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1.
A resource survey and planning method for parks, reserves, and other environmentally significant areas (ESAs) is presented in the context of a holistic balanced approach to land use and environmental management. This method provides a framework for the acquisition, analysis, presentation, and application of diverse ecological data pertinent to land use planning and resource management within ESAs. Through the independent analysis and subsequent integration of abiotic, biotic, and cultural or ABC information, land areas within an ESA are identified in terms of their relative environmental significance and environmental constraints. The former term encompasses wildlife, historic, and other resource values, while the latter term reflects biophysical hazards and sensitivities, and land use conflicts. The method thus calls for a matching of an ESA's distinctive attributes with appropriate land use and institutional arrancements through an analysis of available acts, regulations, agencies, and other conservation and land use management mechanisms. The method culminates with a management proposal showing proposed park or reserve allocations, buffer areas, or other land use controls aimed at preserving an ESA's special ecological qualities, while providing for resource development. The authors suggest that all resource management decisions affecting ESA's should be governed by a philosophical stance that recognizes a spectrum of broad land use types, ranging from preservation to extractive use and rehabilitation. 相似文献
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Shiva H. Achet Assistant Professor of Geography Environmental Science Bill Fleming 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2006,49(5):675-694
A watershed management framework for mountain areas is based on lessons learned from watershed management experience, social and institutional learning, and the use of a watershed management program evaluation in Nepal. The lessons led to the adoption of a subwatershed-based ecosystem approach based on local participation at the subwatershed level. An integrated watershed management framework (IWMF) consisting of eight steps with three checklists was developed focusing on improvement-oriented adaptive management. The eight steps lead to the preparation of a watershed management plan. In the process three checklists are used. While the first checklist has general questions pertaining to watershed analysis, the second allows participation analysis of stakeholders in terms of their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and opens up new prospects for further reinforcing or building new user group institutions based on consensus. The final checklist consists of hierarchical watershed management objectives, including goals, results and activities leading to a program planning matrix. The framework was applied to watershed planning in the Chure Region to compare the framework-based planning with conventional planning procedures. A significant difference in quality and substance of the output, with and without the use of the framework, suggests that an integrated framework is a useful tool for an ecosystem-based approach to natural resource management and socio-technical conservation. 相似文献
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Role of Adaptive Management for Watershed Councils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Habron G 《Environmental management》2003,31(1):0029-0041
Recent findings in the Umpqua River Basin in southwestern Oregon illustrate a tension in the rise of both community-based
and watershed-based approaches to aquatic resource management. While community-based institutions such as watershed councils
offer relief from the government control landowners dislike, community-based approaches impinge on landowners' strong belief
in independence and private property rights. Watershed councils do offer the local control landowners advocate; however, institutional
success hinges on watershed councils' ability to reduce bureaucracy, foster productive discussion and understanding among
stakeholders, and provide financial, technical, and coordination support. Yet, to accomplish these tasks current watershed
councils rely on the fiscal and technical capital of the very governmental entities that landowners distrust. Adaptive management
provides a basis for addressing the apparent tension by incorporating landowners' belief in environmental resilience and acceptance
of experimentation that rejects “one size fits all solutions.” Therefore community-based adaptive watershed management provides
watershed councils a framework that balances landowners' independence and fear of government intrusion, acknowledges the benefits
of community cooperation through watershed councils, and enables ecological assessment of landowner-preferred practices. Community-based
adaptive management integrates social and ecological suitability to achieve conservation outcomes by providing landowners
the flexibility to use a diverse set of conservation practices to achieve desired ecological outcomes, instead of imposing
