共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 406 毫秒
1.
Kariyawasam Thiloka Prenzler Paul D. Howitt Julia A. Doran Gregory S. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(5):2757-2764
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are toxic pollutants which persist in the environment. Extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons requires large volumes of... 相似文献
2.
3.
Tianxiang Xia Lin Jiang Xiaoyang Jia Maosheng Zhong Jing Liang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(3):441-450
Application of Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) and Deterministic Risk Assessment (DRA) at a coking plant site was compared. By DRA, Hazard Quotient (HQ) following exposure to Naphthalene (Nap) and Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) following exposure to Benzo(a)pyrene (Bap) were 1.87 and 2.12 × 104. PRA revealed valuable information regarding the possible distribution of risk, and risk estimates of DRA located at the 99.59th and 99.76th percentiles in the risk outputs of PRA, which indicated that DRA overestimated the risk. Cleanup levels corresponding acceptable HQ level of 1 and ILCR level of 104 were also calculated for both DRA and PRA. Nap and Bap cleanup levels were 192.85 and 0.14mg.kg-1 by DRA, which would result in only 0.25% and 0.06% of the exposed population to have a risk higher than the acceptable risk, according to the outputs of PRA. The application of PRA on cleanup levels derivation would lift the cleanup levels 1.9 times for Nap and 2.4 times for Bap than which derived by DRA. For this coking plant site, the remediation scale and cost will be reduced in a large portion once the method of PRA is used. Sensitivity analysis was done by calculating the contribution to variance for each exposure parameter and it was found that contaminant concentration in the soil (Cs), exposure duration (ED), total hours spent outdoor per day (ETout), soil ingestion rate (IRs), the air breathing rate (IRa) and bodyweight (BW) were the most important parameters for risk and cleanup levels calculations. 相似文献
4.
采用固相萃取-气相色谱质谱联用仪测定京津潮白河中的多环芳烃(PAHs)及其衍生物(SPAHs)的污染水平,并采用絮凝法分析水样中自由态PAHs/SPAHs和结合态PAHs/SPAHs的分布。结果表明,京津潮白河中PAHs和SPAHs总质量浓度分别为55.06~215.02 ng·L~(-1)和92.37~227.33 ng·L~(-1),上游河段PAHs和SPAHs质量浓度均低于下游河段。7种致癌PAHs占比为22%~41%,需引起重视。本研究中的SPAHs包括三类物质:氧化PAHs(OPAHs)、甲基PAHs(MPAHs)和氯代PAHs(Cl PAHs)。其中,OPAHs对SPAHs贡献最大(59%~71%),其次是Cl PAHs(22%~32%)和MPAHs(7%~14%)。京津潮白河中PAHs和SPAHs主要以自由态形式存在,总浓度可以准确估计污染物的环境风险。 相似文献
5.
YuFeng Jiang LeiPing Shi ZhongFeng Mu Hang Sun HuiYing Zhan YingQin Wu 《毒物与环境化学》2017,99(5-6):824-836
Dibenzopyrene and its isomers are considered the most potent carcinogens of all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons tested to date. However, despite public concerns over their deleterious effects, they have not been extensively studied. The occurrence of four highly carcinogenic isomers of dibenzopyrene – dibenzo[def,p]chrysene, dibenzo[a,e]pyrene, dibenzo[a,i]pyrene, and dibenzo[a,h]pyrene in urban soil samples from Shanghai, China, have been determined in this study, as well as that of benzo[a]pyrene and coronene. A total of 14 peaks with ions at m/z 302 were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Although the concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene and the sum of the 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were greater than that of dibenzopyrene and its isomers, the carcinogenic potency of the latter was higher than that of benzo[a]pyrene. The results also indicate that the relative carcinogenic potency of the four dibenzopyrene isomers in the samples is higher than that of the 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 相似文献
6.
7.
Wang Hui Chen Zijian Walker Tony R. Wang Yinggang Luo Qing Wu Hao Wang Xiaoxu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(10):3639-3654
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Characteristics, profile composition, ecological and human health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface dust collected from Shenyang city,... 相似文献
8.
环境中的氧化多环芳烃综述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
氧化多环芳烃(OPAHs)是芳环上具有至少一个羰基氧(C=O)的PAH衍生物,广泛存在于环境中.氧化多环芳烃主要通过含碳燃料的燃烧和PAHs的转化释放到环境中,且其较稳定难降解,因此OPAHs被称为生物和化学降解的"末端产物".目前,在多种动物组织样本中都可检测出OPAHs,并发现OPAHs可能比亲代PAHs具有更强的毒性.本文阐述了OPAHs的理化性质、来源、测定方法、环境分布、转运和转化、(生态)毒理学效应及其毒性作用机制,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,进而为该类化合物的环境污染及生态风险评估提供相应参考. 相似文献
9.
Pilková Zuzana Hiller Edgar Filová Lenka Jurkovič Ľubomír 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(10):3473-3492
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Combustion of fossil fuels is the most important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment. Cities are typical of many human... 相似文献
10.
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Urban street dust samples from 49 sampling sites in Xuzhou (China) were collected and analyzed for 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas... 相似文献
11.
