氮气中1,3-丁二烯气体标准样品的研制

采用重量法对氮气中1,3 -丁二烯气体标准样品的制备方法进行了研究.依据国际标准化组织(ISO)颁布的“6142气体分析-校准气体混合物的制备-重量法”的标准方法,对标准气体在重量法制备过程中的定值分析、不确定度来源、不确定度估算以及不确定度合成进行了阐述.制备的1,3 -丁二烯气体标准样品量值与同类标准样品量值具有可比性,能够满足环境有机污染物监测工作的需要.     

焚烧源二噁英连续采样技术与运行评价

将研发的二噁英连续采样装置与G4型常规烟道气等速采样器同步采样,通过示范运行,考察该连续采样装置的长期采样性能。试验表明,2种采样设备同步采集的样品具有一致性,其二噁英指纹、二噁英浓度和毒性当量相符合。1周的示范运行连续采样试验表明,该连续采样装置中的二噁英捕集材料未发生穿透。1个月的连续采样实测表明,连续采样测定中烟道气排放二噁英毒性当量浓度(以I-TEQ计)为35.0 pg/m3(标况下),采样回收率为71.2%。     

GC/MS联用仪对几种自来水中有机污染物的分析

采用美国惠普公司色谱—质谱联用仪,研究了武汉市几种自来水中所含有机污染物的种类、组成及相对含量,得出了这几种水中有机物的分布特征,分析了污染物的来源,并从不同角度比较了这几种水的污染情况。     

便携式固相微萃取-气质联用法结合离子隔离技术现场测定水中4种异味物质

建立了便携式固相微萃取-气质联用法（SPME-GC-MS）,结合离子隔离技术（SIS）现场测定水中4种异味物质（土臭素、2-甲基异莰醇、二甲基二硫醚、二甲基三硫醚）的方法,比较了全扫描（SCAN）、选择离子扫描（SIM）和SIS模式分析同一浓度4种异味物质的信噪比。结果表明,SIS模式的信噪比高,是SIM模式的1.6～3.6倍,方法灵敏度较好。在建立的实验条件下,4种异味物质检出限为0.6～1.5 ng/L,相关系数均＞0.999,相对标准偏差为3.7%～8.1%,地表水实际样品的加标回收率为82.4%～97.8%。于2023年6—9月,在江苏省CC河现场监测地表水样品中的土臭素和2-甲基异莰醇,结果表明,不同点位间2种异味物质的质量浓度存在差异,各点位这2种物质的质量浓度随时间变化趋势一致,实际监测应用效果良好。分析土臭素、2-甲基异莰醇与水质指标水温、氨氮、总磷、总氮、浊度间皮尔逊（Pearson）相关系数,结果表明,2种物质与水质指标无显著相关性。该方法具有操作简单、快捷的优点,能够实现对水体中4种异味物质的现场快速监测。     

气相色谱法测定废气中非甲烷总烃的标准气体选择

气相色谱法测定废气中非甲烷总烃,国内外相关标准选用的标准气体各不相同,通过试验考察各标准气体对测定的影响,并比对相关文献信息。结果表明:甲烷和丙烷(浓度以碳计)在填充柱气相色谱仪和毛细管柱气相色谱仪FID检测器上的响应无明显差异,而采用甲烷作为标准气体,分析时间短,工作效率高。     

氨气敏电极法和纳氏试剂分光光度法对地表水中氨氮的比对测试

采用不同质量浓度的氨氮标准样品和实际样品,用氨气敏电极法和纳氏试剂分光光度法进行同步测试。结果表明,2种分析方法在水样氨氮质量浓度在0. 159～2. 81 mg/L范围内具有良好的可比性、精密性和准确性。氨气敏电极法的检出限为0. 03 mg/L,平行6次测定样品的相对标准偏差为0. 4%～4. 2%,加标回收率为85. 0%～110%;纳氏试剂分光光度法的检出限为0. 025 mg/L,平行6次测定样品的相对标准偏差为0. 5%～6. 4%,加标回收率为93. 0%～99. 8%。同时氨气敏电极法在样品预处理、试剂配制和分析时间上要优于纳氏试剂分光光度法。氨气敏电极法能够满足地表水自动监测在线比对实际工作的需求,该方法具有良好的适用性。     

