水-微生物处置"工艺对水基钻井废物进行多元协同处理研究与试验,随钻连续处理了3口井的三开段组分相对复杂的水基钻井废物,按照DB65/T 3997—2017规定的检测方法,全过程动态跟踪检测分析。结果表明:该工艺对主要污染因子COD、苯并(a)芘及含油率分步去除效果明显,随钻处理可满足现场生产要求,处理后的固废各项指标均满足DB65/T 3997—2017《油气田钻井固体废物综合利用污染控制要求》,与固化处置相比,固废量可减少85%以上,大幅减少了井场固废堆存量。     

我国固体废物的处理现状与对策

本文阐述了我国固体废物的来源、分类、物质组成和产出现状,分析了４种固体废物处置处理方法的优点和局限,提出了治理对策     

油气田企业固体废物处理处置及资源化技术展望

文章梳理了国内外油气田企业固体废物处理处置及资源化技术的现状,提出国内面临缺少含油固体废物处理示范工程、针对油气田固体废物处理的设备少、技术成熟度差、对固体废物低碳化管理的认识不深等问题。对比分析了国内外同行的技术差距,建议加快油气田危险废物热解及资源化处理技术的研发,提升加速型土壤生物修复技术的工程应用,储备快速、惰性土壤修复技术,关注固体废物低碳化管理等。     

钻井固废生物处理技术

针对某油气田钻井固体废物的性质和目前固化处理工艺存在的不足,利用微生物具备较强的代谢多样性,具有分解污染物快、降解彻底等优势特征,进行了生物处理钻井固体废物的试验应用。结果表明,处理钻井废物时只用生物降解菌种,不需再使用其它化学添加剂;将钻井固体物中的有机物转变成土壤腐殖质组分,此土壤能达到GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》三级(旱地)及以上标准,可用作绿化用土。     

固体废弃物处理处置技术设备的发展及产业化方向

本文在全面分析我国固体废物处理处置产业化基础的同时,提出未来我国固体废弃物处理处置技术设备的产业化方向和政策建议     

固体废物全过程管理中固体废物鉴别研究

对固体废物应进行全过程管理,固体废物鉴别是固体废物全过程管理的基础和关键,包括依据产生来源鉴别和过程鉴别两种方法,依据产生来源鉴别包括丧失原有利用价值的物质、在生产过程中产生的副产物、环境治理和污染控制过程中产生的物质、其他物质四类,在每一类中详细地列举了属于该产生来源的具体固体废物种类名称,便于理解和增强可操作性。过程鉴别包括在固体废物再生利用过程和处置过程中的固体废物鉴别两类,其中在再生利用过程的固体废物鉴别中明确指出了固体废物再生利用产物只有同时满足产品质量标准要求、国家污染控制标准要求以及有实际市场需求、固定用户等条件时,才不作为固体废物管理,在处置过程的固体废物鉴别中具体地列出了处置固体废物全过程中仍然作为固体废物管理的国际惯用处置方式。同时,给出了清晰的"原料—产品—固体废物—处置或产品"全过程中固体废物的产生节点和相应的固体废物类别图,为固体废物鉴别工作提供参考,使固体废物全过程管理有的放矢,有效防止固体废物对环境和人体健康造成的危害。     

A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF SERIAL MURDERERS'' DISPOSAL SITE LOCATION CHOICE

The application of environmental psychology principles and findings to the work of criminal investigators is gaining ground. This paper presents one particular application of these principles to the study of those very rare criminals, serial killers. An environmental psychology perspective looks on the rational processes that may underlie these disturbing and highly emotive crimes. For, although the murders committed by serial killers may not be considered rational, but rather a consequence of heightened emotion and lack of impulse control, environmental psychology hypotheses predict that their choice of disposal site location may be guided by a recognisable rationality. Support for this rationality would be evident through their spatial patterns of disposal locations, but these spatial patterns themselves would vary depending on the range over which the offender was operating. It was therefore hypothesised that their spatial patterns would reflect the importance of a) the centrality of the home location for determining the disposal site locations, b) the relevance of maintaining distance between sequential disposal site locations themselves. Further, c) the nature of the influences of home and sequence would vary with the size of the area over which the offender disposed of his victims' bodies.The hypotheses were tested by examining three sub-sets of a sample of 120 American serial murderers, each sub-set travelling a different average distance from their homes to their crimes. The Multidimensional Scaling Procedure, Smallest Space Analysis (SSA-I) was used in order to examine the trends across the distances between each disposal site and every other and their distances from the offender's homes. A three dimensional space was used so that the ‘dimension’ of temporal sequence could be revealed as well as the two dimensions of geographical distances. All hypotheses were supported. Firstly, the home was central to the SSA disposal patterns for each of the three sub-sets. Secondly, the location of each subsequent disposal location tended to be in a different direction from that immediately prior to it. However, thirdly, this sequential process was strongest for the sub-set of 36 offenders who travelled on average less than 10 km and weakest for those 40 offenders who travelled on average greater than 30 km. The implications these results have for modelling offenders' geographical behaviour are discussed.     

