某粉煤灰堆放场对周围岩溶地下水的影响分析

结合粉煤灰堆放场的水文地质状况,通过稳定同位素示踪、浸溶和淋溶试验,探讨了灰场对周围岩溶地下水的影响。结果表明,堆场灰水已经达到下游部分水井,堆场在大气降水和冲灰水的浸泡、淋溶作用下,其中的Cr6+、F-和钙镁盐类大量析出并随灰水一起下渗,石灰岩碎石虽对氟化物有一定的吸附作用,但能力有限。根据试验数据分析认为,该粉煤灰堆放场是焦作市北中部岩溶地下水Cr6+、F-和总硬度升高的主要原因。     

岩溶地区地下水环境监测难点及解决思路

基于岩溶地区地下水分布特征,结合岩溶地区地下水监测现状,分析了岩溶地区地下水环境质量监测工作中所面临的问题和困难。提出了关于岩溶地区地下水监测的思考和建议,为岩溶地区地下水环境监测提供技术指导。     

高尔夫球场地下水水质分析与污染评价

以威海市锦湖韩亚高尔夫球场为对象,对其地下水水样进行检测,并根据检测结果,对地下水水质进行分析评价。结果表明,地下水中氯化物、高锰酸盐指数、亚硝酸盐、氨氮等指标存在检出超标情况,特征污染因子未检出,说明按照正常剂量施用农药和化肥对于高尔夫球场及周边地下水污染较小。     

火力发电厂的排灰场对土壤及浅层地下水的影响研究

火力发电厂排灰场的粉煤灰对排灰场周围的土壤和浅层地下水的影响主要取决于当地土壤的类型及污染物的种类和性质。模拟试验表明，土壤对砷、六价铬、氟的吸附能力小于汞和铅。     

南通长江口北支咸潮上溯对水环境的影响

针对长江口北支近20多年来咸潮超常上溯的状况,通过现场调查监测及与文献资料对比,分析了咸潮上溯对水源地供水水质、河口区河道水质和地下水水质的影响。结果表明,长江口北支咸潮上溯对北支水环境影响主要在于入侵时水体中电导率和氯化物浓度急剧升高,一定程度上影响了北支沿线水源地的供水功能。咸潮对现有水质评价体系下的水质类别影响尚不明显,但高氯离子对化学需氧量的测定有明显的干扰。由于受堤围和水闸控制,咸潮期间入江闸门普遍关闭,导致间接水环境影响,主要集中在入海主河道。部分区域咸潮上溯严重时氯化物浓度升高,水质已不能满足农田灌溉需求。北支沿线启东市24%的地下水采样点氯化物浓度已属轻度入侵水,采样区域已属于海水轻度入侵范围。     

晴隆锑矿和煤矿矿集区岩溶地下水环境质量评估

锑是环境中广泛分布、具有慢性毒性和潜在致癌性的典型毒害重金属,是一种新兴的全球性环境污染物。过去对锑的地球化学行为研究较多,但对岩溶地下水的环境质量影响的研究较少。选择锑矿和煤矿分布广泛的贵州晴隆县境内龙摆尾地下河为研究对象,对研究区的地表水和地下水的水化学特征和污染特征进行研究,以《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)和《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中的Ⅲ类标准值为评价标准对该地区水质予以评价。结果表明:在锑矿未开采情况下,第四系碧痕营组地下水中锑的浓度较高,平均值为1.55μg/L,最高为6.32μg/L;锑、砷的迁移受氧化还原条件的控制;岩溶地下水整体来说水质符合生活饮用水标准,但碧痕营组水中锑、锰超标,龙潭组中节理裂隙水存在pH、锰超标情况;而煤矿开采污染的地表水中锰、铁的污染具有普遍性,含量均超过地表水环境质量标准的限值,且超标倍数较大。因此,该研究区岩溶地下水可直接作为饮用水源,而碧痕营组和龙潭组中地下水须做处理后才可饮用。     

阿图什城市地下水饮用水源地水质状况评价

由于水质评价中存在的不确定性和模糊性,本文采用模糊数学综合评价法对新疆阿图什市水源地地下水中总硬度、溶解性总固体、高锰酸盐指数、氯化物、氟化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、氨氮8个水质指标的监测结果进行了数据处理,对地下水的水质进行综合评价。结果表明,6个取水井和市水厂的水质符合地下水质量标准Ⅱ级及以上水质标准。该方法反映出水环境系统的模糊性,评价的结果更具有说服性。     

徐州市生活垃圾填埋场地下水典型金属污染物研究

在对徐州地区生活垃圾填埋场调查分析的基础上,根据填埋特征和地质状况选取4座典型填埋场为调查对象,采用ICP-MS对垃圾渗滤液及地下水中26种重金属进行监测分析。结果表明,在4个垃圾填埋场地下水及渗滤液中ρ(Sr)均相对较高(700μg/L);地下水中金属元素均正在以Ca,Mg为主向Na,Mg为主转化;地下水中Al,B质量浓度大小顺序为Y场(雁群)S场(睢宁)C场(翠屏山)P场(邳州);4个垃圾填埋场共同典型重金属污染物为Mn,Fe,Zn,Ba;除上述污染物外,Y场地下水潜在典型重金属污染物为Pb和Mo;S场为Mo和As;C场为Tl和Co;P场为As。     

