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1.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Heavy metals are occurring in the aquatic environment as the result of natural or anthropogenic inputs, and depending on concentration, availability and resilience...  相似文献   

2.
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The Caucasian mineral water (CMW) region is a unique area where mineral waters differ by their chemical composition and balneological properties. The...  相似文献   

3.
Peng  Hao  Guo  Jing  Li  Bing  Huang  Huisheng 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(2):1249-1263
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Vanadium chemicals, known as the “vitamins of the modern industry,” are major resources widely used in the petroleum, steel, batteries and catalyst...  相似文献   

4.
U. Oren  Y. Benayahu 《Marine Biology》1997,127(3):499-505
 Coral reefs in the northern Gulf of Eilat are exposed to continuous man-made disturbances, resulting in decreased coral coverage and reduced recruitment at the Nature Reserve of Eilat. The construction of artificial reefs on sandy bottoms is a possible option to decrease diving pressure on natural reefs. In the present study we tested this hypothesis by submerging an experimental artificial reef anchored to the bottom at 18 m depth and floated vertically 3 m below water surface. The reef was composed of PVC plates, attached both vertically and horizontally along a wire. Propagules of two coral species, the stony coral Stylophora pistillata and the soft coral Dendronephthya hemprichi, were transplanted to this artificial reef. Planulae of S. pistillata were obtained during the breeding season, seeded in petri dishes in the laboratory and after 2 wk the dishes were transferred to the experimental artificial reef. Automized fragments of D. hemprichi which had previously settled on 10 × 10 cm PVC plates were transplanted onto the experimental artificial reef. The survivorship of the transplanted D. hemprichi colonies was significantly higher on the lower sides of shallower plates. Survivorship of S. pistillata colonies increased with depth when located on the vertical plates, or on the upper sides of the horizontal plates. The highest survivorship of this coral was on the vertical plates and on the upper sides of the horizontal plates, while very low survivorship was recorded on the lower sides. The results indicate that vertical artificial surfaces offer the optimal biotic and abiotic conditions for the survival of the two examined corals. The vertical plates are characterized by low sed imentation rates, low coverage of turf-algae, minimal grazing by sea urchins and absence of the competitor tunicate Didemnum sp. In addition, the vertical orientation of the experimental plates reduces shading and offers the required light intensity for zooxanthellate corals such as S. pistillata. Only a few studies to date have tried to implement artificial reefs in a coral reef environment. The results of the present study indicate the potential of enhancing recruitment of corals by transplantation of juvenile recruits onto appropriate artificial structures. Maximal survivorship of these recruits is dependent upon the structural features of the artificial reef, which should offer optimal conditions. Received: 25 May 1996 / Accepted: 15 July 1996  相似文献   

5.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - About one billion tons of food is wasted annually due to microbial contamination and oxidative deterioration. Actually, this issue is solved by hazardous and...  相似文献   

6.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The rising pollution of water resources is threatening the health of humans and ecosystems, calling for advanced methods to clean polluted waters. Adsorption on...  相似文献   

7.
Chen  Lin  Huang  Lepeng  Hua  Jianmin  Chen  Zhonghao  Wei  Lilong  Osman  Ahmed I.  Fawzy  Samer  Rooney  David W.  Dong  Liang  Yap  Pow-Seng 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(3):1627-1657
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The construction industry is a major user of non-renewable energy and contributor to emission of greenhouse gases, thus requiring to achieve net-zero carbon...  相似文献   

8.
Wen  Yinghao  Yuan  Jieming  Ma  Xingmao  Wang  Shiren  Liu  Yuchen 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(4):1539-1551
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Water scarcity is a pressing global challenge. Filtration with actual polymeric membranes shows good capability for pollutant separation, but broad applications of...  相似文献   

9.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The worldwide demand for clean water is rising worldwide, yet wastewater decontamination is actually limited by the presence of refractory organic and inorganic...  相似文献   

10.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Climate change is a major threat already causing system damage to urban and natural systems, and inducing global economic losses of over $500 billion. These issues...  相似文献   

11.
Vanadium (V) is widely used industrially, and plays an important role in the biosphere. Sensitive and reliable analytical methods to determine V in various kinds of samples are of extensive interest. Mainly two spectrophotometric methods developed in the last decade are discussed, namely complex formation methods and catalytic methods. The former is based on either oxidation or reduction of V leading to coloured complexes with proper reagents; they are applicable to determination of V at the mg L?1 level. Catalytic methods are based on the ability of V to catalyse the oxidation of various organic dyes and are applicable to determination at the μg L?1 level. Both methods are used for determination of V in environmental and biological samples.  相似文献   

12.
Yao  Yuanyuan  Pan  Yuqi  Yu  Yanxi  Yu  Zixun  Lai  Leo  Liu  Fangzhou  Wei  Li  Chen  Yuan 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(6):3837-3859
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Fenton processes allow to degrade and mineralize toxic organic contaminants, yet classical Fenton processes require continuously adding hydrogen peroxide and...  相似文献   

13.
14.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - With the increasing focus on renewable materials and sustainability issues, the development of non-conventional materials from natural resources and possessing...  相似文献   

