共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 614 毫秒
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Robert D. Perlack J. Timothy Ensminger and Romeo Martinez 《Natural resources forum》2001,25(3):235-244
Conditions in Guatemala's Rio Dulce National Park (RDNP) present an immediate decision-making challenge concerning the reversal of current destructive environmental trends, and in establishing policies for restoration, protection, and sustainable use. This article summarises results of environmental assessment activities undertaken at three levels: an environmental impact assessment (EIA) of a proposed industrial forestry activity, an environmental assessment of management options for the Rio Dulce National Park, and water management planning for the Rio Dulce/Lago Izabal watershed. A key result of the EIA was to prohibit construction of a barge terminal within the boundaries of the park because it could set a precedent for future development. Management options for the park focused on establishing land-use controls, dealing with river transport more effectively, and identifying funding mechanisms to implement solutions. At the watershed scale, a strategic approach was recommended to identify priority issues for initiating change toward sustainability in the region. 相似文献
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J. R. Williams 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1975,11(5):965-974
ABSTRACT: A sediment routing technique was developed to route sediment yield from small watersheds through streams and valleys to the outlet of large watersheds. The technique is based on the modified universal sol loss equation and a first order decay function of travel time and particle size. Deposition is dependent upon settling velocities of sediment particles, travel time, and the amount of sediment in suspension. Sediment routing increases sediment yield prediction accuracy and allows determination of subwatershed contributions to the total sediment yield. Also, the locations and amounts of floodplain scour and deposition can be predicted. Another advantage of sediment routing is that measured sediment yield data are not required. The procedure performed satisfactorily in test routings on two Texas blackland watersheds Sediment routing will be useful in flood control evaluation, reservoir and channel design, water quality calculations, environmental impact assessment, and land-use planning. 相似文献
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Craig L. Shafer 《Environmental management》1999,23(1):49-73
/ This review will trace the evolution of beyond boundary/buffer zone thinking and policy responses in the US National Park Service (NPS); address buffer zone science, benefits, and limitations; examine pertinent legal and social concerns; highlight some agency attempts to create buffer zone-like areas; and propose highlights of a protected area strategy, with buffer zones and corridors as one component. Some findings follow. The need to expand national parks to accommodate large ungulate movement began in the late 1800s, but the recognition that such land was also needed to thwart human impacts such as poaching surfaced in the 1930s. External park buffer zone recommendations by 1930s park scientists were not implemented, and other related adopted policy forgotten, supporting the belief that great insight can be discovered in forgotten institutional history. Buffer zones can remedy some impacts but not others, but their benefits are multiple and underappreciated. The science of buffer zones is very immature and deserves more attention. A present primary obstacle to creating park buffer zones and connecting corridors is a social climate opposing federal initiatives that may intrude on the rights of private landowners. Some proactive NPS bufferlike activity examples are reviewed, but there were none where permanent, complete, effective nonlegislated park buffer zones, derived from nonfederal property, circumscribed large natural area parks. The need for buffer zones and corridors may be a symptom of inadequate regional planning. Options to create buffer zones from private and federal land are outlined. A comprehensive, overall protected area strategy must include more than just buffer zones, with highlights provided. Because optimal regional planning for US national parks is now thwarted by land-use politics, American society must soon decide what is most crucial to future well-being. KEY WORDS: Buffer zone; Reserve; Boundary; Policy; Planning 相似文献
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Land-use allocation has important implications for the conservation and management of tropical forests. Peru’s forestry regime
has recently been reformed and more than 7 million ha has been assigned as forest concessions. This potentially has a drastic
impact on the land-use practices and species composition of the assigned areas. Nevertheless, the environmental variation
found within the concessions and the process applied to delimit them are poorly studied and documented. Thus, it is difficult
to estimate the biological impacts of forestry activities in concessions or plan them sustainably. This paper reveals the
characteristics of the current concession allocation in Loreto, Peruvian Amazonia, using environmental and access-related
variables and compares the concessions to other major land-use assignments. The work draws on a number of data sets describing
land-use, ecosystem diversity, and fluvial network in the region. According to our data, certain environment types such as
relatively fertile Pebas soils are overrepresented in the concessions, while others, like floodplain forests, are underrepresented
