世界上最大的超高压人工环境试验室

日本正在建造据称是世界上最大的超高压人工环境试验室.这座最大的人工环境试验室是日本绝缘于公司建造的,以便在各种模拟的气象和污秽条件下进行100万伏电压等级绝缘子和套管试验.该试验室设备的造价为6亿日元.设备中的人工雾室(宽25米、长30米、高30米)可以模拟最恶劣的气象条件,室中装有一台低阻抗试验变压器,其最高电压为100     

专题报告

<正>原北航可靠性工程研究所副总师、苏试首席科学家王德言教授《环境与可靠性试验方法研究》以环境和可靠性试验方法发展为主线,追溯国内环境适应性研究发端,对目前试验室环境试验方法加以总结,介绍了包括环境事件模拟、效应模拟、可靠性故障激发等在内的实验方法,以及不同类型之间的层级演进和特点。并指出现有环境试验方法的理论在应     

乌鲁木齐空气微生物含量的测定

用自然平皿沉降法对乌鲁木齐市13个室内外空气测点作了微生物含量的测定,结果表明平均室外空气的细菌、真菌、总菌含量及F/T%分别为28583 8、780 5、29364 3CFU·m-3及2 7,证实了该市空气处于中度微生物污染状态。少量测点显示其空气已受到严重污染,空气质量不佳。室内空气微生物污染也重。空气微生物污染以细菌为主。分析了室外空气微生物含量的时空分布特点差异,探讨了其成因,并与其他城市作了比较。文章指出增强环境忧患意识,采用切实而有效措施,减少环境污染的必要性。     

冲击响应谱规范试验室模拟述评

冲击响应谱试验已是航天产品必做的力学环境试验,本文介绍了目前试验室普遍使用的冲击响应谱模拟的手段,阐述了用电动振动台模拟和用机械式试验机模拟的差异,并对存在的差异进行了讨论。     

电子计算机在环境试验方面所起的革新作用

环境试验室是电子计算机的用户 综观环境试验室目前广泛应用电子计算机的程度,就会使人们相信:若没有各种电子计算机,则环境试验室势必也会将它们发明出来。电子计算机所拥有的登记、写出报告、大量数据的求得、存取与查询,以要求的速率可靠而又能重复地对过程进行控制以及执行工程计算等功能,均在各种环境试验室中不同程度地获得应用。     

中国直升机气动及旋翼噪声试验室竣工

中航工业直升机研究所重要科研设施——气动及旋翼噪声试验室目前已竣工,即将验收。近日有关专家通过了对该试验室验收试验大纲的评审,该试验室将为今后开展直升机空气动力学试验研究、低噪声优化设计、噪声抑制技术研究及课题试验提供优良设施保障和能力支撑,对我国直升机技术水平提升和未来发展具有重大意义。     

单循环系统交变湿热试验室在降温阶段中保持高湿的研究与分析

单循环交变湿热试验室的主要技术关键是降温阶段如何保持高湿(95％～100％)。本文通过对空气再处理的流程顺序、加湿量、蒸发器表面温度等进行研究探讨,论证单循环交变湿热试验室的可行性。     

汽车用环境试验装置

近年来,日本汽车工业发展神速,各种车辆出口到世界各地。为使汽车能在各种环境条件下安全可靠地行驶,必须对汽车进行严酷的环境试验。本文介绍日本明电舍公司所设计的汽车环境试验系统。 汽车环境试验装置包括以下几类: 气候类:高温、低温、全天候及减压环境试验装置 声学类:全消音及半消音试验室 电磁波类:电波暗室及电波屏蔽室 其他类:如模拟日光照射的阳光模拟装置     