regulations or specific practices. 相似文献
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公众参与市容环境规划与管理的方法设计--以南京市的实践为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
市容环境是与公众生活联系最为紧密的领域,也是公众参与最容易进行的领域。南京的城市建设要实现“经济发达、环境优美、融古都特色和现代文明于一体的现代化江滨城市”的目标,公众参与市容环境的规划与管理是关键内容之一。论文以“南京市市容环境卫生发展规划”项目工作为基础,分析和阐述公众参与的内涵,提出公众参与市容环境的五大步骤,并针对南京市容环境方面的具体案例,设计出符合南京特色的公众参与市容环境规划与管理的方法框架模型,包括决策模式、制度框架的共管体系。 相似文献
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Ecological planning: A review 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Beginning with the passage of the National Environmental Policy Act in 1969, the federal government of the United States has enacted numerous pieces of legislation intended to protect or conserve the environment. Other national governments have also enacted environmental legislation during the past two decades. State and local governments have also adopted policies concerned with environmental planning and management. Multiple laws and overlapping governmental agency responsibilities have confused development and resource management efforts. A comprehensive methodology that integrates the legal mandates and the agency missions into a common and unified framework is needed. Ecological planning offers such a method. Application of the method allows planners and resource managers to better understand the nature and character of the land and/or resource and therefore make better decisions about its appropriate use or management. The steps taken in an ecological planning process—1) goal setting, 2) inventory and analysis of data, 3) suitability analysis, 4) developing alternatives, 5) implementation, 6) administration, and 7) evaluation—are outlined and explained. Hand-drawn overlays and computer programs as techniques for handling ecological planning information are compared. Observations and suggestions for further research are offered. 相似文献
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Liane Nakamura Stephen M. Born 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1993,29(5):807-821
ABSTRACT: Since the 1970s, there has been extensive experimentation with new approaches to water and land resources management at the state and local levels. There is a critical need to document, assess, and synthesize lessons learned from the nation's recent experience with subnational institutional changes in environmental management. This paper examines institutional changes aimed at more integrated water and related resources management at the substate level of government. We describe innovative institutional changes in a case study of Dane County, Wisconsin, and assess the implementation and preliminary consequences of these changes. Dissatisfaction with watershed and lake management results and perceptions of institutional inadequacy led to significant changes in the structure and rules for county resources management. A new entity was created to focus watershed management responsibilities. The scope of authority and powers were expanded. However, these changes all occurred within the framework of a general purpose unit of government. The new institutional arrangements have achieved a number of milestones, although it is premature to fully assess resource outcomes. The substantive changes, implementation tactics, and overall experience in Dane County's reforms - especially with regard to addressing intergovernmental tensions and decentralized management, limited authorities and funding, and public and constituency support - have useful implications for other substate efforts at more comprehensive and integrated water resources management. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Most spatial decision support systems for natural resource planning and management are limited by their scenario-based (non-behavioral), deterministic (non-stochastic) structure. A spatial decision support system is developed that uses a multiple attribute decision-making model to explain how a property manager selects a land and water resource management system (LWRMS) based on its multiple, stochastic economic and environmental attributes. The decision support system assesses sustainable resource management at the property and watershed scales and identifies the most cost-effective policy for enhancing sustainable resource management. Economic attributes are determined with an economic model and environmental attributes are simulated with an environmental model. Input parameters for both models are generated with a geographic information system. The decision support system is used to rank five LWRMS for a sample of 20 farmers in Missouri's Goodwater Creek watershed and for two hypothetical watershed alliance groups. Results indicate that the average farmer and the two alliance groups would rank the five LWRMS in the same manner. From the viewpoint of the watershed alliance, the most preferred LWRMS for the average farmer in the watershed is sustainable. 相似文献
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中国改革开放的40年也是生态环境保护管理体制不断改革和飞跃的40年。自1972年开展生态环境保护工作起,围绕着解决不同发展阶段突出环境问题的需要,每10年左右实现一次环境管理体制改革"大跨跃",不断改革、创新和发展了具有中国特色的生态环境保护治理体系与模式。坚持在发展中解决环境问题,以改善生态环境质量为核心,逐步构建了符合不同发展阶段特征的生态环境保护管理体系,包括完备的生态环境规划政策体系、完善的生态环境治理体系、完整的生态环境保护法律体系。在新时代中国特色社会主义建设过程中,应瞄准建设美丽中国的战略目标,立足中国、放眼世界,坚持绿色发展,做好顶层设计,构建生态环境管理体系新格局,共建清洁美丽世界。 相似文献
