中国生态市建设的理论与实践

生态市建设是城市可持续发展的新途径。介绍了生态市的发展历程、内涵及意义，重点对我国生态市建设指标的修订情况进行了深入分析，提出建设生态市需加强领导，确保生态市建设有序进行；编制建设规划，明确重点建设任务；完善公共参与机制、目标责任制和投入机制等措施。     

生态常熟的发展之路

6月5日,常熟市委书记在北京人民大会堂接过了环保总局颁发的"全国生态市"奖牌,成为全国首批6个生态市(区、县)之一.这是常熟继获得国家环保模范城市、国家生态示范区、国际花园城市等一系列荣誉称号后又一荣誉,常熟的生态市建设之路值得每一个城市借鉴.     

加快山东胶州生态市建设的对策探讨

针对目前山东省胶州市生态市建设中存在的突出问题,全面提出了加快该市生态市建设工作的对策,以期更好地贯彻落实科学发展观,推进生态市建设的步伐.     

以科学发展观推进生态市建设

在河南省，除鹤壁，义马两市提出发展循环经济外，其他还没有提出建设循环经济生态市的地方。永城作为率先开展生态市建设的一个县级城市，生态市建设的成功实践对于扩大永城在全省乃至全国的知名度，叫响“生态永城”的品牌．进而为永城市的经济社会发展带来深远的。多层次、多方面的影响，对于扩大招商引资、促进旅游业发展都具有十分重要的意义。     

莱阳市发展生态经济和建设生态市问题的探讨

针对莱阳市生态市建设过程中出现的水环境、地表环境及农业环境问题,通过分析莱阳市生态建设规划到具体实施过程中针对性开展的水土保持及水利建设、发展生态农业及产业结构调整、现有污染源治理等一系列工作,指出发展生态经济是莱阳市建设生态市的必由之路.     

二月生态创建行动忙

2008年春节刚过，各地的生态建设立刻紧锣密鼓地开始行动起来。 福建省厦门市的《厦门生态市建设规划及实施纲要》（以下简称《纲要》），通过了由国家环保总局组织的专家评审。《纲要》在国家环保总局建设生态市的要求和考核指标体系的基础上，针对厦门实际，细化了生态市建设目标和相应的指标体系，对厦门市全面实施生态市建设具有指导作用，并对我国其他城市生态市建设具有借鉴意义。     

对秦皇岛生态市建设的几点思考

生态市建设是落实科学发展观、建设环境友好型社会的重要载体。本文对生态市的内涵进行了比较深入的分析，在此基础上，还分析了秦皇岛建设生态市的意义、基础条件、重点任务、保障措施。     

精心构建“生态宝塔”——张家港乡镇“创优”支撑生态市建设

创建全国环境优美镇,已成为江苏省张家港创建生态市的重要组成部分,自2002年以来,自下而上的创建活动,为支撑生态市建设奠定了坚实基础。作为张家港全面启动生态市建设的“重中之重”工程,环境优美镇的建设已呈现出全面开花结     

生态市建设的战略环境影响评价初探——以淮南市为例

生态市建设是一项系统工程，是实现可持续发展的必然途径。通过对战略环境影响评价理论、方法的探讨，开发出了针对生态市建设的战略环境影响评价技术框架，并以淮南市为例，构建了一套完整的战略环境影响评价指标体系。最后分析了淮南生态市建设SEIA的主要内容：土地利用规划、产业政策结构调整以及各项战略的环境影响评价，为生态市建设SEIA提供方法和技术支持。     

优化发展环境推进生态市建设——烟台市生态市建设工作的调查

2003年9月,山东生态省建设动员大会在烟台市召开之后,市委、市政府迅速做出了建设生态市的决定,动员全市上下解放思想、振奋精神、齐心协力做好创建工作,力争生态市建设走在全省前列,揭开了烟台城市建设历程中崭新的一页。生态市建设稳步推进在市委、市政府的正确领导下,烟台市     

Constructing the sustainable city: examining the role of sustainability in the ‘smart city’ discourse

The idea of the ‘smart city’ is increasingly central to debates on urban development and sustainability, and a host of cities are now pursuing ‘smartness’ as a way to improve energy efficiency, transport, and public services. However, existing research does not provide a clear picture of how this smart city agenda actually contributes to sustainability. The social science literature has been critical toward urban smartness, with most of the empirical research focusing on the politics of data-driven and entrepreneurial urbanism. This article seeks to contribute to this debate by empirically examining the role that sustainability plays in the smart city discourse. Its distinctive approach is to investigate how urban smartness and sustainability are framed by an authoritative institution (the European Union) and then to trace these framings down to a particular city (Stavanger, Norway). The data show that the smartness approach is strongly tied to innovation, technology, and economic entrepreneurialism, and sustainability does not appear to be a very important motivating driver. Nevertheless, the ‘sustainability component’ of the smart city agenda becomes clearer the closer we come to the city level.     