多种空气净化器对室内颗粒物净化效果研究

利用环境试验舱模拟稳定的环境条件,以香烟烟雾为颗粒物目标污染物,对选取的16种空气净化器进行测试,计算空气净化器对颗粒物的洁净空气量和净化能效。结果表明采用HEPA集成活性碳纤维的空气净化器的CADR(洁净空气量)平均值明显高于采用活性炭+HEPA和采用静电除尘的空气净化器洁净空气量的平均值。采用静电除尘的空气净化器的颗粒物能效明显高于采用HEPA集成活性碳纤维和活性炭+HEPA的空气净化器。当CADR数值接近时,采用HEPA集成活性碳纤维的空气净化器的颗粒物净化能效高于采用活性炭+HEPA的空气净化器。     

创造家庭负氧离子环境

创造家庭负氧离子环境在我们的日常生活中，大家都会有这样一种感觉，即长时间的室内工作或学习之后，到室外特别是海滨、湖畔，丛林或野外去走一走，顿感空气新鲜，必旷神怡，这是为什么？其原因之一，便是那里的空气中含有较多的负氧离子，是人们多吸了富含负氧离子空气...     

Managing the cooling capacity of the upper rhine: A case study

In most industrialized countries, environmental standards exist which prescribe the maximum allowable man-made increase in water temperature of a river. Together with flowrate and weather conditions, these standards determine the rate at which waste heat may be discharged into a river at any moment. Power generating stations with variable cooling systems can adjust their heat discharge into the river in compliance with environmental standards and by doing so exert an influence on power generation capacity. In this paper, a scheme is developed that allows a chain of power stations discharging into the same river to operate their cooling systems such that the output of total electricity is maximized and water temperature standards are accomodated. The optimum balance between stations is determined through dynamic programming. From the results of a simulation model using historical data, simple decision rules for day-to-day operation are abstracted. These rules are based solely on the river flow rates at each power station.     

制定室内模拟运输试验条件的一种方法

介绍了制定室内模拟运输试验条件的一种技术方法。以运输距离、运输速度及路面等级给出的运输环境条件可以采用空间频率功率谱密度（PSD）描述,进而获得以时间频率PSD描述的室内模拟运输试验条件。文中还分析了确定的路面等级的空间频率PSD的波动以及运输速度对于室内模拟运输试验条件量级的影响,结果表明：相同的运输环境条件,其室内模拟运输试验条件振动量级可以具有的波动范围;相同的路面等级,运输速度与试验条件振动量级成正比。工程应用中可以针对不同产品的设计要求来剪裁使用。     

Operational Evapotranspiration Mapping Using Remote Sensing and Weather Datasets: A New Parameterization for the SSEB Approach

The increasing availability of multi‐scale remotely sensed data and global weather datasets is allowing the estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) at multiple scales. We present a simple but robust method that uses remotely sensed thermal data and model‐assimilated weather fields to produce ET for the contiguous United States (CONUS) at monthly and seasonal time scales. The method is based on the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model, which is now parameterized for operational applications, renamed as SSEBop. The innovative aspect of the SSEBop is that it uses predefined boundary conditions that are unique to each pixel for the “hot” and “cold” reference conditions. The SSEBop model was used for computing ET for 12 years (2000‐2011) using the MODIS and Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data streams. SSEBop ET results compared reasonably well with monthly eddy covariance ET data explaining 64% of the observed variability across diverse ecosystems in the CONUS during 2005. Twelve annual ET anomalies (2000‐2011) depicted the spatial extent and severity of the commonly known drought years in the CONUS. More research is required to improve the representation of the predefined boundary conditions in complex terrain at small spatial scales. SSEBop model was found to be a promising approach to conduct water use studies in the CONUS, with a similar opportunity in other parts of the world. The approach can also be applied with other thermal sensors such as Landsat.     

非金属材料的氙灯曝露试验概述

氙灯曝露试验是非金属材料的耐候性和耐光性测试的主要方法之一,本文着重介绍了氙灯曝露试验的原理、试验条件在当前的氙灯曝露试验设备上的物理实现、主要的氙灯试验标准以及氙灯曝露试验应考虑的因素.     

