关于编报《环境质量报告书》的几点浅见

从1981年开始,我国一些省(区)市将编报《环境质量报告书》,此后,各个省市将陆续定期编报《环境质量报告书》。这是我国环境保护工作进入一个新时期的重要标志。《环境质量报告书》是环境监测工作和科学研究的综合成果,是反映环境保护工作的客观标尺。通过编报《环境质量报告书》必将全面促进我国的环境保护工作,特别是促进环境监测工作。积极开展这项工作,是环境部门刻不容缓的任务。     

杭州市西溪小区环境噪声调查和特性分析

近年来,我国城市环境噪声的研究工作已取得较大的进展,城市环境噪声功能区域的划分工作将在许多城市陆续开展。本文通过对杭州市西溪小区环境噪声的调查和分析,探索居民、文教区环境噪声的特性和分布规律及其提高声学环境质量的措施;并对环境噪声功能区的划分作初步的探讨。     

东海环境质量评价方法

东海环境污染调查工作,自一九七二年开始,调查的范围逐步扩大,包括江苏、上海、浙江、福建北部的沿海海域,调查监测的项目也越来越全面,目前已累积了大量的资料。为了更好地反映东海的环境质量,有必要将全部监测数据加以分析整理,通过数学模式和环境质量分级方法,把海域的环境单元的质量反映在环境质量评价图上,而环境质量评价图     

综合环境质量的模糊二级评判

本文根据齐齐哈尔市中心城区1986年的大气、水质及噪声监测结果,应用二级综合评判法对齐齐哈尔市环境质量进行综合评价。方法灵活、简单、实用,为环境质量评价工作提供了一种新方法。     

基层环境监测站环境质量综合分析中存在的问题及对策

从环境监测为环境管理服务的职能入手，系统分析了基层环境监测站的环境质量综合分析工作现状，针对实际工作中存在的问题，提出了提高环境质量综合分析水平的对策建议。     

城市环境保护满意度及案例分析

公众对城市"创建环境保护模范城市"活动的过程与结果是否认可与满意,是"创建环境保护模范城市"的最终衡量标准.针对现行环境保护满意率调查问卷存在问题.根据"创建环境保护模范城市"的目标,重新设计了调查新问卷.调查指标包括城市环境质量、政府环境保护工作等方面,采用随机抽样方法,抽取样本1 610份.结果表明,城市环境保护满意度可以作为城市环境状况和政府环境保护工作绩效的一种评估方法;满意度对人们可感知的环境质量评估效果较好;不同群体满意度间差异较大,应制定有针对性的环境保护政策,提高政策效率;城市环境保护满意度评估是对以环境质量监测数据为主的城市环境质量评估的必要补充.     

我国环境分析化学研究概况与展望

环境分析化学是环境科学研究和环境保护工作的耳目和重要手段.多年来,我国各省、市、自治区普遍开展了本地区的水、大气、土壤、作物等的环境监测分析,编制了环境质量报告书,为环境质量评价和综合防治提供了大量的重要信息. 环境标准分析方法的研究,是建立全国统一的环境监测方法的基础,是环境监测标准化、规范化的前提.1979年提出了酚、氰、     

城市低效工业用地复垦农用风险管控的国际经验及启示

中国一些城市正大力推动低效工业用地减量化复垦工作,部分地块复垦后实施农业利用,但针对工业用地复垦的相关环境监管体系尚未建立,存在一定农产品质量安全风险。为给国内低效工业用地复垦土地的污染风险管控工作提供有益借鉴,分析总结了北美地区废弃工业场地复垦土地土壤环境质量等级划分标准、复垦风险分级管控流程与方法,以及暴露途径安全阻控措施、低成本生态修复措施、选种低累积型农产品等最佳管理实践。结合中国低效工业用地减量化工作实际情况,提出制定本地化复垦土地土壤环境质量分级标准,研发轻、中度污染土壤生态修复技术,研究构建复垦土地全生命周期风险管控体系等对策建议。     

