胃肠模拟体外法的生理参数对室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯与磷系阻燃剂的生物有效性的影响

室内灰尘吞食暴露是邻苯二甲酸酯与磷系阻燃剂的主要暴露途径,测定室内灰尘中该类有机污染物的生物有效性对其暴露风险评价至关重要.本研究选择胃肠模拟体外方法-生理原理提取法(PBET)法测定室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(Dibutyl phthalate,DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(Butyl benzyl phthalate,BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)和三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate,TCEP)的生物有效性.研究了PBET法中胆盐含量、模拟肠液p H值、液固比及同时摄入奶粉等生理参数对生物有效性的影响.结果表明,4种有机污染物的生物有效性从1.5%(DEHP)到52%(TCEP),随污染物辛醇水分配系数的增加而降低.随着模拟液胆盐含量增加,DBP、BBP与DEHP的生物有效性逐渐增加,并在10 g·L~(-1)附近达到最大值后趋于平稳.TCEP由于其较好的水溶性,生物有效性并未随着胆盐含量的增加而明显变化.奶粉含量的增加则显著增加了DBP、BBP、DEHP和TCEP的生物有效性,在10 g·L~(-1)附近达到最大值后普遍呈现下降趋势.随着液固比的增加,DBP和DEHP的生物有效性显著提升,然而BBP与TCEP的生物有效性却未发生明显改变.在p H 6~8范围内,均未对4种有机物的生物有效性产生显著影响.     

Concentrations and distribution of novel brominated flame retardants in the atmosphere and soil of Ny-Ålesund and London Island, Svalbard, Arctic

Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were investigated in Arctic air and soil samples collected from Ny-Ålesund and London Island, Svalbard, during Chinese scientific research expeditions to the Arctic during 2014–2015. The concentrations of Σ₉NBFRs in the Arctic air and soil were 4.9–8.7 pg/m³ (average 6.8 pg/m³) and 101–201 pg/g dw (average 150 pg/g dw), respectively. The atmospheric concentration of hexabromobenzene (HBB) was significantly correlated with that of pentabromotoluene (PBT) and pentabromobenzene (PBBz), suggesting similar source and environmental fate in the Arctic air. No significant spatial difference was observed among the different sampling sites, both for air and soil samples, indicating that the effects of the scientific research stations on the occurrence of NBFRs in the Arctic were minor. The fugacities from soil to air of pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), 2,3-dibromopropyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE), and decabromodiphenylethane 1,2-bis (pentabromophenyl) ethane (DBDPE) were lower than the equilibrium value, indicating a nonequilibrium state of these compounds between air and soil, the dominant impact of deposition and the net transport from air to soil. The correlation analysis between the measured and predicted soil-atmosphere coefficients based on the absorption model showed that the impact of the soil organic matter on the distribution of NBFRs in the Arctic region was minor. To the best of our knowledge, this work is one of the limited reports on atmospheric NBFRs in the Arctic and the first study to investigate the occurrence and fate of NBFRs in the Arctic soil.     

Development of a novel myconanomining approach for the recovery of agriculturally important elements from jarosite waste

In this study, an ecofriendly and economically viable waste management approach have been attempted towards the biosynthesis of agriculturally important nanoparticles from jarosite waste. Aspergillus terreus strain J4 isolated from jarosite(waste from Debari Zinc Smelter,Udaipur, India), showed good leaching efficiency along with nanoparticles(NPs) formation under ambient conditions. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) confirmed the formation of NPs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX analysis) showed strong signals for zinc, iron, calcium and magnesium,with these materials being leached out. TEM analysis and high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) showed semi-quasi spherical particles having average size of 10‐50 nm. Thus, a novel biomethodology was developed using fungal cell-free extract for bioleaching and subsequently nanoconversion of the waste materials into nanostructured form. These biosynthesized nanoparticles were tested for their efficacy on seed emergence activity of wheat(Triticum aestivum) seeds and showed enhanced growth at concentration of 20 ppm. These nanomaterials are expected to enhance plant growth properties and being targeted as additives in soil fertility and crop productivity enhancement.