in comparison to other land-use assignments. Concessions also have less anthropogenic disturbance than other areas. Furthermore,
concessions are located on average further from the river network than the other land-use assignments studied. We claim that
forest classification based on productivity, soil fertility, accessibility, and biodiversity patterns is an achievable long-term
goal for forest authorities in Peru, and in many other tropical countries. We present a rough design of a geographic information
system incorporating environmental, logging, and access-related data that could be applied to approach this goal in Peru. 相似文献
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As in other mountain regions of Asia, agricultural lands in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh are undergoing
degradation due primarily to environmentally incompatible land-use systems such as shifting cultivation (jhum) and annual cash crops. The suitable land-use systems such as agroforestry and timber tree plantation provide benefit to
the society at large, but they might not provide attractive economic benefits to farmers, eventually constraining a wide-scale
adoption of such land-use systems. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate agricultural land-use systems from both societal
and private perspectives in the pursuit of promoting particularly environmentally sustainable systems. This article evaluated
five major land-use systems being practiced in CHT, namely jhum, annual cash crops, horticulture, agroforestry, and timber plantation. The results of the financial analysis revealed the
annual cash crops as the most attractive land use and jhum as the least attractive of the five land-use systems considered under the study. Horticulture, timber plantation, and agroforestry,
considered to be suitable land-use systems particularly for mountainous areas, held the middle ground between these two systems.
Annual cash crops provided the highest financial return at the cost of a very high rate of soil erosion. When the societal
cost of soil erosion is considered, annual cash crops appear to be the most costly land-use system, followed by jhum and horticulture. Although financially less attractive compared to annual cash crops and horticulture, agroforestry and timber
plantation are the socially most beneficial land-use systems. Findings of the alternative policy analyses indicate that there
is a good prospect for making environmentally sustainable land-use systems, such as agroforestry and timber plantation, attractive
for the farmers by eliminating existing legal and institutional barriers, combined with the provision of necessary support
services and facilities.
相似文献
Golam RasulEmail: |
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Garreth E. Bruff Adrian P. Wood 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2000,43(4):519-539
This paper assesses the contribution of land-use planning to the objectives of local sustainable development in some of the UK's most urbanized areas. Sustainable development provides the context within which local planning policies are now being prepared, and can be seen to be a potentially important aspect of central government's proposals for modernizing local government. Using the results from a comprehensive survey of development plans in metropolitan authorities, the paper assesses both the strengths and the weaknesses of land-use planning in terms of sustainable development and speculates upon the lessons they may offer to the government's more recent proposals on modernizing local government. 相似文献
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本文结合某工业园区的突发环境事件应急管理实例,初步探讨了在突发环境事件应急管理中引入SWOT分析法,从而为其应急管理指明战略目标和方向。在SWOT分析深入了解工业园区在应急管理方面所面临的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战的基础上,通过矩阵分析成功得出了该工业园区应急管理的方向、可持续策略。可见,SWOT分析法在突发环境事件应急管理方面具有一定的应用潜力。 相似文献
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Toward Sustainable Management of National Parks in Japan: Securing Local Community and Stakeholder Participation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Hiwasaki L 《Environmental management》2005,35(6):753-764
Japan’s national park system constitutes a potentially viable mechanism for securing local community participation and building stakeholder consensus for sustainable park management, although the potential of this system is yet to be fully maximized. This article gives an overview of the system of protecting natural resources in Japan, focusing on the national park system. Parks are managed by zoning and regulation, which is unique in that land is not “set aside” for nature conservation, but designated as national park wherever the need to preserve “scenic beauty” has been recognized, regardless of land ownership or land use. Although resource conservation under this system has been problematic, it has advantages, especially in terms of community participation. This article demonstrates that in order to reach the system’s potential, the park authority must act as coordinator of stakeholders and facilitator of bottom-up approaches to decision-making. In order to do this, steps that must be taken include the following: identifying the various stakeholders in park management and defining the “local community”; clarifying the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder; and supporting consensus-building among stakeholders regarding the objectives and long-term vision of each park. By taking these steps, it would be possible to build a park management system that overrides government boundaries and involves local communities. This will enable the park authority to address the challenges facing Japan’s complex system of conserving natural resources, and move towards sustainable management of natural resources in Japan. 相似文献