夜间自然通风降低办公室空调制冷能耗

夜间自然通风已经成功运用于许多被动制冷或低能耗写字楼中。介绍了夜间自然通风在写字楼中的适用性。在适当的温度条件下,建立热量计通风模型,以此来检验节能以及内部舒适度改善情况。研究发现,自然通风模式能够减少传统空调写字间的制冷能耗。采用"应用最佳"的原则,如提高气密性、内部发热及日晒生热的最小化等改善建筑结构能有效提高自然通风的节能性。     

自然通风热老化试验箱换气量不确定度评定

自然通风热老化试验箱(以下简称老化试验箱)主要用于电线电缆的热老化性能测试试验。而需要对箱体性能进行评估的多为老化试验箱的生产厂、电线电缆生产厂的产品检验实验室和开展相关项目的检测机构等公司和部门。温度参数和换气量参数是老化试验箱计量的主要项目,其测量结果的准确程度将直接影响对箱体性能的评估,分析并计算出了换气量测量结果扩展不确定度,对换气量参数的测量结果的可信赖程度具有参考意义。     

The Occurrence of Unfavorable Thermal Conditions on Human Health in Central Europe and Potential Climate Change Impacts: An Example from Cracow,Poland

Progressive global warming exerts strong influence on the lives and on the health of urban residents, many of who are weather sensitive people (meteoropaths). In the temperate zone, air temperature changes largely determine the seasonal oscillation of morbidity and mortality frequency. The present study analyzes the influence of air temperature on living conditions in central European urban areas, particularly Cracow (Poland), and examines this influence against the background of climate change. During the warmer months, there is a noticeable increase in the unfavorable occurrence of especially strong thermal stimuli (e.g., hot days) which can lead to overheating of the human organism. On the other hand, the increasing frequency of mild winters contributes to the appearance of weak and moderate thermal stimuli, which in the case of the former, is a negative phenomenon. Weak thermal stimuli are liable to make the human body oversensitive and, thus lose the ability to adapt if stronger thermal stimuli were to occur. Residents of large urban areas should be prepared for the possibility of dynamic weather changes and should take thermal variability into consideration with regards to spatial urban planning and socioeconomic activities.     

低温作业对人体的危害及防寒工作服的性能评价

防寒工作服是冬季保护石油行业室外作业人员的重要措施。文章阐述了低温环境对石油行业室外作业人员身体健康的影响,列举了防寒工作服生产和检测的重要性能参数和测定方法,概括了国内外对于防寒工作服生产和检测的相关标准,展望了防寒工作服研发应用空间和发展方向,对防寒工作服的研究和配备有一定的参考价值。     

Performance of a large-scale greenhouse solar dryer integrated with phase change material thermal storage system for drying of chili

ABSTRACT

Large-scale greenhouse solar dryers have been used for drying various products and this type of dryer is usually equipped with LPG burner as auxiliary heater, which creates more operating cost. To overcome this problem, phase change material (PCM) thermal storage was proposed to substitute for the LPG burner. In this work, the performance of a large-scale greenhouse solar dryer integrated with a PCM as a latent heat storage for drying of chili was investigated. Experimental studies were conducted to compare the performance of this dryer with that of another large-scale greenhouse solar dryer without the PCM thermal storage and open sun drying. Chili with an initial moisture content of 74.7% (w.b.) was dried to a final moisture content of 10.0% (w.b.) in 2.5 days, 3.5 days, and 11 days using the solar dryer integrated with the PCM thermal storage, the solar dryer without the PCM thermal storage and the open sun drying, respectively. The performance of the solar dryer integrated with the PCM thermal storage was also evaluated using exergy analysis. The exergy efficiency of the drying room of the solar dryer integrated with the PCM thermal storage and the solar dryer without the PCM thermal storage for drying of chili was found to be 13.1% and 11.4%, respectively and the thermal storage helps to dry chili during adverse weather conditions. The results of exergy analysis implied that the exergy losses from the dryer with the PCM should be reduced.