Characteristics and distribution of low molecular weight organic acids in the sediment porewaters in Bosten Lake, China

The composition and vertical profiles of low molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) and the contribution of them to dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sediment porewaters in Bosten Lake, Xinjiang, China were investigated. The results showed that total concentration of LMWOAs was up to 94.5 μmol/L and their proportion in DOM was 5.6%, suggesting that LMWOAs were important chemical components in DOM in lake sediment porewaters. Among the seven LMWOAs, pyruvic and acetic acid had the highest concentrations with 26.30 and 8.31 μmol/L, accounting for 51.4% and 14.92% of LMWOAs, respectively. Trifluoroacetic and sorbic acid had the lowest concentrations, indicating that the compositions of LMWOAs in relative reducing environments were largely different from those reported in glacier, atmosphere and soils. The concentrations of lactic, acetic, formic, sorbic and oxalic acid decreased with increasing depth, probably relating to stronger microbial activities in the initial stage of early diagenesis. Trifluoroacetic acid was mainly anthropogenic with its concentration, showing a diusive trend from the surface to bottom sediments. The concentrations of lactic acid and nitrate generally showed a consistent profile. The increasing concentration of pyruvic acid in the vertical profile was just opposite to that of sulfate, revealing a significant negative relationship between them. Oxalic acid remained constant except for an obvious peak at 6 cm depth. The results indicated the diversities in sources and behaviors for various LMWOAs during early diagenesis in sediments.     

Temporal and spatial variations of low-molecular-weight organic acids in Dianchi Lake, China

Low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in eutrophic lake water of Dianchi, Southwestern China Plateau were investigated diurnally and vertically using ion chromatography. Two profiles (P1 and P2) were studied due to the difference of hydrochemical features. Lactic, formic, pyruvic and oxalic acid were detected as major components at P1 and P2 which were on average 7.98 and 6.53 mol/L, respectively, corresponding to their proportions of 2.68% and 2.48% relative to DOC. Pyruvic acid was regarded as the uppermost species at P1 and P2, reaching up to 3.82 and 3.35 mol/L and accounting for 47.9% and 51.3%, respectively, in individual TOA. Although humus were of biogenetic production at both sites, the significant negative correlation between diurnal variations of TOAs, fluorescence intensity (FI) of protein-like components and humic-like components at P1 indicated LMWOAs were greatly originated from bacterioplankton excretion and degradation. However, correlations between diurnal variations of humic-like FI and physicochemical parameters demonstrated algal origination of LMWOAs at P2. Although content of humus was high, TOA at P2 was 1.45 mol/L lower than that at P1, due to the co-influence of more intense photo-oxidation and aggregation at P2. Therefore, TOAs exhibited quite opposite diurnal variation trends of increasing-decreasing and decreasing-increasing at P1 and P2, respectively. Except for impact of solar radiation, bacterial decomposition and assimilation rendered shifts of maximal LMWOAs along water column at P1. Covering with massive algae, UV rays penetrated shallower depth that LMWOAs assembled in surface layer water before 18:00 at P2 and represented decreasing profiles.     

分层型水源水库溶解性有机物性质及其膜污染特性

利用激发-发射矩阵(EEM)荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱研究了深水型水源水库热分层期溶解性有机物(DOM)性质及其膜污染特性随水深的变化.结果表明,水体热分层导致DOM质量浓度和性质也表现出分层特征.变温层受光化学降解影响较大,DOM质量浓度较低,同时受藻类等浮游植物分泌的内源有机物影响,DOM芳香度较低,类富里酸有机物(C1组分)和类腐殖酸有机物(C2组分)荧光强度较低,但类色氨酸有机物(C3组分)荧光强度较高;斜温层DOM受径流输入影响较大,DOM质量浓度和芳香度较高,C1和C2组分荧光强度较高.膜污染方面,变温层DOM造成的总污染最大,但可逆性较好,斜温层和等温层DOM造成的总污染较低,但可逆性较差;对超滤过程中不同荧光组分迁移的分析表明,超滤膜对C3组分截留率较高,但反冲洗对被截留的C3组分去除效果较好,而被膜截留的C1和C2组分较难被反冲洗去除.     