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Out of the wilderness? Achieving sustainable development within Scottish national parks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The introduction of national parks to Scotland represents a significant shift in the evolution of protected area management within the UK. Although the National Parks (Scotland) Act 2000 adopts the established national park aims of conservation and recreation, provisions are also made for advancing notions of sustainable development. This paper provides an assessment of the degree to which the Scottish national park model is likely to enable the realisation of multiple national park objectives. Five key areas are considered for analysis. These relate to management aims, institutional arrangements, implementation, democratic accountability and funding. The evaluation reveals that whilst management provisions have been established in accordance with international sustainable development guidelines, a number of concerns relating to operational processes remain. 相似文献
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The importance of preserving both protected areas and their surrounding landscapes as one of the major conservation strategies
for tigers has received attention over recent decades. However, the mechanism of how land-use surrounding protected areas
affects the dynamics of tiger populations is poorly understood. We developed Panthera Population Persistence (PPP)—an individual-based
model—to investigate the potential mechanism of the Sumatran tiger population dynamics in a protected area and under different
land-use scenarios surrounding the reserve. We tested three main landscape compositions (single, combined and real land-uses
of Tesso-Nilo National Park and its surrounding area) on the probability of and time to extinction of the Sumatran tiger over
20 years in Central Sumatra. The model successfully explains the mechanisms behind the population response of tigers under
different habitat landscape compositions. Feeding and mating behaviours of tigers are key factors, which determined population
persistence in a heterogeneous landscape. All single land-use scenarios resulted in tiger extinction but had a different probability
of extinction within 20 years. If tropical forest was combined with other land-use types, the probability of extinction was
smaller. The presence of agroforesty and logging concessions adjacent to protected areas encouraged the survival of tiger
populations. However, with the real land-use scenario of Tesso-Nilo National Park, tigers could not survive for more than
10 years. Promoting the practice of agroforestry systems surrounding the park is probably the most reasonable way to steer
land-use surrounding the Tesso-Nilo National Park to support tiger conservation. 相似文献
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土地利用与生态环境协调度评价是衡量区域可持续发展的重要内容.在构建土地利用与生态环境协调发展评价指标体系的基础上,运用协调度模型,对黑龙江省1999-2008年土地利用与生态环境协调度进行评价.结果表明:黑龙江省土地利用与生态环境协调度和协调发展度均呈现出逐渐上升的态势,但整体发展水平不高,土地生态环境建设压力仍然很大.在此基础上,提出构建生态环境友好型土地利用模式,提高科技投入水平,大力发展生态农业,有效防治工业污染,提高土地生态环境治理投入等对策与建议. 相似文献
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Exploring changes in Ecuadorian land use for food production and their effects on natural resources 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A model is used for the dynamic and spatially explicit exploration of near future agricultural land-use changes. In a case study for Ecuador, different plausible scenarios are formulated, taking into account possible developments in national food demand until the year 2010. The protection of nature parks and restrictions due to land degradation are evaluated with respect to their possible spatial impacts on the land-use change dynamics within the country. Under the assumptions of the demand scenarios, agricultural land-use expands significantly, resulting in more use of land in existing agricultural areas and frontier-type expansion into relatively undisturbed natural areas. The patterns of change depend on the increase in demand, competition between land-use types, changes in driving factors of land use, and the area and characteristics of land that is excluded from agricultural use. The modelled land-use dynamics are related to their possible impacts on the natural resource base, specifically soil fertility. The results indicate potential negative effects of land-use changes on the soil nutrient balance and biodiversity. It is argued that spatial and temporal quantification of land-use dynamics at the landscape level can support research and policies aimed at understanding the driving factors of land-use change and the behaviour of complex agro-ecosystems under changing conditions at different scales. In this way, issues dealing with sustainable food production and the management of the natural resource base can be addressed in a more integrated and quantitative manner. 相似文献
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Kara Scheel Ryan R. Morrison Antonio Annis Fernando Nardi 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(2):413-429
