《安全原理》课程教学探讨

《安全原理》是安全工程专业的重要的专业基础课。与安全工程专业一样,《安全原理》课程的总体教学方案并不成熟,存在各个学校间教学内容不统一、教学方法不成熟等问题。论文根据教学实践分析了《安全原理》课程的特点及教学上的难点,在教学内容和教学手段方面提出了自己观点。《安全原理》的课程特点体现在内容琐碎、枯燥且不统一,也因此形成了教学内容安排和教学方法选择上的教学难点。为了解决这些问题,论文提出了以事故致因理论和事故预防与控制的基本原理为主的教学内容和包括案例教学法、启发讨论式教学、视频资料的应用、英文原版材料的应用的教学方法。希望本文能在提高《安全原理》课程的教学效果方面发挥一定指导作用。     

安全工程专业教学方法改革与创新型人才培养

为了应对当今不断发展和进步的科技社会的调整与挑战,提高安全专业技术人才的综合素质,分析了安全工程专业特点及创新能力建设与安全工程专业的关系,提出了通过改革教学方法,提高安全工程技术人才的创新能力。教师在教学过程中应充分考虑安全工程专业学生的特点及各门课程的类型和特点,宜灵活采用多样化的课堂教学方法,如模块式分层案例教学、支架式教学、启发讨论式教学、多媒体教学及标准化实验教学等。教学方法的选择和优化对提高学生学习的积极性,激发学生的创造性,提升教学质量具有重要意义。     

安全科学系列研究生新课程创建及推广经验

为填补安全科学基础理论和安全科学与工程专业研究生教育领域中安全科学类课程的空白,采用理论研究方法和基于“创新安全科学理论—发表系列论文—撰写研究生教材—开设研究生课程—向全国高校推广”的发展思路,经过10多年的不懈努力,先后在国内外行业主流期刊发表200多篇论文,并将这些系列论文编撰成专著教材出版,包括《安全科学原理》《安全科学方法学》《安全统计学》《安全信息学》《安全文化学》《现代安全教育学及其应用》等,在此基础上创建相应的研究生课程及其配套教学资源,并在全国拥有安全科学与工程等学位点的高校中推广,取得显著效果。上述安全科学系列研究生新课程的创建及其经验,可助力安全科学的发展及其应用,同时为安全新学科建设提供参考经验。     

安全工程本科专业实验课程设置

介绍了安全工程专业课程及实验课程设置的现状,探讨了实验课程的设置体系.实验课可以分为人-机-环基础实验课程、专业基础实验课程和特色专业课程,并分别对每一类实验课程设置的主要内容进行了论述.认为各院校实验课程设置原则是根据原有优势条件、经费情况和学生就业方向合理确定实验课程,对于人-机-环基础实验课程、专业基础实验课程的主要实验应该开设,对于特色实验课可以有选择地开设.为培养高素质的安全人才奠定基础.     

安全工程专业实验课程体系设置研究

以中国劳动关系学院安全工程专业为例,探讨其实验课程体系设置问题,认为实验课分为基础实验课、专业基础实验课、特色实验课3部分。笔者分别论述各部分课程的内容、学时以及不同年级学时分配情况;强调专业实验课程的设置应依托安全工程专业的培养计划,在保证基础实验课的基础上,根据学校的实际情况开设体现学科优势的特色实验课;优化实验课程体系,增加综合性设计性实验比例,加强实验室管理,建立完善的实验室管理制度,为培养创新人才奠定基础。     

关于安全工程专业培养计划的思考

我国经济建设和精神文明正在协调发展 ,如何适应安全科学教育的新发展机遇是人们安全教育工作者所关注和深思的问题。笔者在分析新世纪安全人才需求特点的基础上 ,探讨了安全人才的知识结构与培养模式 ;指出安全工程专业人才 ,除应系统掌握安全科学的基本理论、基本方法以及安全生产的基本规律外 ,还要与采矿、冶金、建筑、机械、电气、化工、交通、环境等专业的必修专业基础课有机结合 ,在课程内容 ,教学结构方面 ,实现优化配置 ,提高学生综合分析和解决实际安全问题的能力。另外 ,在注意多层次培养安全技术人才的同时 ,还要加强对高校其他非安全工程专业大学生的安全知识教育 ,提高其安全文化素质 ,在今后的工作和活动中能自觉充分地考虑安全问题。     

Occupational Health and Safety post-graduation courses in Europe: A general overview