生态城市四元主体模型的构建

生态城市作为人类的理想居住地，其构建和发展与人类的生产和生活息息相关。明确一个生态城市系统的构成主体及各构成主体在生态城市的构建和发展过程中所起的作用，对研究生态城市至关重要。通过对生态城市构成主体及发展阶段的分析研究，提出由非政府组织、政府、企业、城市居民四方面主体构建生态城市的四元主体模型设想；通过分析各主体参与构建模型的必要性和作用，阐述了在生态城市发展的不同阶段四元主体模型的演变过程。     

烟台市水环境污染与经济发展的关系研究

对烟台市2001~2017年水环境质量与经济发展的系列数据进行收集、整理及分析后,建立以环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)及其相关理论为基础的烟台市人均GDP与烟台市水环境污染指标的计量模型。对结果进行分析后发现:烟台市工业污水排放量对数值与人均GDP对数值间关系呈倒“N”形曲线,烟台市城乡居民生活污水排放量与人均GDP间关系大致呈倒“U”形曲线。烟台市的水环境问题在一段时间内有所缓解,但随着经济发展有出现新问题的可能,为了持续对污水排放进行防治,烟台市应继续采取因地制宜的水环境保护措施。     

Stretching “smart”: advancing health and well-being through the smart city agenda

ABSTRACT

Contemporary smart cities have largely mirrored the sustainable development agenda by embracing an ecological modernisation approach to urban development. There is a strong focus on stimulating economic activity and environmental protection with little emphasis on social equity and the human experience. The health and well-being agenda has potential to shift the focus of smart cities to centre on social aims. Through the systematic and widespread application of technologies such as wearable health monitors, the creation of open data platforms for health parameters, and the development of virtual communication between patients and health professionals, the smart city can serve as a means to improve the lives of urban residents. In this article, we present a case study of smart health in Kashiwanoha Smart City in Japan. We explore how the pursuit of greater health and well-being has stretched smart city activities beyond technological innovation to directly impact resident lifestyles and become more socially relevant. Smart health strategies examined include a combination of experiments in monitoring and visualisation, education through information provision, and enticement for behavioural change. Findings suggest that smart cities have great potential to be designed and executed to tackle social problems and realise more sustainable, equitable and liveable cities.     

Implementation of riverside parks in the city of São Paulo – progress and constraints

The environmental degradation of urban rivers and streams in large cities has led to the development of a variety of public policies. In the city of São Paulo, Brazil, a policy for recovering watercourses and valley floors has been developed with the implementation of riverside parks. This represents a new paradigm for the city in terms of its relationship with rivers and streams. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study, which aimed to analyse riverside parks in the city of São Paulo during the last decade. The study analysed the main management difficulties in relation to these types of urban park during their post-implementation stage, assessing their performance in relation to their social and environmental functions. It addressed issues such as the state of the site before and after the implementation of the riverside park, levels of user satisfaction in relation to the state of the watercourse, sports and leisure facilities, green space, security and the way the park is used. The study showed that riverside parks are recognised as elements that improve the quality of public spaces, socially legitimised as public policies.     

关于秦皇岛市创建国家环境保护模范城市的对策与建议

创建国家环保模范城市是提高城市管理水平,改善城市环境质量,实施城市经济可持续发展的重要举措,本文结合秦皇岛市创建国家环保工作的当前进展,客观分析总结了创建工作存在的差距和面临的任务,对下步工作提出了意见和建议。     

朝阳开发区造纸工业园建设可持续发展研究与实践

针对朝阳开发区造纸工业园控制性详细规划,采用层次分析法构建规划环境影响评价指标体系,在此基础上,分析朝阳开发区造纸工业园建设的可持续发展水平,为朝阳开发区造纸工业园建设环境决策的科学性提供技术依据。朝阳开发区造纸工业园区域发展规划实施后,规划各期区域整体可持续发展水平基本保持稳定,均为Ⅲ级,即可持续发展水平为中等。经济子系统和社会子系统可持续发展水平各期逐渐下降,而环境子系统可持续发展水平各期呈上升趋势。这说明,随着园区的进一步发展,其环境效益日益明显。     

The SEAP in the city of Girona,a crossroads between boldness and pragmatism

The Covenant of Mayors has secured the commitments of over 5400 European Cities (as of December 2013) to achieving the European Union 20-20-20 climate change mitigation targets by 2020 through action at the local level. Due to the youth of the initiative, few experiences have been reported in the academic literature. We study the development of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) in the city of Girona (Catalonia, Spain) to analyse the opportunities and challenges this process may present in a small- to medium-sized, compact Mediterranean city. This knowledge can provide information to local authorities in similar municipalities, technical teams and decision-makers at the European level interested in enhancing the performance of such plans in the future. In this article, we explain how the SEAP was developed in Girona, the main results and proposed actions, and discuss the main setbacks. We conclude that an overarching European oversight organism is advisable to coordinate and aid local efforts.     

Conservation‐Induced Wastewater Flow Reductions Improve Nitrogen Removal: Evidence from New York City1

Abstract: Water resources are under increasing pressure to meet potable supply needs while sustaining aquatic ecosystems and fisheries. Growing populations and enforcement of the Total Maximum Daily Load provisions of the Clean Water Act present public water and wastewater utilities with costly options to meet potable water demands and reduce pollutant discharges into receiving waters. This paper documents that New York City’s comprehensive water conservation program – designed to extend the city’s safe yield of potable water—has also resulted in reduced nitrogen discharges from the city’s water pollution control plants during a period of population increases. This paper demonstrates and quantifies the effects that wastewater inflow volume reductions have on increased nitrogen removal, controlling for plant process changes. Conservation programs have saved the city billions of dollars in delayed or avoided capital improvements to both water and wastewater treatment plants, and have enabled the city to meet interim effluent discharge standards.     

Managing the adverse thermal effects of urban development in a densely populated Chinese city

Guangzhou city in South China has experienced an accelerated urban development since the 1980s. This paper examines the impact of the urban development on urban heat islands through a historical analysis of urban-rural air temperature differences. Remote sensing techniques were applied to derive information on land use/cover and land surface temperatures and to assess the thermal response patterns of land cover types. The results revealed an overriding importance of urban land cover expansion in the changes in heat island intensity and surface temperature patterns. Urban development was also related to a continual air temperature increase in the 1980s and 1990s. The combined use of satellite-derived vegetation and land cover distributions with land surface temperature maps provides a potential useful tool for many planning applications. The city's greening campaigns and landscaping designs should consider the different cooling effects of forest, shrubs and grassy lawns for temperature control and should plant more tall trees.