The widespread construction of levees has reduced river–floodplain connectivity and altered associated fluvial processes in many river systems. Despite the recognition that levees can alter floodplain connectivity, few studies have examined the role of levees in reducing floodplain areas at large watershed scales. This paper explores the application of a hydrogeomorphic floodplain inundation model in the Wabash Basin, located in the Midwestern United States, to assess changes in floodplain area in levee‐protected areas. We evaluate 10‐ and 30‐m topographic resolutions and spatially examine the influence of levees on floodplain area in relation to river network attributes. Generally, floodplains in levee‐protected areas were influenced by topographic resolution, stream order, and elevation details of levees found in topography datasets. We show, when compared to Federal Emergency Management Agency maps, our approach underpredicts floodplain area when using 10‐m resolution topography data but only slightly overpredicts when using 30‐m resolution data. After removing details of levees from topography data, we found changes in floodplain area varied spatially, but basin‐aggregate results changed little compared to topography datasets that contain levees, though larger floodplain areas were produced in some regions where levees were removed. This work contributes to a growing research emphasis on using hydrogeomorphic floodplain models to understand floodplain disconnectivity. 相似文献
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Paulo Ribeiro Fernando Fonseca Carolina Neiva Tiziana Bardi Júlia M. Lourenço 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(2):195-213
This paper describes an integrated approach to transform an industrial park into an eco-industrial park by combining three interconnected goals, namely, the consolidation of industrial symbiosis, the promotion of sustainable accessibility and the development of multi-functionalities. The result is an interdependent approach where industrial and territorial ecosystems are jointly planned, seeking a more sustainable level of development that considers industrial activity, the transportation of people and goods and the spatial articulation with the neighbouring environment and urban areas. The critical points and challenges for improving the territorial integration of the French industrial park of Salaise-Sablons are discussed, providing lessons for the future. Regardless of the specificities of the case study, this approach has the potential to be adopted in similar industrial parks. 相似文献
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An assessment of floodplain regulation by the Upper Thames River Conservation Authority in the City of London for the period
1978–1989 was undertaken. Utilizing a mix of data sources available through the conservation authority office, questionnaires
administered to flooplain residents, interviews with relevant government officials, and housing statistics, the study concludes
that regulations have been administered in an equitable and efficient manner. However, regulations have had some problems
in controlling all development activity and in addressing policy objectives. Problems arise from weaknesses in the Conservation
Authorities Act, an ensuing lack of judicial and participating municipal support in prosecuting violations, and inadequate
monitoring and enforcement of development activity. Without addressing these issues, the basic problems associated with floodplain
management in Ontario will remain. 相似文献
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Application of spatial multi-criteria analysis to site selection for a local park: a case study in the Bergamo Province, Italy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This contribution discusses a site selection process for establishing a local park. It was supported by a value-focused approach and spatial multi-criteria evaluation techniques. A first set of spatial criteria was used to design a number of potential sites. Next, a new set of spatial and non-spatial criteria was employed, including the social functions and the financial costs, together with the degree of suitability for the park to evaluate the potential sites and to recommend the most acceptable one. The whole process was facilitated by a new software tool that supports spatial multiple criteria evaluation, or SMCE. The application of this tool, combined with a continual feedback by the public administration, has provided an effective methodology to solve complex decisional problem in land-use and urban planning. 相似文献
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Characterizing the Extent of Spatially Integrated Floodplain and Wetland Systems in the White River,Indiana, USA 下载免费PDF全文
C. R. Lane A. Hall E. D'Amico N. Sangwan V. Merwade 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(4):774-790
Floodplain delineation may inform protection of wetland systems under local, state, or federal laws. Nationally available Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs, “100‐year floodplain” maps) focus on urban areas and higher‐order river systems, limiting utility at large scales. Few other national‐scale floodplain data are available. We acquired FIRMs for a large watershed and compared FIRMs to floodplain and integrated wetland area mapping methods based on (1) geospatial distance, (2) geomorphic setting, and (3) soil characteristics. We used observed flooding events (OFEs) with recurrence intervals of 25‐50 to >100 years to assess floodplain estimate accuracy. FIRMs accurately reflected floodplain areas based on OFEs and covered 32% of river length, whereas soil‐based mapping was not as accurate as FIRMs but characterized floodplain areas over approximately 65% of stream length. Geomorphic approaches included more areas than indicated by OFE, whereas geospatial approaches tended to cover less area. Overall, soil‐based methods have the highest utility in determining floodplains and their integrated wetland areas at large scales due to the use of nationally available data and flexibility for regional application. These findings will improve floodplain and integrated wetland system extent assessment for better management at local, state, and national scales. 相似文献