The education of safety professionals shows a high variety in their level of approved qualifications, ranging from a technician level up to university master courses, and more recently, doctoral programs. In European countries, it seems that there are some differences in what regards the characteristics of the courses. These may be due to national particularities and legal issues, but also to the nature of the institutions and people ‘behind’ the courses.This paper presents the results of a survey carried out in the scope of an European research project and it aims to provide a basic understanding of the range and diversity of the OHS post-graduation courses. With an estimated average answer rate of 50%, the survey has only included courses with more than 120 teaching hours, from a post-graduation level, and with complete programs. Results are presented for 90 courses, from 18 countries, mainly (84.4%) from universities.It is possible to highlight the fact that, as expected, the majority of the courses (59%) are Masters (or equivalent), and are organised primarily by Engineering, Applied Sciences and Management schools/faculties, which together accounted for nearly 65% of the courses. In what regards the adopted quality systems reported by respondents, there is a predominance (65.8%) of the use of “internal” tools, such as the students and teachers evaluations and internal audits.One of the main conclusions is that there is a large variability amongst the analysed courses. However, it should be emphasised that these results are not representative of the situation all around Europe, as it was not possible to obtain information from all OHS courses. Considering the identified differences within all the European countries, the harmonisation of post-graduation courses on OHS, if it is to occur, has a long way to go.     

Reliability data acquisition and evaluation in process plants

Based on the practical experience of assessing reliability data in two plants of the explosives industry, the organization and scope of the data collection, the component delimitation, the procedures of quality assurance and the data evaluation for their final use in PSA studies are presented. An example is given for the type of detection and repair, etc. The mathematical background for evaluating observed component lifetimes is discussed. Both frequentist and Bayesian methods are addressed. The resulting failure rate distributions and their approximations by log-normal distributions for several key components are presented. They were obtained using a Bayesian approach with a non-informative prior. Remarks on uncertainty, their treatment and a proposal for transferring data to plants other than the ones investigated conclude the presentation.     

安全工程专业实验课研究性教学与创新型人才培养

基于我国高校实验教学现况,阐述对本科专业实验课进行研究性教学改革的必要性和可行性。在论述研究性教学的特征及其在实验教学中优越性基础上,结合安全工程专业的《安全检测技术》实验课的教学改革实践,提出从实验指导书、实验教学大纲、教学方案和考核方式等方面进行全面改革,探讨专业实验课研究性教学中实验设计、实施过程以及对实验环境的要求与改革,提出大力加强开展综合性、设计性及研究创新性实验,并将专业实验课教学与教师科研课题进行有效结合。教改实践表明,在专业实验课中实施研究性教学,有利于实现教学相长、教学与科研相融、人才培养链相接,对培养安全工程创新型人才具有重要意义。     

基于大坝安全鉴定和专家经验的病险程度评价技术

针对目前我国大坝安全鉴定办法在病险水库严重程度评价中的不足,提出一种大坝病险严重程度的评价方法。以现行大坝安全鉴定技术和专家经验为基础,将水库大坝病险分为五级;提出病险严重性分级以及定性定量转换原则;建立防洪能力、渗流、稳定、变形裂缝、抗震能力、金属结构、工程质量、运行管理、现场检查9个评价大坝病险程度因素的指标体系以及分级和定性-定量转换方法;采用线性加权和法进行病险严重程度综合评价;研究并提出病险程度综合评价影响系数模型以及两种权重确定方法;建立了一套较为完整的病险程度综合评价体系。通过举例分析,提供了使用该方法的途径和过程,表明该方法的可操作性,可行性和实用性。     

消防工程专业研究型本科教学体系研究

为培养研究型消防工程人才,在分析国内外消防专业主要课程设置的基础上,笔者给出了消防工程专业研究型本科教学培养方案构建的指导思想、基本原则和各类课程安排的整体思路。将课程分为通识教育课、专业大类课、专业主干课和专业选修课四大类分别培养学生的基础和专业知识。通过改革课程考核方式、设置独立实验课程和选修课、加强课程设计和优化毕业设计选题等方式提高对学生实践和创新能力的培养。构建完善的消防工程专业教学体系,着力培养学生实践和创新能力对于我国消防工程专业的可持续发展具有重要的意义。     

The effectiveness of home-study driver education compared to classroom instruction: the impact on student knowledge and attitudes

PROBLEM: Home-study driver education programs exist in several states, but none have been scientifically evaluated to determine if such courses are as effective as classroom courses for teaching driver education. METHOD: Over 1,300 students were randomly assigned to classroom instruction, or CD ROM, workbook, or Internet/workbook home-study courses and compared on proctored exit examination knowledge and attitude scores, and written knowledge test outcomes. RESULTS: Few differences were found on exit examination knowledge and attitude scores, but they tended to favor the CD and Internet/workbook home-study courses over the classroom or workbook courses. Differences favoring the classroom on written knowledge test outcomes likely reflect a bias in classroom courses toward teaching test-specific material. DISCUSSION: The findings present no compelling evidence that home-study courses are less effective than classroom courses for teaching driver education. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The findings could result in more widespread use of home-study courses. Also, the use of low-cost home-study courses as the first course of a two-stage driver education and training system could make integrating such programs with graduated driver licensing more feasible and acceptable to the public.     

