胶州湾围隔实验中溶解有机物三维荧光特征

利用三维荧光激发发射矩阵光谱法(EEMS),测定胶州湾围隔实验中不同营养盐条件下产生的溶解有机物的三维荧光特性.结果显示,浮游植物可产生类蛋白和类腐殖质荧光,类蛋白荧光峰由类酪氨酸(tyrosine-like)荧光峰和类色氨酸(tryptophan-like)荧光峰组成,主要位置为Ex_max/Em_max=270 nm/290～310 nm,Ex_max/Em_max=270～290 nm/320～350 nm的荧光峰强度比较弱;在Ex_max/Em_max=250～260 nm/380～480 nm(A峰)、Ex_max/Em_max=310～320 nm/380～420 nm(C峰)和Ex_max/Em_max=330～350 nm/420～480 nm(M峰)位置均出现零散的类腐殖质荧光峰,其中以A峰为主.类酪氨酸荧光强度明显高于类腐殖质荧光强度.浮游植物量降低时,类酪氨酸荧光强度与叶绿素a浓度呈明显的负相关.硅藻和甲藻产生的类酪氨酸和类色氨酸荧光强度之间具有较好的相关性,两者来源相似, 并且甲藻与硅藻相比能够产生更多的类蛋白荧光物质.不同环境下类腐殖质混合物的组分比例不同,甲藻生长环境下相对于硅藻具有较低的A/C比值.     

太湖北部沉积物不同形态磷提取液中有机质的特征

综合应用高效体积排阻色谱、三维荧光光谱、红外光谱及元素分析等方法,研究了太湖北部3个湖区表层(0～10 cm)沉积物不同形态磷提取液中有机质的特征,并探讨了有机质与磷之间的关系.结果发现,沉积物中总磷的含量与其上覆水体的营养水平相一致;有机C/N、C/P比值在8.5～11.9和188.5～256.6之间,表明沉积物中有机质以湖泊内源自生为主,受陆源输入的影响很小.不同磷形态提取液中有机质的相对分子质量分布和三维荧光光谱存在很大差异,但不同沉积物之间的差别并不显著.3种提取液中有机质的相对分子质量顺序依次为：HCl＞NaOH＞NaHCO₃,其重均相对分子质量(M_w)和数均相对分子质量(M_n)分别在4 983～5 873和3 642～5 065、 3 628～4 198和2 334～2 616、 3 282～3 512和2 249～2 380之间,可能反映了不同提取液中有机磷的组成及其生物活性的不同.沉积物提取液中有机质的三维荧光光谱均以类富里酸荧光峰A(E_x/E_m=230～260　nm/360～470　nm)或C(E_x/E_m=290～320　nm/390～460　nm)为主,NaHCO₃和HCl提取液中还分别发现了类蛋白荧光峰B(E_x/E_m=275～280　nm/340～360　nm)和D(E_x/E_m=225　nm/330～350　nm)及类腐殖酸荧光峰E(E_x/E_m=360～375　nm/460～470　nm).这些荧光光谱特征不仅揭示了不同提取液中有机质组成的差异,而且可能表明了太湖沉积物中有机质的降解受到再悬浮作用的强烈影响.此外,沉积物胡敏酸红外光谱中1 059～1 082　cm^-1的吸收谱带也可能反映了磷酸盐的存在.     