工业烟气氨排放特征及其对颗粒物污染形成影响

氮氧化物（NO_X）超低排放控制背景下,工业烟气氨（NH₃）逃逸问题被广泛关注。为探究重点行业NH₃逃逸现状及其对空气质量的影响,本研究于2022年3—6月针对江苏省7个重点行业烟气NH₃排放进行了监测,并针对NH₃逃逸严重的4条生产线测试其可凝结颗粒物（CPM）的排放特征。研究结果显示,68家企业的NH₃排放质量浓度为0.7～65.4 mg/m³,热电、日用玻璃行业的NH₃逃逸问题突出,其NH₃平均质量浓度分别为37.4,39.2 mg/m³。采用选择性非催化还原（SNCR）脱硝设施的工业烟气NH₃排放质量浓度分别是采用选择性催化还原（SCR）和SNCR+SCR联合技术的2.36,1.42倍;NH₃逃逸现象严重的生产线的排气筒出口处CPM质量浓度达到717～1 322 mg/m³,抵消了脱硫、脱硝和除尘带来的减排效果,对细颗粒物（PM_2.5）污染有直接贡献。研究结果可对我国二次颗粒物来源与治理方向提供支撑。     

环境空气气态污染物(CO、SO2、NO)标准气体质量评估

为了解当前不同来源环境空气气态污染物(CO、SO₂、NO)标气质量状况,选择12家主流气态污染物(CO、SO₂、NO)标气制造商,分别匿名采购3种气态污染物标气,建立2家参考实验室共同测试的模式和计量溯源一致性评价方法,对标气进行测试后,采用En值法评价其定值准确性,同时评估其技术资料完整性。结果显示:12家制造商的72瓶有证标气中,有9瓶标气定值结果准确性评价为不合格,涉及5个制造商来源,其中NO作为反应性气体,不合格标气数量最多,占比达20.8%;12家制造商中8家技术资料完整。鉴于标准气体对气态污染物监测结果的准确性、可比性和可溯源性具有重要意义,建议进一步加强标气质量事中事后监管和行业评估,推动制造商不断提高标气生产水平。标气使用者则应尽量选择质量可靠的有证标气。     

Short-term Distributions of Reduced Sulfur Compounds in the Ambient Air Surrounding a Large Landfill Facility

In order to explore the environmental behavior of reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) as malodorous components emitted from diverse source processes, the distribution characteristics of four sulfur (S) compounds - hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), methyl mercaptan (CH₃SH), dimethyl sulfide (DMS: (CH₃)₂S), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS: (CH₃)₂S₂) – were investigated in a municipal landfill area. In the course of this study, their ambient concentration levels were measured during two time periods from 13 individual spots selected as a function of distance from the center of the landfill site. The results generally indicated the absolute dominance of H₂S over the other S compounds investigated (up to 5 km radius) such that their mean values were found as 1415 (H₂S), 148 (DMS), 20.6 (CH₃SH), and 14.4 ppt (DMDS). When our data were compared in terms of either varying distance from the source or relationship with meteorological conditions, the H₂S data sets were most evident to reflect the potential effects of strong source processes in the landfill environment, relative to other S gases (or to volatile organic compounds measured concurrently). The results of this study further indicated the relatively good correspondence between the measured H₂S concentration level and humans' intuitive sensory of odor and nuisance.     

Characterization of the Leachate in an Urban Landfill by Physicochemical Analysis and Solid Phase Microextraction-GC/MS

The aim of this study is to evaluate extensively the characterization and identification of major pollutant parameters by paying attention to the organic chemical pollution for unregulated dumping site leachate in Eskişehir/Turkey. The study that is first and only one research has been very important data related with before new sanitary landfill site in Eskişehir city. For this purpose, in this study leachate samples were collected in-situ at monthly interval for a period of 8 months. Firstly, thirty three physicochemical parameters were monitored. Secondly, SPME technique was used for identification of organic pollutants. Meteorological data were also recorded for the same sampling period to correlate meteorological data and physicochemical parameters. Mean values are used in the correlation analysis. Correlation is shown only for the relationship between air temperature and NO₃ ⁻. No correlation has been found between rain and leachate quality parameters since the amount of rain was very low during the sampling period. However, analysis results were generally decreased in winter season when each parameter and each sampling point are examined separately. According to correlation between every parameter, especially solid content and dissolved oxygen concentration of leachate is affecting to other parameters. Also, sodium and potassium are changing proportionally with same parameters (suspended solids, fixed solids, dissolved oxygen) and high correlation between chloride and heavy metal concentration is showing. The results were statistically evaluated by use of SPSS 10.0 program. Second part of the study, the leachate was extracted by Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) technique and then analyzed. Of the methodologies tested in this study, the best one selected was based on 100 μ m polydimethylsiloxane coated fiber (PDMS), headspace with heating (Δ HS) sampling mode and an extraction time of 15 min. at a temperature of 50 ^o C. Thirty three organic compounds in leachate were identified by GC/MS.