安全工程本科的“工程型大安全”教学方案构建

“大安全”在安全科学技术教育界广为推崇。它的含义是指广泛适用于解决各个行业、各类组织安全问题的科学理论和方法。“大安全”是我国高等学校安全工程专业本科教育的基本目标之一 ,构建适当的课程教学方案是实现这一目标必需的途经。笔者围绕安全科学技术的研究对象———事故、研究内容———事故的发生发展规律、预防策略和救援方法 ,构建出一种安全工程专业本科的“大安全”课程教学方案。所构建的教学方案由通用于各行业的基础课、专业基础课和针对特定行业的专业课组成。方案中工程技术类课程占有主导地位 ,所以 ,可称为“工程型大安全”课程方案。统计分析表明 ,应用该方案所培养的学生就业面宽广 ,这种类型的课程教学方案符合市场需求     

Theoretical Analysis of Percussive Tests of Products

The goal of theoretical research is to establish parameters, which have to be given in standards for percussive tests of products. Those parameters are essential for each user to be able to construct identical (equivalent) testing equipment. This would ensure identical results for identical products.

The paper presents a detailed analysis of the distribution and the value of the forces generated during percussive collisions of two bodies. Elastic, plastic, and elastoplastic collisions are considered. Parameters determining the coefficient of restitution, the courses of energy, momenta, and the values of the forces in colliding elements are determined. The dynamic force acting on a product during a percussive test was studied.     

Layer of Protection Analysis – Quantifying human performance in initiating events and independent protection layers

Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) is widely used within the process industries as a simplified method to address risks and determine the sufficiency of protection layers. LOPA brings a consistent approach with added objectivity and a greater degree of understanding of the scenarios and risks as compared to purely qualitative studies such as Process Hazard Analyses. LOPA can be used to address a wide range of risk issues and serves as a highly effective aid to decision making.Incorporation of human performance within LOPA is recognized as an important, though often challenging, aspect of the analysis. The human role in potential initiating events or within human independent protection layers is important throughout the process industries, and becomes even more critical for batch processing facilities and in non-routine operations. The human role is key to process safety and the control of risks, necessitating the inclusion and quantification of human actions in independent protection layers for most companies. Human activities as potential initiating events and human performance within independent protection layers are reviewed and methods for quantification outlined. An extension into Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) is provided, including methods to develop Human Error Probabilities specific to the process safety culture and operations at a given plant site.     

安全信息学课程内容体系研究*

为完善安全信息学课程内容体系,推动安全信息人才培养和安全信息学学科发展,通过分析安全信息学课程内涵、目标、地位及性质,归纳论证安全信息学课程内容体系建立依据（包括建立视角和指导思想）,提出安全信息学课程内容体系。结果表明:安全信息学课程内容体系建设应立足学科高度,基于大安全和安全管理视角,遵循“课程上游内容（基础安全信息学）→课程中游内容（服务安全管理的安全信息学）→课程下游内容（应用安全信息学）”这一逻辑主线。研究结果可为安全信息学课程教学内容设置提供参考和支撑,有助于推动安全信息学课程设置推广与安全信息人才培养。     

管道烟气静压测量方法探讨

通过对三种常用管道烟气静压测定法进行理论和试验分析,推荐一种实用的静压间接测定法,并对该法进行理论分析和试验验证。     

专业认证框架下安全工程专业课程体系改革探索与实践

安全工程专业课程体系的设置决定着安全工程专业人才的培养质量和就业方向,因此,建立合理的安全工程专业课程体系是安全工程专业人才更好地满足社会需要的根本保证。针对当前安全工程专业课程体系设置的现状,对存在的问题进行了分析,引入专业认证标准来对课程进行设置,并进行初步探索和实践。将学校安全工程专业理论教学体系整合成4个模块:通识教育课程、学科基础课程、专业发展课程、专业方向课程。其中专业课程约占总学时16%,基础课占70%以上。实践教学课程体系由专业实验课、学科基础实践、专业实践构成,总学分43.5。     

烧结厂45m砖烟囱裂缝分析及加固

对砖烟囱的裂缝进行了全面介绍,并对其产生裂缝的原因进行分析,提出可靠的加固方案。