博斯腾湖水质矿化度模型及预测研究

根据博斯腾湖１９８５～１９９５年水质监测数据和出入湖水量等水文数据观测值，采用水质扩散模型和盐量平衡关系推导出博斯腾湖大湖区（简称博湖）水质矿化度模型，并预测了几种情况下博湖水质矿化度及近几年变化趋势，分析了影响博湖水质矿化度的主要因素，为博湖的近期和远期环境保护规划、环境管理等提供科学依据．     

博斯腾湖矿化度遥感反演及空间分布特征研究

以我国最大的内陆淡水湖——博斯腾湖为研究对象,利用Terra/MODIS L1B空间分辨率为250 m和500 m的遥感反射率数据及湖水矿化度实测数据建立线性回归模型,分析湖表面矿化度的空间分布特征。结果表明:空间分辨率为500 m的1~7个波段组合建立的多元线性回归模型相关性最高(R~2=0.70),模型验证结果显示,实测值和反演值的相关系数(R~2)为0.82,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.12。利用最优模型对博斯腾湖湖面矿化度进行反演,其分布存在明显的空间梯度,西北、东北和东南湖区矿化度较高,而西南湖区和湖区南部矿化度较低。     

博斯腾湖浮游植物现状调查

本次调查发现博斯腾湖有浮游植物7门,78属,131种.优势种为骈胞藻,全湖广布种为角甲藻.年平均藻量为364万个/升,年数量变动曲线是以秋季为一个高峰的单峰型曲线.以浮游植物的种类组成,优势种、数量、生物量作为浮游植物群落生态学变化的主要指标.综合各项因素并通过多样性指数的计算,对博斯腾湖的污染状况进行了评定,结果表明,该湖为中营养型湖泊.     

从溶解氧含量变化分析博斯腾湖水质现状

通过对博斯腾湖2002 - 2006年水质溶解氧含量变化的分析研究,得出博斯腾湖水位下降,水质溶解氧含量呈下降趋势,博斯腾湖的部分区域有富营养化的趋势的结论.并提出合理调配用水量、在湖周边保持适量的湿地、利用外力加速水质的循环等对策和建议.     

新疆博斯腾湖“十三五”期间水环境质量变化分析

基于博斯腾湖大湖区内17个采样点位2016—2020年监测数据,分析“十三五”期间博斯腾湖水质的动态变化特征。结果表明：在“十三五”期间,17个监测点位中除博斯腾湖14#点位由Ⅲ类上升为Ⅱ类水质,其余点位均在Ⅲ～Ⅳ类水质间波动,主要污染指标为化学需氧量。结合5 a地方政府采取的综合污染防治措施,分析了水质变化的原因,并提出相应对策建议,以便更好地推进博斯腾湖水污染防治工作。     

基于多级灰关联法的博斯腾湖水生态健康评价

采用生态系统健康结构和功能指标建立了由物理化学指标体系、生态指标体系2个二级指标体系组成的生态系统健康评价指标体系。将多级灰关联理论引入系统综合评价之中,采用多级灰关联评价方法和综合营养状态指数评价方法相结合,对博斯腾湖自2001年以来水生态健康变化情况进行了综合评价与分析。评价结果显示,自2001年以来博斯腾湖的生态系统健康状态总体情况为中等,自2007年以来生态系统健康综合指数呈一定的下降趋势,并找出了导致水环境恶化的主要原因。     

中国环境监测总站专家来新疆考察博斯腾湖水质监测情况

2009年8月12—15日,中国环境监测总站刘廷良主任、刘京研究员一行来新疆考察博斯腾湖水质监测情况。新疆环境监测总站站长及巴音郭楞州环保局和监测站领导陪同两位专家进行了实地考察。     

博斯腾湖流域污染治理与生态环境保护对策浅析

近年来,由于生态环境问题日趋严重、工业污染、生活污水和农业洗田排水均未经过有效处理直接或间接排入博斯腾湖,使湖中盐分、氮、磷、有机质等总量逐年增加,致使博斯腾湖污染加重,水质恶化。本文通过对博斯腾湖流域污染与生态环境现状和存在问题的分析,针对性地提出了保护博斯腾湖流域的综合治理措施。     

城市生活垃圾处理现状分析及对策

通过对一些有代表性的城市生活垃圾处理现状及存在问题的分析，结合具体情况提出了城市生活垃圾处理的途径，为今后进行城市生活垃圾处理提供了参考。     

江苏省水环境质量监测现状与对策分析

简述了近40年来江苏省水环境质量监测工作正朝着监测对象不断完善、监测频次渐趋合理、监测指标全面覆盖的方向发展。指出,监测能力建设滞后于管理需求、重复监测影响管理决策、冗余监测增加工作负荷、监测点位设置缺乏针对性是当前江苏省水环境质量监测存在的主要问题。提出,加强监测系统能力建设、建立水质监测权威性、提高水质监测效能、提升数据研判能力的水环境质量监测建议,为环境管理、污染防治提供科学决策支撑。     

逻辑斯谛模型在新疆喀纳斯湖旅游业发展中的启示

随着旅游业的发展,如何处理旅游业发展与生态环境的关系,寻求旅游与自然的和谐发展,成为旅游研究中的焦点.逻辑斯谛模型是一个属于增长类型的模型,经过逻辑斯谛方程在新疆喀纳斯湖旅游发展中的延伸应用,为进一步拓展生态旅游景区研究奠定了理论基础.     