3种低分子量有机酸对紫色土吸附菲的影响

采用静态吸附实验,研究了3种低分子量有机酸(柠檬酸、苹果酸和草酸)对紫色土吸附菲的影响.结果表明紫色土吸附菲的动力学过程符合二级动力学模型,3种低分子量有机酸(LMWOAs)均能显著降低紫色土吸附菲的速率常数;线性吸附模型很好地描述了紫色土对菲的吸附热力学过程是以分配作用为主.当加入的3种LMWOAs浓度低于5 mmol·L~(-1)时,促进紫色土吸附菲;当LMWOAs浓度≥10 mmol·L~(-1)时,抑制紫色土吸附菲,抑制作用随LMWOAs浓度的增加而加强.当LMWOAs浓度为20 mmol·L~(-1)时,其抑制作用能力表现为柠檬酸草酸苹果酸,这与3种LMWOAs的分子结构和酸性强弱有关.与对照相比,随着LMWOAs浓度的增加,紫色土溶出的溶解性有机质(DOM)含量呈现先降低后升高的趋势,紫色土对菲的吸附量与土壤溶出的DOM含量呈负相关.     

河流不同分子量溶解性有机质对全氟化合物赋存形态的影响

目前有关水体全氟化合物(PFASs)赋存特征的研究主要集中于总溶解态,对溶解性有机质(DOM)结合态PFASs的研究较为匮乏,尤其忽视了不同分子量DOM对PFASs赋存形态的影响. 为阐明河流上覆水体不同分子量DOM对PFASs赋存形态的影响,本文以长江干支流为例,分析了河流上覆水体11种典型PFASs (C4~C12)的浓度及组成,研究了不同分子量DOM结合态PFASs的赋存特征. 结果表明:①长江上覆水体中PFASs的平均浓度为52.6 ng/L,其中全氟戊酸(PFPeA)和全氟己酸(PFHxA)是最主要的单体污染物;由于受点源污染的影响,武汉段PFASs总溶解浓度及其单体浓度均显著高于其他采样点. ②长江上覆水体中DOM的浓度范围为0.08~3.84 mg/L (以C计),将水体DOM按分子量分离为<1 kDa、1~3 kDa、3~5 kDa、5~10 kDa和>10 kDa五种组分,各采样点中<1 kDa的溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度(1.56~3.84 mg/L)显著高于其他分子量的DOC浓度. ③对于所检出的PFASs,<1 kDa DOM结合态PFASs (含自由溶解态)的浓度亦显著高于其他分子量DOM结合态PFASs的浓度,且其占水体总溶解态PFASs的比例均在85%以上,说明水体DOM结合态PFASs具有较高的生物有效性. 研究显示,水体不同分子量DOM结合态PFASs的赋存特征存在差异,因此对水体PFASs进行生态风险评价时需综合考虑不同分子量DOM结合态的含量及其生物有效性.      

小分子有机酸对紫色土及其溶液中Pb的赋存影响

以紫色土中铅(Pb)为研究对象,采用以0.01 mol·L~(-1)硝酸钠(NaNO_3)为背景电解质的一步提取法,研究了不同浓度下乙酸,酒石酸和柠檬酸对土壤中Pb的释放作用,并通过土壤重金属形态的分步提取法和地球化学平衡软件Visual MINTEQ v3.0,进一步分析和预测了小分子有机酸作用下土壤中Pb以及土壤溶液中Pb的形态变化.在此基础上,分析了小分子有机酸对Pb作用的环境意义与环境风险.结果表明,3种小分子有机酸均显著增加了紫色土中Pb的释放量,活化效果表现为柠檬酸酒石酸乙酸.在有机酸作用下,土壤中交换态Pb总量增加,碳酸盐结合态Pb和铁锰氧化物结合态Pb总量降低;土壤溶液中Pb以有机结合态为主,占总Pb质量的45.16%~75.05%,游离态次之,占22.71%~50.25%,且随着浓度增加,柠檬酸和酒石酸作用下的土壤溶液中的游离态Pb和无机结合态Pb增加,而有机结合态Pb减少,乙酸则呈相反趋势.总体上看,小分子有机酸提高了紫色土中Pb的生物有效性,且存在地下水的淋溶风险,其中柠檬酸的淋溶风险远大于酒石酸和乙酸.     

