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This paper examines the extent to which economic development decreases a country's risk of experiencing climate‐related disasters as well as the societal impacts of those events. The paper proceeds from the underlying assumption that disasters are not inherently natural, but arise from the intersection of naturally‐occurring hazards within fragile environments. It uses data from the International Disaster Database (EM‐DAT), 1 representing country‐year‐level observations over the period 1980–2007. The study finds that low‐income countries are significantly more at risk of climate‐related disasters, even after controlling for exposure to climate hazards and other factors that may confound disaster reporting. Following the occurrence of a disaster, higher income generally diminishes a country's social vulnerability to such happenings, resulting in lower levels of mortality and morbidity. This implies that continued economic development may be a powerful tool for lessening social vulnerability to climate change. 相似文献
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E.L. QUARANTELLI 《Disasters》1991,15(3):274-277
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台风破坏性巨大,易与暴雨、洪涝、风暴潮灾害发生碰头现象,严重威胁沿海地区人民的生命和财产安全。因此,台风减灾决策研究对于保护人民生命财产安全至关重要。该文基于系统动力学和多灾种灾害建立防灾减灾模型,包括物资人员调度子块、信息传递子块、灾害系统子块。以海南省海口市台风灾情及政府防灾减灾工作为例进行数值模拟,仿真结果表明:政府资源调度能力越高,城市应急能力达到峰值速率越快;受预警等级及应急能力的影响,信息热度迅速上升至峰值,之后缓慢下降;对建筑物与电力系统进行抗灾加固,降低其脆弱性,提高水库堤坝及交通防灾减灾工作人员配比可以在很大程度上减缓灾情。该模型能为政府制定防灾减灾策略提供理论依据。 相似文献
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广东省台风灾害特点及减灾对策 总被引:17,自引:5,他引:12
根据《台风年鉴》等台风资料,分析了广东省台风灾害的特点,讨论了台风灾害对广东省经济,社会及生态环境的影响,并针对广东省台风灾害的特点提出了减轻台风灾害的对策。 相似文献
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滇、桂、粤、闽、台灾害链讨论 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
由于对洪水、台风和巨大风暴潮的长期预测尚有一定困难,因之需要多学科进行综合研究。本文通过对滇、桂、粤、闽、台地区历史上大震后同年或次年发生上述重大气象灾害的事实,讨论了灾害链的预测,同时也讨论了灾害链的形成机制,包括构造活动、北回归线效应以及孟加拉湾大桥活动的双重后果。文中还提出了4条减灾对策。 相似文献
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尾矿库溃坝灾害链及断链减灾控制技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
尾矿库溃坝灾害是影响矿山安全的主要灾害之一,其溃坝机理和控制的研究是当前的热点问题.在尾矿库事故统计分析基础上,根据灾害系统理论,从尾矿库溃坝灾害的形成发育过程入手,构建了五种常见的尾矿库溃坝灾害链模型和灾害链节点横向耦合形成的复杂灾害链网,分析了其成灾特征,并结合工程实例验证了理论模型的合理性.研究结果表明:①尾矿库溃坝灾害链演变过程可划分为早期孕育阶段、中期潜存阶段和晚期诱发阶段;②从各阶段的特征出发,提出了相应断链减灾措施,特别是早期孕源减灾策略;③将尾矿库溃坝灾害链理论应用于湖南省某尾矿库工程治理上,实现了该尾矿库灾害控制. 相似文献
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JC Gaillard 《Disasters》2019,43(Z1):S7-S17
Disaster studies is faced with a fascinating anomaly: frequently it claims to be critical and innovative, as suggested by the so‐called vulnerability paradigm that emerged more than 40 years ago, yet often it is perpetuating some of the core and problematic tenets of the hazard paradigm that we were asked to challenge initially. This paper interrogates why such an anomaly persists. In so doing, it employs Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony to unpack why disaster studies is still dominated by Western epistemologies and scholars that perpetuate an orientalist view of disasters. Ultimately, it suggests a research agenda for the 40 years to come, which builds on the importance of local researchers analysing local disasters using local epistemologies, especially in the non‐Western world. Such subaltern disaster studies are to be fuelled by increasing consciousness of the need to resist the hegemony of Western scholarship and to relocate disaster studies within the realm of its original political agenda. 相似文献