西湖环境质量研究通过评审

“西湖区域环境质量评价及综合防治措施研究”的课题,十月十三日在杭州通过评审,会议由浙江省科委主持,邀请了省内外有关专家、教授参加.会议期间,专家们听取了研究人员的成果汇报,通过讨论和现场考察,一致认为:该课题运用了生态学和系统论的观点,对西湖环境质量进行了研究,具有一定的深度和广度;对目前西湖富营养化程度严重的这个结论是正确的;提出以疏海、截污、引流和生物防治相结合的综合防治措     

镇江市主要环境问题与对策思考

从环境质量，工业布局，工业结构，能源结构等方面分析镇江市的环境现状和主要环境问题，提出基于可持续发展思想的镇江市环境保护目标，对策与措施。     

人口增长、经济增长、技术变化与环境变迁——中国现代环境变迁(1952—1990)

本文主要研究人口增长、经济增长、技术变化三大因素对环境质量变化的影响。作者提出环境变迁曲线,与人口转变曲线、工业化过程相联系,并划分了环境变迁四个阶段。根据环境变迁过程以及动因,在国际比较范围内,进一步说明了中国环境变迁的特点。作者认为,强化减少污染型技术因素是改善环境质量的主要途径,与此同时,坚持控制人口增长,以减少环境压力。     

Integrated approach of environmental impact and risk assessment of Rosia Montana Mining Area, Romania

The environmental impact assessment of mining sites represents nowadays a large interest topic in Romania. Historical pollution in the Rosia Montana mining area of Romania caused extensive damage to environmental media. This paper has two goals: to investigate the environmental pollution induced by mining activities in the Rosia Montana area and to quantify the environmental impacts and associated risks by means of an integrated approach. Thus, a new method was developed and applied for quantifying the impact of mining activities, taking account of the quality of environmental media in the mining area, and used as case study in the present paper. The associated risks are a function of the environmental impacts and the probability of their occurrence. The results show that the environmental impacts and quantified risks, based on quality indicators to characterize the environmental quality, are of a higher order, and thus measures for pollution remediation and control need to be considered in the investigated area. The conclusion drawn is that an integrated approach for the assessment of environmental impact and associated risks is a valuable and more objective method, and is an important tool that can be applied in the decision-making process for national authorities in the prioritization of emergency action.     

Spatial extraction model for soil environmental quality of anomalous areas in a geographic scale

An approach to establish a soil environmental assessment model was proposed to evaluate the soil environmental quality level. The kriging technique and a self-organizing map (SOM) were integrated to investigate the soil environmental quality in a geographic information system (GIS). In this study, SOM was applied to categorize the data set of nine heavy metals in topsoil. A total of 261 topsoil samples were collected to determine the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Hg, As, and Mn. The samples were clustered into three classes by SOM and visualized by GIS. The results show that different environmental quality categories are significantly different and that the soil environmental quality assessment model is effective.     

大气环境质量的人工神经网络决策模型

为了对环境质量进行综合评价，运用误差反向传播算法的人工神经网络方法建立了环境质量评价的Ｂ－Ｐ决策模型。用此模型研究实例的大气环境质量，结果表明Ｂ－Ｐ网络用于环境质量评价具有客观性和实用性。     

Do renewable energies contribute to enhancing environmental quality in Eastern Africa?

East Africa has enormous renewable energy potential, but only a small portion of it has been exploited, and little is known on its role in improving environmental quality. Thus, this study empirically examines the impact of renewable energy on the environment using ecological footprint (EF; positive indicator) and CO₂ emissions (negative indicator) as proxy indicators for environmental quality in a panel of ten East African countries from 1990 to 2015. These indicators were chosen due to their potential impact in the environment. The work used the pooled mean group (PMG) as the main panel estimator to determine the impact while controlling non-renewable energy consumption, GDP per capita, and foreign direct investment (FDI). PMG has been used as it forces the long-run coefficients to be equal across all panel groups. The findings show that in the long run, there is a significant negative relationship between CO₂ emissions and renewable energy consumption, as well as a significant positive relationship (with a low impact) between EF and renewable energy consumption, suggesting that renewable energy use enhances the area’s environmental quality. Also, results indicate that non-renewable energy use degrades environmental quality in both metrics, whereas GDP degrades environmental quality through CO₂ emissions and improves environmental quality through EF. This requires East African countries to focus a higher emphasis on accessible renewable energy sources to achieve quick and sustainable economic growth and minimize environmental effects. To accomplish this, strategic policies and legislation, as well as the promotion of green technology, are required.