几种低分子量有机酸和氨基酸对黄棕壤吸附菲的影响

采用批量平衡试验方法,研究了根系分泌物中几种常见的低分子量有机酸(LMWOA)和氨基酸对黄棕壤吸附菲的影响.结果表明,在供试有机酸和氨基酸的影响下黄棕壤对菲的等温吸附曲线仍呈显著的线性关系,分配作用是黄棕壤吸附菲的主导机制,供试LMWOA和氨基酸对黄棕壤吸附菲有抑制作用,且加入量越大,抑制作用越强.与氨基酸相比,LMW...     

长江口及其邻近海域颗粒态氨基酸的分布以及对有机质降解和来源的指示

本研究于2018年3月采集长江口及其邻近海域50个站位样品，对颗粒态氨基酸（PAA）的分布与组成进行了分析。结果表明:PAA的平均浓度为（1.86 ± 1.02）μmol/L（0.76～5.55 μmol/L），其主要组分为天门冬氨酸（Asp）、谷氨酸（Gly）、丝氨酸（Ser）、丙氨酸（Ala）和甘氨酸（Glu）。颗粒有机碳（POC）和颗粒氮（PN）的平均浓度分别为（74.21 ± 37.70）μmol/L（18.06～238.66 μmol/L）和（7.52 ± 3.46）μmol/L（2.27～19.86 μmol/L）。PAA、POC与PN具有相似的分布特征，长江口内浓度低于近岸浓度，近岸浓度高于远岸浓度，垂直分布上较为均匀。研究海域中的C/N由近岸向远海逐渐降低，表明陆源输入有机质的影响逐渐降低。基于氨基酸的衍生参数Asp/Gly和Ser + Thr（苏氨酸）[mol%]表明该海域颗粒物中有机质主要源于硅质碳源，与硅藻在该海域中相对较高的生物量有关。碳、氮归一化产率[PAA-C（N）%]以及降解因子（DI）所指示的降解趋势并不完全一致，这或许与PAA-C（N）%和DI适用于不同降解阶段以及氨基酸来源与转化的多样性有关。     

再生水地下回灌过程中溶解性有机物的组成结构变化及其特性

对再生水包气带渗滤过程进行模拟实验,分析此过程中总溶解性有机物(DOM)含量和结构组成的变化规律,并采用IHSS推荐方法提取主要有机物组成进行分析表征。结果表明:经回灌处理后,再生水ρ(COD)由57.90 mg/L(0 h)降低至21.50 mg/L(159 h),去除率达到63%;ρ(DOC)相应由12.40 mg/L降低至7.16 mg/L,去除率达到42%。荧光区域积分计算结果表明,再生水中DOM主要由芳香蛋白类物质和溶解性微生物代谢产物组成,包气带土壤介质中的DOM则主要由腐植酸类物质组成;受土壤DOM淋溶释放影响,实验过程中淋滤出水DOM组成主要以腐植酸类物质为主(占比>0.6)。SEM及EDS分析结果表明,腐植酸表面呈海绵状,主要由C(64.40%)、O(34.25%)元素组成,FTIR分析得出其中含有羟基和羧基等活性官能团,紫外可见光谱呈现单调而无特征性的现象,特征峰值计算显示所提取腐植酸属于大分子范畴。     

水溶性有机物的电子穿梭功能研究

以源于污泥的DOM(dissolved organic matter)为供试材料,以中国希瓦氏菌(Shewanella cinica)D14T为电子转移驱动力,研究了DOM的氧化还原性能与电子穿梭功能.结果表明,污泥DOM可作为末端电子受体接受醌还原菌D14T呼吸链上的电子,从而转变为还原态DOM,而还原态DOM可将电子再次转移给Fe(Ⅲ).经D14T还原后,DOM电子供给量(e-/C)由初始2.2~14μmol.g-1增加到253~347μmol.g-1.循环伏安法与多次还原-氧化循环实验表明,DOM呈现2对明显的氧化还原峰,经3次还原-氧化循环后电子供给量可稳定维持在150~250μmol.g-1之间,说明DOM具有重复利用、反复转移电子的特性.在菌株D14T还原水铁矿的体系中,加入DOM可提高水铁矿的还原溶解速率,其原因是DOM在D14T与水铁矿之间充当了电子穿梭体的角色.这些结果反映了DOM在电子转移反应中的重要性,为DOM的环境属性提出了一个新见解.     