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Jacob J. Burke 《Natural resources forum》1994,18(3):181-192
In southern Africa institutional capacity in the water sector is severely limited by diminishing regular budget and external assistance allocations. The result has been an overall decline in operational water resource management. This is ironic given the international community's current concern with 'integrated' or 'comprehensive' water resources management. Often, so-called integrated attempts at river basin planning and development have been conceived within the framework of a river basin authority or regional master plans. Such large-scale attempts have not necessarily been compatible either with the national capacity in water resources management or the existing institutional and legislative frameworks. In many cases the actual integration of a basin's physical resources and social, economic and environmental demands is poorly executed. To examine a way forward in resolving what is clearly an unsustainable state of affairs, a diagnostic study of the Kafue Basin, Zambia, was carried out in order to identify a set of water resource management options for a basin currently under stress. A physical framework for the Kafue Basin was established and principal subcatchments and hydro-geological subsystems identified. Current water resource issues in the basin are discussed and a multiobjective approach is proposed to allow intersectoral competition for the basin's limited water resources to be reconciled. 相似文献
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In conjunction with socioeconomic development in watersheds, increasingly challenging problems, such as scarcity of water
resources and environmental deterioration, have arisen. Watershed management is a useful tool for dealing with these issues
and maintaining sustainable development at the watershed scale. The complex and uncertain characteristics of watershed systems
have a great impact on decisions about countermeasures and other techniques that will be applied in the future. An optimization
method based on scenario analysis is proposed in this paper as a means of handling watershed management under uncertainty.
This method integrates system analysis, forecast methods, and scenario analysis, as well as the contributions of stakeholders
and experts, into a comprehensive framework. The proposed method comprises four steps: system analyses, a listing of potential
engineering techniques and countermeasures, scenario analyses, and the optimal selection of countermeasures and engineering
techniques. The proposed method was applied to the case of the Lake Qionghai watershed in southwestern China, and the results
are reported in this paper. This case study demonstrates that the proposed method can be used to deal efficiently with uncertainties
at the watershed level. Moreover, this method takes into consideration the interests of different groups, which is crucial
for successful watershed management. In particular, social, economic, environmental, and resource systems are all considered
in order to improve the applicability of the method. In short, the optimization method based on scenario analysis proposed
here is a valuable tool for watershed management. 相似文献
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"多规合一"是未来规划编制与管理城市的必然发展趋势。最小生态安全距离不仅是探索"多规合一"的重要技术工具,也是"多规合一"中空间管控的重要内容。最小生态安全距离以资源环境承载力为基础核心,是城市开发不能逾越的距离。划定最小生态安全距离是为了满足城市生态系统良性循环、生态系统服务功能正常运转以及环境容量不超载,城市间或城市功能单元间经济社会活动空间间隔的最小距离。利用最小生态安全距离划定出的基本规避空间,可以让环规、城规和土规实现统一的空间管控的最终目标。依靠最小生态安全距离,能够科学地划定城市布局,提升城镇化发展质量和空间管控质量,更好地实现城市规划的编制与管理。 相似文献
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本研究基于生态文明体制改革的迫切需求,立足我国不同区域现实状况的差异,以我国东部某省为研究对象,基于充分的文献研究、专家咨询和实地调研,以自然资源保护及污染综合防治为核心,深入分析省级层面生态文明管理体制现状,识别当前存在的主要问题,结合国家生态文明体制改革思路和该省实际情况,制订生态文明管理体系及协调机制改革的总体框架,提出重组机构职能配置、优化自然资源管理、理顺污染防治体系、健全有效督政机制、发展绿色化决策等五个针对性的改革建议,为我国省级层面生态文明体制改革提供参考借鉴。 相似文献
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Watershed analysis and watershed management are developing as tools of integrated ecological and economic study. They also assist decision-making at the regional scale. The new technology and thinking offered by the advent of the Internet and the World Wide Web is highly complementary to some of the goals of watershed analysis. Services delivered by the Web are open, interactive, fast, spatially distributed, hierarchical and flexible. The Web offers the ability to display information creatively, to interact with that information and to change and modify it remotely. In this way the Internet provides a much-needed opportunity to deliver scientific findings and information to stakeholders and to link stakeholders together providing for collective decision-making. The benefits fall into two major categories: methodological and educational. Methodologically the approach furthers the watershed management concept, offering an avenue for practical implementation of watershed management principles. For educational purposes the Web is a source of data and insight serving a variety of needs at all levels. We use the