城市不同类型水体有色可溶性有机物来源组成特征

过去几十年里,我国飞速的工业活动和城市化进程对城市地表水体生态系统产生巨大影响,地表水体水质变化直接影响城市居民用水安全、城市景观维护及城市热点区域碳循环过程.通过2020年6月采集长春市各类水体（城市河流、公园湖泊及水库）共50个样品,结合光谱吸收及三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析法（EEMs-PARAFAC）分析了各类水体的有色可溶性有机物（CDOM）光学特性、组成特征及潜在来源.结果表明,长春市城市河流DOC浓度显著高于水库水体（t-test,P<0.05）.城市河流水体的CDOM吸收系数a₂₅₄均值显著大于公园湖泊和水库（t-test,P<0.05）,表明城市河流水体中CDOM浓度最高.CDOM光谱吸收斜率S_275-295与光谱吸收斜率比S_R均值均表现为公园湖泊>水库>城市河流（t-test,P<0.001）.平行因子分析法解析三维荧光光谱得到3个荧光组分,陆源类腐殖酸C1（E_x=260 nm,E_m=452 nm）、微生物作用类腐殖酸C2（E_x=245/290 nm,E_m=388 nm）和类色氨酸C3（E_x=275 nm,E_m=340 nm）.城市河流水体各组分荧光强度均值均显著高于公园湖泊与水库（t-test,P<0.005）,水库水体陆源类腐殖酸C1荧光强度均值显著高于微生物作用类腐殖酸C2和类色氨酸C3（t-test,P<0.005）,城市居民生活污水排放对长春市城市水体,尤其是城市河道中有机碳贡献较大,且该部分有机质中微生物降解潜力强的类蛋白组分贡献率高.因此,应加强城市污水排放管控以有效保障长春市城市水体经济、环境与生态功能的发挥.     

浑太水系水体中不同粒径有机胶体荧光光谱特性

将超滤系统与孔径(相对分子质量)为100×103和1×103超滤膜结合,对浑太水体中总溶解有机质(DOM)进行分级,并运用三维荧光光谱技术对不同级有机质的荧光光谱特性进行了对比分析.结果表明,浑太水系水体的荧光图谱表现为紫外光区类腐殖质、可见光区类腐殖质、类色氨酸(短波和长波激发峰)4个荧光峰,其中,类腐殖质荧光物质主要赋存于胶体形态(相对分子质量<100×103)和真溶解态(相对分子质量<1×103)中,由于类蛋白物质与水体中胶体的相互作用,使得胶态类蛋白荧光物质也占有相当大的比例.峰、枯两水期相比,丰水期由于陆源汇流的冲击作用,阻止了胶体颗粒的凝聚,使DOM中小胶态和真溶解态有机质所占的质量分数较高.通过比较不同粒径有机质的荧光指数、生物源指数、腐殖化指数以及DOM与荧光强度的相关性分析可以得出,真溶解态中腐殖质主要源自于内源作用,而胶态腐殖质具有陆源特征,新产生的有机质在真溶解态中占有更大的比例,水体中类腐殖质是溶解有机碳(DOC)的主要来源,但由于浑太水系各采样断面存在不同程度的污染,类蛋白物质对DOC的贡献也不能忽略.     

光谱特征法辨识不同污染景观河道中溶解性有机物的组分与来源

利用三维荧光光谱（EEMs）结合平行因子分析方法（PARAFAC）及紫外-可见光谱技术（UV-vis）,对苏州古城区内不同污染状况的景观河道中溶解性有机物（DOM）的光谱特征和来源进行解析.结果表明,苏州古城区内景观河道水体总体上表现为氮、磷营养盐污染.水体中的DOM解析出4种荧光组分,分别为自源类色氨酸C1（λ_Ex/λ_Em=235（290） nm/349 nm）、陆源类腐殖质C2（λ_Ex/λ_Em=250（315） nm/403 nm）、类色氨酸和酪氨酸的混合物C3（λ_Ex/λ_Em=230（275） nm/319 nm）和UVA类腐殖质C4（λ_Ex/λ_Em=240（350） nm/459 nm）.相关性分析表明各个组分之间具有同源性,荧光组分与氮类营养盐和叶绿素a （Chl a）存在显著相关性,说明DOM与氮营养盐迁移转化、藻类活动有关.景观河道DOM中类蛋白类物质含量最多,类蛋白类物质的总荧光强度比例为66.36%~76.84%,类腐殖质荧光强度比例为23.15%~34.74%.在4种污染类型水体中,组分C1和C4含量没有明显差距,组分C2和C3含量差距较大,有机主导型水体中C2含量最大,无机主导型水体C3含量最大.同时分析了水体中DOM的荧光指标和吸收光谱指标,发现各种表观污染类型水体中荧光指数FI、自生源指数BIX均较大,且腐殖化指数HIX小于3.5,腐殖化程度弱,主要为内源;有机主导型水体中吸收系数a₂₅₄最大,芳香性最强.各种类型水体中吸收系数比值E2/E3均小于3.5,E2/E4较大,光谱斜率比值S_R大于1,DOM相对分子量较小,河道水体DOM的来源中内源贡献较大.     