A review of environmental characteristics and effects of low-molecular weight organic acids in the surface ecosystem

Low molecular weight organic acids （LMWOAs） are prevalent on the earth＇s surface. They are vital intermediate products during metabolic pathways of organic matter and participate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle during life activities. Photochemical reactions are pivotal for LMWOAs＇ origination and play a large role in determining their diversity and their ultimate fate. Within the long time that organic matter is preserved in sediments, it can be decomposed and converted to release organic and inorganic pollutants as well as C, N, and P nutrients, which are of potential ecological risk in causing secondary pollution to lake water. The sediment pool is a comprehensive and complex compartment closely associated with overlying water by various biochemical processes, during which LMWOAs play critical roles to transport and transform elements. This article elucidates geochemical behaviors of LMWOAs in the surface environment in details, taking natural water, soil, and aerosol as examples, focusing on reviewing research developments on sources and characteristics, migration and mineralization of LMWOAs and relevant environmental effects. Simultaneously, this review article depicts the categories and contents of LMWOAs or their contribution to DOC in environmental media, and evaluates their importance during organic matter early diagenesis. Through concluding and discussing the conversion mechanisms and influencing factors, the next research orientations on LMWOAs in lake ecosystems are determined, mainly concerning relationships with hydrochemical parameters and microorganisms, and interactions with pollutants. This will enrich the knowledge on organic matter degradation and related environmental effects, and help reconstruct a theoretical framework for organic compound succession and influencing factors, providing basic data for lake eutrophication and ecological risk assessment, conducive to better control over water pollution and proper management of water quality.     

长江口门附近水体溶解性有机质的荧光组分特征

本研究利用三维荧光光谱（3DEEMs）结合平行因子分析（PARAFAC）模型,解析了2020年8月－2021年4月4个季节长江口门附近海域水体溶解性有机质（dissolved organic matter,DOM）的时空变化特征以及组成结构特征。结果表明:研究区域溶解性有机碳（dissolved organic carbon,DOC）的浓度秋季（2.76 mg/L）最大,夏季（2.56 mg/L）次之,春季（1.96 mg/L）和冬季（2.11 mg/L）的浓度较低且二者差异不显著;DOC浓度的区域分布表征为南支北港（3.20 mg/L）>北支（2.21 mg/L）>北港北沙（1.82 mg/L）。水体中的DOM可分为4个组分,分别为芳香氨基酸组分C1、陆源及海洋源类腐殖质组分C2、类色氨酸组分C3以及海洋源类腐殖质组分C4,组分C1、C2和C3间具有同源性,其中C1和C2占主体地位,C3次之,C4占比最小;组分C1和C4的占比随离岸距离的增大呈增大的趋势,而组分C3呈递减趋势;组分C1冬季占比最大,夏季最小,组分C3与C1占比情况相反。荧光特征参数的分析结果表明,水体DOM大部分为陆源输入和水生生物活动的内源共同作用,且自生源特征较显著,腐殖化特征较弱,一定程度上能表明研究区域水体活性较强,水质状况较好。     

金沙江河谷大气二氧化碳浓度变化特征及影响因子

大气CO₂是重要的温室气体,其浓度变化与气候变化、植物生长、人类活动等密切相关.为了解高原地区近自然状态下大气CO₂浓度变化及其影响因子,选取气象要素变化较明显、人为干扰较少的金沙江河谷为研究对象,在谷底江岸边的稀树草坪上设置观测点,对大气CO₂浓度和主要气象要素进行连续对照观测,经数据计算并采用Pearson相关系数对其相关性进行分析.结果表明:①研究区大气c（CO₂）日变化和年变化均具有波动性,日最高值（316.2 μmol/L）和最低值（291.0 μmol/L）分别出现在09:00和13:00左右,年最高值（338.9 μmol/L）和最低值（228.5 μmol/L）分别出现在10月和7月;季节性变化呈春、夏两季低于秋、冬两季的特征.②研究区大气c（CO₂）与温度呈显著负相关（r=-0.97,P < 0.01）,即白天温度高而大气c（CO₂）低,夜间温度低而大气c（CO₂）高.研究区大气c（CO₂）与相对湿度呈显著正相关（r=0.97,P < 0.01）,00:00-07:00大气c（CO₂）和相对湿度均缓慢上升,09:00-12:00大气c（CO₂）和相对湿度均快速下降.研究区大气c（CO₂）与风速呈显著负相关（r=-0.93,P < 0.01）,其与风对大气c（CO₂）有扩散作用相关;不同季节大气c（CO₂）最高值或最低值所对应的风向有所不同.研究显示,金沙江河谷大气c（CO₂）的时间变化特征明显,其与温度、相对湿度、风速、风向等气象要素的变化密切相关.      