Patuxent River case study to illustrate the web-based approach to watershed management. A watershed scale simulation model is built for the Patuxent area and it serves as a core for watershed management design based on web applications. It integrates the knowledge available for the Patuxent area in a comprehensive and systematic format, and provides a conceptual basis for understanding the performance of the watershed as a system. Moreover, the extensive data collection and conceptualisation required within the framework of the modeling effort stimulates close contact with the environmental management community. This is further enhanced by offering access to the modeling results and the data sets over the Web. Additional web applications and links are provided to increase awareness and involvement of stakeholders in the watershed management process. We argue that it is not the amount and quality of information that is crucial for the success of watershed management, but how well the information is disseminated, shared and used by the stakeholders. In this respect the Web offers a wealth of opportunities for the decision-making process, but still to be answered are the questions at what scale and how widely will the Web be accepted as a management tool, and how can watershed management benefit from web applications. 相似文献
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In this article we present a framework for assessing climate change impacts on water and watershed systems to support management
decision-making. The framework addresses three issues complicating assessments of climate change impacts—linkages across spatial
scales, linkages across temporal scales, and linkages across scientific and management disciplines. A major theme underlying
the framework is that, due to current limitations in modeling capabilities, assessing and responding to climate change should
be approached from the perspective of risk assessment and management rather than as a prediction problem. The framework is
based generally on ecological risk assessment and similar approaches. A second theme underlying the framework is the need
for close collaboration among climate scientists, scientists interested in assessing impacts, and resource managers and decision
makers. A case study illustrating an application of the framework is also presented that provides a specific, practical example
of how the framework was used to assess the impacts of climate change on water quality in a mid-Atlantic, U.S., watershed. 相似文献
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Amid growing concern about the conservation of renewable natural resources, the process, extent and symptoms of their degradation are examined with specific reference to the Upper Pokhara Valley. Based on a household survey, field observations, informal deliberations and land use analysis, the results of this study reveal that forests and grazing land have been subject to increasing degradation caused by demographic, socioeconomic and institutional factors. The intensity of degradation varies by watershed. In particular, rainfed pakho land on steep slopes is under the severe threat of accelerating soil erosion, despite the construction of terraces. This calls for the formulation of a comprehensive natural resource conservation strategy which should be based on a framework comprising an integrated population control programme, planned land use changes and institutional reforms . 相似文献
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This paper analyzes livelihood change and livelihood sustainability of households in the upland part of the Lembang subwatershed,
West Sumatra, in response to changes in the natural resource management context during the last decade. Using the sustainable
livelihood framework (SLF), we measured livelihood changes at two separate points in time, 1996 and 2006, and assessed their
environmental, economic, social, and institutional sustainability. We found that people with a low income had less access
to capital assets than people from middle- and high-income groups. Our analysis revealed, however, that access to capital
assets increased over time, and that poor households experienced economic improvement, indicating an overall increase in economic
sustainability. Environmental sustainability, however, is threatened by intensive agricultural practices such as high agrochemical
input and intensive soil tillage on steep slopes, leading to pollution and soil erosion. Social sustainability is also a matter
of concern: while social exclusion has been reduced, income inequity has increased. Institutional sustainability is likely
to remain uncertain, as local institutions for natural resource management are still weak, despite the fact that decentralization
has been implemented during the last 8 years. External facilitation is needed to improve the livelihood of upland people while,
at the same time, enhancing the sustainability of watershed management. Strengthening local institutions, conserving natural
resources, and promoting environmentally sound agricultural practices are the three most important policies to be promoted
within the watershed. 相似文献