河流-湖泊系统中溶解有机质的示踪及迁移

应用同步和三维荧光光谱对夏季贵州红枫湖、百花湖河流-湖泊系统的DOM(溶解有机质)进行识别和示踪,重点揭示了人为来源DOM的迁移和影响.结果表明,人为来源DOM比例较大的水体r(287 nm/332 nm)(同步荧光光谱指数)均大于1,r(B/C)(三维荧光光谱指数)较高,287 nm处的同步荧光峰是有机污染物的特征峰.与红枫湖表层水相比,百花湖表层水出现明显的类蛋白荧光峰,且r(287 nm/332 nm)(2.7)远大于红枫湖(0.7),指示百花湖中人为来源ρ(DOM)高于红枫湖.东门桥河向百花湖输送了较多人为来源DOM,但在百花湖水体纵向剖面4 m以下受到的影响较小.经过稀释和净化百花湖出口人为来源的ρ(DOM)已降至较低水平.同步荧光和三维荧光光谱联合可用来识别和示踪水体中人为来源ρ(DOM).      

乌江水库水体中有机胶粒的三维荧光特征研究

超滤与三维荧光光谱的结合可以表征不同类型荧光物质相对分子量的分布规律,揭示它们的来源以及组分差异.本项研究用截留相对分子量为1 000和10 000的再生纤维素超滤膜,对乌江水库不同深度水体中的溶解有机质进行了分离,利用三维荧光光谱表征了3种不同相对分子量组分中发荧光有机质的光谱特征.结果表明:荧光物质主要存在于真溶液(＜1 000)中.水体在丰水期和枯水期的荧光峰存在差异.丰水期主要存在4种类型的荧光峰:类富里酸荧光A峰和C峰,类蛋白荧光峰B峰和D峰.枯水期则只表现出3种类型的荧光峰,类富里酸荧光峰C不明显,原因可能是此时水库处于蓄水状态,内部生物活动作用显著,产生的类蛋白荧光物质强度较大从而掩盖峰C的强度.然而72 m以下由于厌氧还原条件的出现,沉积物向水体释放了溶解有机质组分,原本强度被掩盖的荧光峰C明显出现在1 000～10 000组分中.     

太湖流域南白荡表层水中溶解有机质赋存特征与来源

在太湖流域广泛分布的湖荡是一种浅水草型湖泊生态系统,研究其中的溶解有机质（DOM）,有助于更好地认识湖泊营养动力学.本研究以南白荡为例,于2019年12月—2021年6月期间采集了14次、共计106个表层水体样品,开展了溶解有机碳（DOC）、紫外-可见吸收光谱及三维荧光光谱等分析,探讨了湖荡中DOM光谱参数、组成、来源及时空分布特征.结果表明：南白荡表层水DOC浓度为2.26 ~ 6.10 mg?L^-1,平均浓度（3.87 mg?L^-1）低于太湖,呈夏高冬低的特征.有色溶解有机质（CDOM）的吸收系数（α₃₅₅）、比吸收系数（SUVA₂₅₄）、光谱斜率（S_275~295）和吸收系数比值（α₂₅₀/α₃₆₅）等参数空间差异不显著（p>0.01）,但表现出与DOC浓度类似的季节变化规律,即CDOM含量、芳香性以及分子量也呈夏高冬低的特征.荧光溶解有机质（FDOM）由类酪氨酸组分（C1,激发波长Ex 277 nm, 发射波长Em 307.5 nm）、陆源类腐殖酸组分（C2,Ex 247/313 nm,Em 440.9 nm）以及类色氨酸组分（C3,Ex <241/289 nm,Em 349.1 nm）组成.C2的荧光强度夏秋高、冬春低,C1和C3的荧光强度冬春高、夏秋低.荧光指数（FI）为1.80 ±0.08,生物源指数（BIX）在春季、秋季、冬季分别为1.11 ±0.07、1.08 ±0.07、1.19 ±0.07,腐殖化指数（HIX）为0.36 ±0.10,说明南白荡FDOM生物内源的贡献相对较多,且腐殖化程度较低;夏季BIX为0.77±0.27,显著低于其他季节（p<0.05）,说明夏季陆源输入降低了自生源的贡献比例.     