AbstractCooking of foods and the burning of biomass and fossil fuels in stoves are the main sources of cooking fumes, with carbon black and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as main components. The toxicity of carbon black and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has been well studied individually, but the combined toxicity is much less understood. Carbon black can adsorb benzo(a)pyrene to form a complex which displays an altered physical form which in this study has been constructed to simulate particles in the cooking fumes and explore the combined toxic effect on rat alveolar macrophages. The complex-induced cell apoptosis and blocked cell autophagy flux compared with both individually. The mechanism of toxicity may be by intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, impairing the mitochondrial membrane potential and activating apoptosis signaling pathways. 相似文献
12.
Eleni Sazakli George Siavalas Athina Fidaki Kimon Christanis Hrissi K. Karapanagioti Michalis Leotsinidis 《毒物与环境化学》2016,98(7):787-799
Selected persistent organic pollutants – polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides – were determined in sediments, soils, and crops from the Asopos River area, Greece. The river has been receiving industrial effluents for the last 40 years and has been recently found to be polluted with metals. Sediments were collected in the dry (May) and wet (February) season. Agricultural soils and cultivated crops were sampled from adjacent fields. Polychlorinated biphenyls were below the limit of detection in all samples. In one tomato and two soil samples, DDT and DDE were found. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were observed in 5% of the sediments and in concentrations ranging from 4 to 57 μg kg?1 dry weight, quite below sediment quality guidelines. Diagnostic ratios of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons indicated a strong influence of petrogenic point discharges. In the sediments, silicate minerals dominate over carbonates and the organic carbon content ranges from 0.4% to 3.5%, more than 70% being of natural origin. Compared to other rivers worldwide, the Asopos River was found to be not contaminated with persistent organic pollutants. Point loadings of organic pollutants were evident but continuous discharge is not occurring throughout the river basin. 相似文献
13.
概括了环境中可溶性有机物的特点,并系统总结了当前国内外关于可溶性有机物对土壤中主要污染物环境行为的影响的研究进展。阐述了可溶性有机物对农药、多环芳烃在土壤中的吸附、解吸及分配等环境行为所起的作用。最后指出了该方面研究存在的问题及今后应加强的方向。 相似文献
14.
Nicola Tiso Jurgita Mikašauskaitė Mantas Stankevičius Vilija Snieškienė Antanina Stankevičienė Chiara Polcaro 《毒物与环境化学》2016,98(1):77-89
A group of 36 fungal strains, belonging to the Lithuanian mycobiota, was collected and isolated from different locations, habitats, and matrices, including creosote-treated wood in storage yards for crosstie wastes. The eight most perspective strains selected according to preliminary assessment of tolerance to coal tar were subsequently identified combining taxonomical evaluation and molecular techniques. The tolerance of the eight identified fungal species (five basidiomycetes and three ascomycetes) to the presence of various concentrations of coal tar, and for the four most perspective fungal strains (Pleurotus sp., Schizophyllum sp., Irpex lacteus, Bjerkandera adusta) to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was evaluated. The ligninolytic enzymatic activity assay of the isolated strains resulted in a good correspondence between the tolerance to pollutants and the capability to produce ligninolytic enzymes indicating that this group of white-rot fungi is perspective for further investigation and eventual usage for mycoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons polluted substrates. 相似文献
15.
柳州市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC/MS)检测了柳州市大气颗粒物样品中的PAHs,比较了柳州市各区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃含量的差异以及不同季节对多环芳烃含量的影响,讨论了其分布规律及污染源。 相似文献
16.
采用高效液相色谱技术(HPLC)对徐州市大气颗粒物中优控的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行定量研究。结果表明:萘、芴、苊等低分子量芳烃的含量相对较低;苯并(g,h,i)苝、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘等高分子量芳烃的含量相对较高;含量最高的单体为荧蒽,占待检的16种PAHs的19%以上。不同环数多环芳烃含量大小顺序为:4环〉5环〉6环〉3环〉2环。可吸入颗粒物(PM10)中苯并(a)芘和∑PAHs在不同功能区的分布特征大体上一致,并呈现一定规律性:交通干线区〉工业区〉风景文化区〉居民区〉新城区。由此可以初步认为徐州市区PM10中的PAHs主要来源于燃煤和汽车尾气。 相似文献
17.
18.
Patricia Belinda Crosby Forbes Andreas Tr��e Egmont R. Rohwer 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(1):7-12
Rapid methods are needed to analyse air pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Reliable semi-quantitative
gas standards were required for the development of a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
analysis, based on sampling of air onto multi-channel polydimethylsiloxane rubber traps. Easily constructed diffusion tubes
provided naphthalene vapour at ~2 ng s−1. A gas chromatographic fraction collection method for loading less volatile PAHs onto the traps from a flame ionization detector
outlet was developed and optimized. The accuracy of the method, which can be further optimized, was sufficient for initial
LIF screening tests to flag samples exceeding threshold PAH levels for subsequent quantitative GC–MS analysis. 相似文献
19.
多环芳烃的分子表面积与双区理论 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文提出了一种利用基团贡献法原理计算分子表面积(TSA)的新方法,应用该方法计算了多环芳烃(PAHs)的TSA,并以双区理论为基础,研究PAHs的分子表面积与致癌活性的关系,将TSA参数引入双区理论方程,通过本文提出的理论方程对PAHs的致癌活性进行了计算,所得结果与实验值吻合得很好,对双区理论进行了分子表面积的补充。 相似文献