有机酸对污染底泥中Zn和Pb浸出的影响

采用2种污染底泥,比较研究3种低分子有机酸及pH值对底泥中重金属Zn和Pb浸出的影响.结果表明,3种低分子有机酸对供试底泥中Zn和Pb都具有浸出作用,有机酸对Zn的浸出能力大小为:柠檬酸>苹果酸>酒石酸;对Pb浸出能力大小为:柠檬酸>酒石酸>苹果酸.Zn、Pb的浸出浓度随有机酸浓度的升高和pH值的降低而增加,有机酸对重金属的浸出能力大于无机盐.在有机酸条件下,底泥中重金属的浸出能力为:Zn>Pb.     

Determination of VOCs in groundwater at an industrial contamination site using a homemade low-density polyethylene passive diffusion sampler

A home-made inexpensive passive diffusion bag （PDB） sampler, prepared by filling deionized water in low-density polyethylene （LDPE） tubes, was evaluated for volatile organic compounds （VOC） sampling in groundwater at industrial contamination sites. Impacts of environmentally relevant conditions on the sampling equilibration time and partitioning of VOCs between the sampler and the water sample were investigated. Sample salinity, agitation and temperature can influence the equilibration time, but generally sampling equilibration was obtained in 14 days under real field sampling of VOCs in groundwater. Both laboratory study and field testing in a contaminated site showed that the VOC concentrations in the developed sampler were equal to those in the water samples at equitibrium. Coupled with a purge and trap concentrator-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer （P＆T-GC-MS）, the developed PDB sampler provided a low-cost sampling device for routine monitoring of VOCs in groundwater in wells, with LODs in the range of 2.9-10 μg/L. The proposed PDB was applied to determine VOCs in groundwater at an industrial contamination site, and the present results agreed well with those determined using conventional pump-and-sample monitoring. All the studied 13 VOCs were tested in the four wells in the industrial contamination sites, with their concentrations in the range of 12-73660 μg/L. In addition, while benzene and toluene were heavily contaminated up to a maximum concentration of 74000 μg/L and 6000 μg/L, respectively, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and bromobenzene had relatively low contamination levels （below 25 μg/L）.     

水中有机物对紫外光催化还原溴酸盐的影响

通过一步水热法制备了 TiO2与TiOF2用于考察不同水质条件下紫外光催化控制还原BrO3-的效率.结果表明,TiO2在纯水中还原BrO3-的效率(120min还原78.5％)显著高于TiOF2(120min还原57.0％).但当体系中存在难降解有机物(莠去津)或天然有机物(腐殖酸)时,TiOF2还原BrO3-的效率则...     

UV-B辐射增强对麻花艽叶片光合作用及相关生理参数的影响

采用20 W和40 W的UV-B灯辐射增强处理,测定分析了UV-B辐射增强对麻花艽(Gentiana straminea Maxim)叶片净光合速率及相关生理参数的影响. 结果显示:2008年8月3日,研究区大气温度从09:00开始上升,到14:00达到最高点,叶温和大气饱和水气压变化与气温变化趋势相似;光合有效辐射强度从07:00开始上升,至13:00达到最高,之后下降;麻花艽叶片净光合作用速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)、蒸腾速率(E)和水分利用效率在对照下最高,在40 W UV-B辐射下最低;P_n在08:00—10:00最高,G_s在07:00—08:00最高,C_i在日出及日落时最高,E在09:00—13:00及14:00—18:00最高,水分利用效率在日出后最高;P_n与G_s,叶片温度,大气温度,光合有效辐射和大气饱和水气压亏缺呈正相关,与C_i呈负相关,与光合有效辐射强度的相关系数较高. P_n在光合有效辐射强度为0～800 μmol/(m2·s)时随光合有效辐射强度增加而增加,在2 200～3 000 μmol/(m2·s)时变化不大;G_s和E随光合有效辐射强度的增加而增加;C_i在光合有效辐射强度为0～800 μmol/(m2·s)时,随光合有效辐射强度的增加而呈下降趋势;水分利用效率在光合有效辐射强度为0～800 μmol/(m2·s)时随光合有效辐射强度的增加而呈增加的趋势,在800～3 000 μmol/(m2·s)时呈下降趋势. 说明UV-B辐射增强将使高寒草甸植物叶片P_n,G_s,C_i,E和水分利用效率降低.      