新疆土壤盐分的组成和分布特征

为了掌握监测区土壤盐分的组成和分布特征,通过采集监测样点地表0～30cm土层,对土壤总盐、八大离子等项目进行分析。结果表明,新疆土壤盐分含量高、盐分类型多样、盐分分布有一定的地带分布特性。同时土地利用方式的改变（人为活动）对土壤中盐分组成和分布有一定的影响。     

Monitoring Changes in Freshwater Macroinvertebrate Communities Along a Salinity Gradient Using Artificial Substrates

Scientists strive to develop efficient sampling protocols, reducing both the number of samples and processing time required, which can be adapted for use in a broad range of ecosystems. We investigated the accuracy and usefulness of artificial substrates in monitoring the impact of rising salinity on freshwater macroinvertebrate communities. We sampled seven sites along a salinity gradient (from 0.2gL^-1 to 2.6gL^-1) over a 19-km stretch of the Meurthe River, in northeastern France. All other parameters remained stable in this section of the river. Artificial substrate samples, each consisting of six liters of pebbles, were removed from the river at one-month intervals and examined. Results obtained indicated the same qualitative impairments as those found in samples collected using a Surber net. The use of artificial substrates was found to be a viable alternative method for assessing biological changes in river quality due to increasing salinity disturbance when Surber sampling cannot be performed.     

新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区建设及效益分析

艾比湖是典型的干旱区湖泊,具有特殊湿地的干旱生态系统.晚更新世晚期开始,由于气候逐渐变干,艾比湖不断萎缩.20世纪50年代至80年代末,由于湖区人口的激增及其对水土资源的不合理开发利用,加速了湖泊干缩的进程,80年代后期至今,随着新疆北部的气候向暖湿转变,以及湖区人口和耕地增长趋缓,艾比湖湖面出现波动扩张态势.本文对艾比湖湿地自然保护区的建设及效益情况进行了阐述.     

Productivity and Distribution of Epipellic Microalgae Along Salinity Gradients in Mangrove Swamp of the Qua Iboe Estuary (NIGERIA)

Based on spatial variation in tidal mud salinity, direct gradient analysis procedures were adopted to relate the productivity and distribution of epipellic microalgae along salinity gradients in mangrove swamp of the Qua Iboe Estuary. Variations in mud salinities were due to distance from the coast, tidal incursions and freshwater input. The dilution effect of fresh water input from rainfall, urban runoff and associated freshwater creeks was most severe during the rainy season month of July, with much lower salinity levels recorded, in comparison to higher salinity values, recorded for same sampling locations during the drier month of December. In the dry season, all the microalgae species but Closterium (a genus of soft, green algae) and Oscillatoria (a cyanobacterium) species encountered in the tidal mud flats showed statistically significant negative correlations with salinity, while most microalgae species excluding Oscillatoria and Closterium species were positively correlated with the same factor during the wet season. Four Ecological Groups of microalgae, were established in the dry season month of December as against two Ecological Groups in the wet season month of July. However no microalgae species was found to occur on the highest values of mud salinity and there were overlapping range of occurrences and ecological optima for most species along the gradients.     

Multivariate Analysis of Interactions Between Phytoplankton Biomass and Environmental Variables in Taihu Lake, China

Phytoplankton variation in large shallow eutrophic lakes is characterized by high spatial and temporal heterogenity. Understanding the pattern of phytoplankton variation and the relationships between it and environmental variables can contribute to eutrophic lakes management. In this study Taihu Lake, one of the largest eutrophic fresh water lake in China, was taken as study area. The water body of Taihu Lake was divided into five regions viz. Wuli bay (WB), Meilian Bay (MB), West Taihu Lake (WTL), Main Body of Taihu Lake (MBTL) and East Taihu Lake (ETL). Concentrations of chlorophyll-a and the related environmental variables were determined in each region in the period 2000–2003. Factor analysis and multivariate analysis were applied to evaluate the interactions between phytoplankton variation and environmental variables. Results showed that the highest average concentrations of TN, TP and Chl-a were observed in WB, followed in a descending order by MB and WTL, and the lowest concentrations of TN, TP and Chl-a were observed in MBTL and ETL. Chl-a and TP concentrations in most regions (except ETL) declined during the study period. It suggested that to some extent the lake was recovering from eutrophication. However, persistent ascending of TN and NH₄–N in all five regions indicated the deteriorating of water quality in the study period. Results of multivariate showed that the relationships between phytoplankton biomass and environmental variables varied among regions. TP illustrated itself a controlling role on phytoplankton in WB, MB, WTL and MBTL according to the significant positive relations to phytoplankton biomass in these regions. Nitrogen could be identified as a limiting factor to phytoplankton biomass in ETL in view of the positive correlations between TN and phytoplankton and between NH₄–N and phytoplankton. Spatial variation of interactions between phytoplankton and environmental parameters suggested proper eutrophication control measures were needed to restore ecological system in each region of Taihu Lake.