辽河保护区水体溶解性有机质空间分布与来源解析

以辽河保护区水体为研究对象,使用三维荧光光谱技术（EEMs）结合平行因子模型（PARAFAC）探究辽河保护区水体溶解性有机质（DOM）的组成成分、主要来源及DOM的空间分布特征.同时,结合水体理化性质指标,运用统计学分析方法研究影响DOM的主要因素.结果表明,辽河保护区表层水中DOM含有3种荧光组分,分别为陆源及海洋源类腐殖C1（λ_Ex/λ_Em=245,315 nm/415 nm）、类富里酸C2（λ_Ex/λ_Em=260,355 nm/470 nm）及类色氨酸C3（λ_Ex/λ_Em=225,280 nm/340 nm）.辽河保护区DOM以类腐殖质物质C1与C2为主要成分（占总组分荧光强度的78%）,以类蛋白质组分C3为次要组分（占总组分荧光强度的22%）.从组分及空间分布上看,DOM类腐殖质组分总荧光强度表现为上游>下游>中游,类蛋白质组分的荧光强度则表现为中游>下游>上游,与周边环境因素及人为扰动因素具有密切关系.DOM来源受内源释放和外源输入共同影响,具有自生源特征和腐殖化特征.通过相关性分析可知,C1、C2与DOC呈显著正相关关系;C3与TP呈正相关关系,与TN呈负相关关系.     

喀斯特地区端元样品中溶解有机质的多维特征与源辨析研究

由于喀斯特地区水生生态系统中碳循环的复杂性,给溶解有机质（Dissolved organic matter,DOM）的来源解析带来了巨大的挑战和困难.本研究应用C/N比值、δ¹³C组成、紫外-可见吸收光谱与三维荧光光谱等表征技术,综合对比了西南喀斯特地区典型土壤与水生植物样品DOM的多维特征,探讨了示踪喀斯特地区DOM来源的可靠方法与指标.结果表明：水生植物的C/N比值波动范围较大,石灰土的C/N比值偏低,水生植物与土壤样品的C/N比值及δ¹³C组成有所重叠,难以区分DOM的来源.多种紫外吸收系数（a₂₅₄、a₂₈₀、a₃₀₀与a₃₅₀）侧面反映了不同DOM样品中芳香族化合物的相对丰度,SUVA₂₅₄、E2/E3、E4/E6与腐殖化指数（HIX、HIX_ohno）指示了样品之间腐殖化程度的差异,特别是HIX、荧光指数（FI）、S_R较好区分了浮游藻类与土壤DOM.修正荧光指数（YFI）还揭示了不同DOM样品的化学组成,与三维荧光光谱的平行因子分析相吻合.此外,黄壤因较低的pH值会使土壤有机质酸解为含氮组分,导致HIX、FI和S_R的匹配性不好.除浮游藻类外,HIX表明水生植物DOM均为内源,S_R却显示其主要为外源,而FI指示兼有内源和外源.因此,在进行喀斯特地区DOM来源解析时,光谱技术相比C/N比值和δ¹³C分析更加简便、有效,同时应注意不同土壤类型的异质性与水生生态系统的复杂性.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.