高DOM渗滤液厌氧-好氧-混凝处理工艺

采用厌氧-好氧-混凝工艺,对垃圾焚烧厂高DOM渗滤液进行处理,当进水ρ(COD_Cr)平均值为10 800 mg/L时,出水ρ(COD_Cr)平均值可达208 mg/L;同时,着重针对各工艺单元出水DOM不同分子质量分布区间的ρ(COD_Cr)以及DOM组成成分的变化进行了研究.结果表明:该处理工艺对DOM分子质量＜50 ku的有机物去除率均可达到94.7%以上,而对分子质量＜2 ku的有机物的去除率可达99.0%;对渗滤液DOM组成成分〔腐殖酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)和亲水性有机质(HyI)〕的去除率均达到90.0%以上,表明该组合工艺用于处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液是可行的.      

水体冻结过程中卤乙酸前体物在水-冰体系中的分配研究

通过室内模拟试验,研究了水体冻结过程中,水体中溶解性有机物(DOM)和卤乙酸前体物在水-冰体系中的分配规律.按照DOM在XAD树脂上的吸附特性将其分为5个部分:疏水性有机酸(HPO-A),疏水性中性有机物(HPO-N),过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI-A),过渡亲水性中性有机物(TPI-N)和亲水性有机物(HPI).结果表明:在水体冻结过程中,5种DOM组分在水相中的DOC浓度均随冷冻时间的增长而增加,呈现冷冻浓缩效应.与溶解性有机碳(DOC)所表征的整体有机物相比,5种DOM组分中的卤乙酸(HAAs)前体物更倾向于停留在水相中浓缩.在5种DOM组分中,HPI是主要的HAAs前体物.5种DOM组分在未冻结水中的UV-254与HAAFP均表现出一定相关性,其中HPO-A, TPI-A和HPI的UV-254与HAAFP达到极显著水平.然而在融冰水中,这5种DOM组分的UV-254与HAAFP的相关性均不显著.     

模拟三峡库区消落带优势植物根系低分子量有机酸对土壤中铅的解吸动力学

三峡库区消落带落干期时会生长大量植被,其根系分泌的低分子量有机酸会对消落带土壤中重金属的活化带来一定影响,为此,本研究通过水培法以及利用去离子水直接浸提其根际土测出三峡库区优势植物狗牙根和稗草根系分泌的低分子量有机酸种类和含量,并模拟优势植物所分泌的单一有机酸和混合有机酸分别对消落带土壤中的铅(Pb)进行解吸,探究其对消落带土壤中铅的解吸动力学.结果表明,狗牙根根系分泌的低分子量有机酸种类和含量均大于稗草,其中柠檬酸、丙二酸、乙酸、苹果酸是两种植株根系均分泌的有机酸,且乙酸含量最高,分别为0.765 mmol·kg-1、0.261 mmol·kg-1,而在狗牙根和稗草根际土中均检测到柠檬酸、丙二酸、乙酸;选取柠檬酸、丙二酸、乙酸对消落带土壤中铅进行解吸时,发现当有机酸浓度≤1 mmol·L~(-1)时,有机酸解吸量由高到低为:丙二酸柠檬酸乙酸;而当有机酸浓度1 mmol·L~(-1)时,有机酸解吸量由高到低为:柠檬酸丙二酸乙酸,且低分子量有机酸在土壤中含量低时,抑制土壤对Pb的解吸;含量高时,促进土壤对Pb的解吸.在解吸过程中,0~240 min为快反应阶段,240 min后为慢反应阶段,准二级动力学方程拟合效果最好.