15.
Phosphates for Pb immobilization in soils: a review   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
In its soluble ionic forms, lead (Pb) is a toxic element occurring in waters and soils mainly as the result of human activities. The bioavailability of lead ions can be decreased by complexation with various materials in order to decrease their toxicity. Pb chemical immobilization using phosphate addition is a widely accepted technique to immobilize Pb from aqueous solution and contaminated soils. The application of different P amendments cause Pb in soils to shift from forms with high availability to the most strongly bound Pb fractions. The increase of Pb in the residual or insoluble fraction results from formation of pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3X where X = F, Cl, Br, OH, the most stable environmental Pb compounds under a wide range of pH and Eh natural conditions. Accidental pyromorphite ingestion does not yield bioavailable lead, because pyromorphite is insoluble in the intestinal tract. Numerous natural and synthetic phosphates materials have been used to immobilize Pb: apatite and hydroxyapatite, biological apatite, rock phosphate, soluble phosphate fertilizers such as monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, biosolids rich in P, phosphatic clay and mixtures. The identification of pyromorphite in phosphate amended soils has been carried out by different non destructive techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray absorption fine structure, transmission electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. The effectiveness of in situ Pb immobilization has also been evaluated by selective sequential extraction, by the toxicity leaching procedure and by a physiologically based extraction procedure simulating metal ingestion and gastrointestinal bioavailability to humans. Efficient Pb immobilization using P amendments requires increasing the solubility of the phosphate phase and of the Pb species phase by inducing acid conditions. Although phosphorus addition seems to be highly effective, excess P in soil and its potential effect on eutrophication of surface water, and the possibility of As enhanced leaching remains a concern. The use of mixed treatments may be a useful strategy to improve their effectiveness in reducing lead phyto- and bioavailability.  相似文献   

16.
生态系统服务研究的问题与展望   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李惠梅  张安录 《生态环境》2011,(10):1562-1568
生态系统服务的研究是当前资源经济学和生态经济学的研究热点之一。通过分析生态系统服务的概念辨析,认为从生态系统功能的定义过渡到生态系统服务定义的过程中,在关注生态系统整体性的同时忽略了生态系统要素之间的相互作用,导致生态系统服务的评估中可能存在着重复估值或者估值不全面等风险。针对目前的很多生态系统的评估对生态系统的耗损贬值和环境退化所造成的负效益的忽略,以及对人类活动的干扰和气候变化等对生态系统服务产生影响研究不足,提出在今后的研究中应该在深入理解生态系统的复杂生态学机制的基础上,结合数学模型模拟在不确定性下的各种风险损失,加强对生态系统服务的时空动态分析,重视在气候变化、经济发展、环境污染、城市化以及人类活动的过度放牧和过度开垦引起的水土流失、环境退化、荒漠化等土地利用变化的干扰时生态系统服务的变化和反馈,更进一步分析和预测生态系统服务的损益和响应研究;通过长期的试验监测揭示生物多样性和生态系统的关系,测度出土地利用和环境变化对生物多样性的影响和边际效益,及其对生态系统服务的影响的弹性值,实现生态系统服务的精确估值;关注生态系统服务对人类福利的影响,尤其重视贫困地区和生态脆弱区的生态系统服务对减小贫困的研究,建立科学的生态补偿机制,实现可持续发展。  相似文献   

17.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Worldwide contamination of waters by metals, metalloids, and organometallic pollutants is a major health issue. In particular, the occurrence of the selenium...  相似文献   

18.
Soil management for sustainable crop disease control: a review   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Excessive use of agrochemicals in conventional crop management has caused serious environmental and health problems including loss of biodiversity and human disorders. A number of chemical biocides have shown complex chronic effects such as change in endocrine functions and immune systems. Application of different chemical biocides to the soil and plants have increased substantially over the last five decades. Total consumption of chemical fertilizers worldwide increased tenfold from 1950 to 2000. This is also true for chemical biocides with its annual current use of 3 billion l and a value of 30 billion dollars. There are ample evidences indicating that plants which grow in rich soil associated with N-P-K availability are prone to pests and diseases. Managing and exploiting soil environmental conditions as part of an integrated control strategy can make a significant contribution to agricultural sustainability and environmental quality. Application of organic matter and practises which increase the total microbial activity in the soil might enhance general suppression of pathogens by increasing competition for nutrients. Choice of crops in rotation with plants less susceptible to specific pathogens causes a decline in population due to natural mortality and the antagonistic activities of co-existent root zone microorganisms. Plants growing in disease-suppressive soil resist diseases much better than in soils with low biological diversity. Understanding the effect of soil environmental factors on plant disease incidence and the best crop management strategies to prevent, avoid, escape and control diseases were the aims of this literature review. This article comprises the main topics on soil fertility associated with N-P-K and other macro- and micro nutrients, and also soil pH, structure and texture, organic matter and microbial reserves, describes the use of various crop management practises which reduce the incidence of plant diseases.  相似文献   

19.
外来有害生物风险评估技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
概述了有害生物风险分析的概念、必要性、生物学基础和一般程序 ;论述了生态气候图、农业气候相似距库、生态气候评价的分析模型、地理信息系统、专家系统、基于定性分析与定量估算相结合的数学模型等有害生物风险分析技术的原理和特点 ;认为应用网络技术 ,建立基于分布式计算的全球入侵物种风险评价数据体系 ,可有效提高风险评价的速度和准确性。  相似文献   

20.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Fossil fuel depletion and carbon dioxide emissions are calling for carbon neutral energies such as algal biofuels, yet actual production of agal biofuels is...  相似文献   

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