     

Accurate Chemical Analysis of MTBE in Environmental Media

The new millennium ushers in changes for refiners of automobile gasoline in the United States, as well as for the state and federal regulators who establish guidelines for gasoline formulation and environmental regulation governing the fate of gasoline-related chemicals in the nation's air, soil and groundwater. One current issue in the gasoline formulation debate centers on the comparison of the proven benefits of the addition of chemical oxygenates—especially methyltert -butyl ether (MTBE)—to gasoline (to improve tailpipe emission quality) against the presumed environmental problems caused by the presence of oxygenates in ground- and surface waters due to fugitive releases of gasoline. Credible debate on this subject presumes that current and past environmental monitoring data for MTBE in environmental samples is accurate and precise. Experience suggests that this assumption is not correct, in part because certain analytical methodologies—particularly older methods supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency—can fall short of reasonable data quality goals for measurement of MTBE. This Technical Note summarizes the standard EPA methods available to site investigators who need to measure MTBE in environmental media, the limitations and advantages of these measurement techniques, and recommendations for improving these standard EPA methods to yield the highest quality MTBE environmental residue data.     

Could environmental regulations improve the quality of export products? Evidence from China’s implementation of pollutant discharge fee

This study investigates the effect of Chinese environmental regulations on the quality of export products. As the main way for the government to protect the environment, environmental regulations have greatly influenced the production behavior of enterprises. Based on the data of China’s pollutant discharge fee implementation and industrial enterprise-pollution panel data, we find that the government’s environmental regulations have significantly improved the quality of export products, and this conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests. Further analysis shows that the increase in the quality of export products originating from the regulated areas could be attributed to promoting enterprise innovation and reducing resource misallocation. The results in this study provide evidence that the Chinese government could coordinate economic and environmental protection in the new era.

     

大气污染物总量控制方法的研究

污染物总量控制是目前我国广泛应用的一种控制区域环境质量达标的方法 ,在总量控制中 ,环境容量分配的科学化、合理化和各点浓度的合理值计算是至关重要的。本文就此做些研究 ,以确保实现从局部到区域的环境质量达标。     

The role of innovations and renewable energy consumption in reducing environmental degradation in OECD countries: an investigation for Innovation Claudia Curve

Rising economic growth in recent ages is the primary concern of most of the countries to enhance the living standard, but the ever-increasing production of economic activities consumes a lot of energy, which leads to a sharp increase in carbon dioxide emissions. Innovation may be a remedy that can help improve energy efficiency, obtain renewable energy, and promote economic growth, thereby protecting the quality of the environment. Therefore, this paper examines the role of innovation and renewable energy consumption in CO2 reduction in OECD countries from 2004 to 2019. By using the two-step system generalized of moment estimator, the results show that economic growth and innovation significantly increase carbon emissions, however the innovation Claudia Curve (ICC) is verified, and the environmental Kuznets curve does not exist. Foreign direct investment has a negative impact on carbon emissions, thus verifying the Pollution Hao hypothesis, whereas renewable energy also improves environmental quality, but the interaction between innovation and renewable energy consumption still increases carbon emissions. Financial development, industrialization, trade, and energy consumption have also been found to be harmful factors of environmental quality. Our findings have considerable policy implications for OECD countries on the improvement of innovation indicators and investment in renewable energy sources to rise environmental quality.