污水处理场的优化管理措施

结合某污水处理场的情况,提出了对高浓度混合污水处理工艺进行改进的方法,对炼油、化工废水处理场进行了优化管理。分析了影响污水治理的因素,提出了改进措施。实施改进方法以后,提高了污水处理抗冲击能力和治理效果,使污水处理场实现了长期平稳运行。     

Recycling in the USA : Vision and reality

In 1978 the US Environmental Protection Agency contracted Mathtech Incorporated to identify the impediments to recycling and evaluate their economic effects. The facilities studied represented a cross-section of recycling technologies, ownership types, geographical locations, and recovered products. It was discovered that none of the facilities was economical in the sense of providing the least-cost mode of disposal for municipal solid waste, and all of them suffered net losses in recent operations. Indications were that financial performance would improve slightly. A major deterrent to economical operations was the availability of lower-cost disposal by landfill.     

国内外多氯联苯处理技术综述

简要介绍了目前国内外对多氯联苯的处理技术并比较其优缺点,以期对我国在多氯联苯处理方面的研究和应用提供有益的参考。     

Computer and mobile phone waste in urban India: an analysis from the perspectives of public perception,consumption and disposal behaviour

Sustainable management of Electronic waste (E-waste) is a major challenge for contemporary India, an emerging economy burdened with both the domestic generation and illegal import of E-waste. Considering the ever-increasing complexities of E-waste in Indian cities, this paper aims to evaluate the current trends, opportunities and challenges associated with consumption of electronic items (with respect to computers and mobile phones) and disposal of E-waste in urban India. Bangalore, a city popularly known as the ‘Silicon Valley of India’, is considered as a case study in order to evaluate public awareness, household consumption and E-waste disposal behaviours. The city profile of Bangalore indicates that it has a rapidly emerging market for electronics and thus, has the potential to act as a ‘model’ for evaluating the issues concerning E-waste in metropolitan India. Questionnaires were distributed originally among 300 households with an effective response rate of 63.3%. The results indicate that the majority of households (59.3%) still retain their obsolete electronics due to lack of knowledge about proper E-waste management. High awareness about E-waste and high willingness to recycle/repair their E-waste (above 80% in both cases) are yet to be translated into responsible disposal/recycling behaviour as 95.8% of households have no knowledge about the presence of any formal recycling centre. Income, education, age and gender dimensions associated with E-waste disposal behaviour and awareness were also evaluated. Although we found no gender differences for most of the parameters, there have been some interesting correlations in age and income-wise segregation of disposal behaviour. We noted that the city of Bangalore still possesses some typical Indian socio-cultural characteristics, such as considering E-waste as ‘valuables’, changing several hands before final disposal, defying ‘brand’ or ‘looks’ consciousness, etc., which could be directed towards responsible E-waste disposal behaviours. We suggest that establishing appropriate and convenient E-waste collection/recycling facilities, ensuring responsible household disposal behaviour, implementing effective laws and legislation, and organizing mass E-waste awareness campaigns would aid in addressing the current E-waste concerns in the city.     

上海市食品废弃物处理处置现状综述

对上海市生活垃圾中食品废弃物和餐厨垃圾近年来的产生状况进行了综述,讨论了上海市对生活垃圾中食品废弃物和餐厨垃圾的管理和处理处置现状,并分别进行了总结。最后对上海市食品废弃物的资源化利用进行了展望。     

城市污泥的处理技术及资源化展望

本文讨论了国内外污泥处理的现状，并对目前各种污泥处理方法进行了比较，在此基础上提出污泥资源化的一些途径，认为污泥资源化将是我国污泥处理的主要发展方向。     

碳达峰碳中和目标下固体废物治理的法律因应

我国在联合国大会上提出了“2030年碳达峰2060年碳中和”的目标。为达成此目标,固体废物治理领域也需要积极作出响应。固体废物治理体系的核心是固体废物的处置。不同的固体废物处置方式有着不同的碳排放结果,填埋或焚烧方式处置所排放的温室气体量都远大于循环利用的方式。应以固体废物领域碳排放统一核算制度为基石,从推进政策实施和立法修改等的多个层面上去因应。立法面向上,《固体废物污染环境防治法》《清洁生产促进法》《循环经济促进法》乃至编纂中的“环境法典”都应当围绕减碳模式的固体废物处置方式改进和制定相关法律规范;制度建设面向上,以固体废物碳排放强制核算法律制度建设为主,通过碳排放强制核算制度规范相关主体及其权利义务关系并深度挖掘固体废物处置的碳减排潜力。     

基于PPP模式的城市污水处理工程投融资研究

针对我国城市污水处理资金短缺与城市污水处理设施及管网建设严重不足的现状,探讨了近几年在公共基础设施建设领域中兴起的PPP融资模式在城市污水处理工程项目中的应用,通过分析我国的具体情况,并结合国内外成功实例,阐述了PPP模式在城市污水处理工程中的可行性,找到了民间资本在城市污水处理工程中发挥作用的途径。