焦作市某水厂源水中Cr(Ⅵ)来源分析

从焦作市某水厂源水中Cr(Ⅵ)持续上升的实际问题出发,通过区域污染源和野外地质调查、实验室研究等方法追踪Cr(Ⅵ)的污染来源。分析认为,土壤、工矿废水和煤矸山不是该水厂源水中Cr(Ⅵ)的污染源;王掌河粉煤灰堆放场是其污染源,流经王掌河灰厂的河流加快了Cr(Ⅵ)离子迁移速度;岩溶裂隙及北东-南西向的次级张性断层等为Cr(Ⅵ)离子的运移提供了通道。     

地下岩溶水环境质量评价模型研究

该文利用模糊数学和灰色理论的相关知识,根据地下岩溶水系统水化学动态特征和污染机理以及水文地质条件自身特点建立了地下岩溶水环境质量评价数学模型;并验证此模型,对西龙河峄山断层带水源地的地下岩溶水环境质量进行了综合评价。评价结果表明:该岩溶水系统大部分地区地下水的环境质量状况较好,局部地段较差,且地下水环境质量的分布特征与区域水文地质条件及水源地补给排泄关系具有较好的相关性。此结论与运用加权均值型指数评价法得到的结论相同,这说明此模型的建立是合理的,评价结果是完全可靠的。     

Source Apportionment Of Groundwater Pollution Around Landfill Site In Nagpur, India

The present work attempts statistical analysis of groundwater quality near a Landfill site in Nagpur, India. The objective of the present work is to figure out the impact of different factors on the quality of groundwater in the study area. Statistical analysis of the data has been attempted by applying Factor Analysis concept. The analysis brings out the effect of five different factors governing the groundwater quality in the study area. Based on the contribution of the different parameters present in the extracted factors, the latter are linked to the geological setting, the leaching from the host rock, leachate of heavy metals from the landfill as well as the bacterial contamination from landfill site and other anthropogenic activities. The analysis brings out the vulnerability of the unconfined aquifer to contamination.     

Uptake of arsenic by alkaline soils near alkaline coal fly ash disposal facilities

The attenuation of arsenic in groundwater near alkaline coal fly ash disposal facilities was evaluated by determining the uptake of arsenic from ash leachates by surrounding alkaline soils. Ten different alkaline soils near a retired coal fly ash impoundment were used in this study with pH ranging from 7.6 to 9.0, while representative coal fly ash samples from two different locations in the coal fly ash impoundment were used to produce two alkaline ash leachates with pH 7.4 and 8.2. The arsenic found in the ash leachates was present as arsenate [As(V)]. Adsorption isotherm experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption parameters required for predicting the uptake of arsenic from the ash leachates. For all soils and leachates, the adsorption of arsenic followed the Langmuir and Freundlich equations, indicative of the favorable adsorption of arsenic from leachates onto all soils. The uptake of arsenic was evaluated as a function of ash leachate characteristics and the soil components. The uptake of arsenic from alkaline ash leachates, which occurred mainly as calcium hydrogen arsenate, increased with increasing clay fraction of soil and with increasing soil organic matter of the alkaline soils. Appreciable uptake of arsenic from alkaline ash leachates with different pH and arsenic concentration was observed for the alkaline soils, thus attenuating the contamination of groundwater downstream of the retired coal fly ash impoundment.     

塔里木沙漠公路防护林生态工程对地下水位的影响分析

为了解塔里木沙漠公路防护林生态工程对地下水位的影响,在该工程第69#灌溉水源井处设置观测场,通过多个观测井的非稳定流抽水试验,观测井中地下水位的变化情况,确定了研究区域的含水层渗透系数K=13.317m/d、抽水影响半径R=332.04 m。分析了地下水位降落"漏斗"和水位下降、上升随时间和空间的变化规律:在2个抽水应力期内,水位急速下降和上升过程均可在抽水试验开始后的11 min内完成,随着时间的累积,变化趋势逐渐缓慢;抽水结束后,水位可恢复到初始水平。因此,研究认为塔里木沙漠公路防护林生态工程灌溉期抽水不会引起天然地下水位的持续下降,这将为沙漠公路沿线地下水资源的可持续利用和防护林生态工程整体的稳定性及长久运行提供一定的理论依据。     

The Impact of Scrubber Sludge on Ground Water Quality at an Abandoned Mine Site

A sulfate-rich flue gas desulfurization scrubber sludge was used as a substitute backfill material in reclamation of an abandoned coal strip mine. The site was surrounded by monitor wells and the material was characterized for leaching behavior using open column experiments. A drain was placed directly beneath the 45 000 ton fill to enable sampling before dilution or attenuation. The column studies indicated that the scrubber sludge would adsorb manganese, iron, aluminium, cobalt, nickel, thallium and zinc contaminants from the water. Changes in pH appear inadequate to explain the removal by precipitation. The groundwater cleaning phenomenon has been confirmed on a field scale by the drain samples. Boron and molybdenum leach from the fly ash was used to fix the scrubber sludge and serve as marker elements enabling calibration of the dispersivity in computer models of the groundwater system at the site. The leachate front appears to be diluted by a factor of 8 : 1 within the first 15 meters. Since boron and molybdenum release are associated only with the first flush, environmental impacts will be minimal. Columns appear to create a time compression effect on the duration of leaching phenomenon. The effect for this site appears to be at least 5 : 1. The columns were effective in predicting which elements would leach or adsorb in the field and in predicting the actual source concentrations. Other shake tests such as the TCLP and the ASTM shake test were found to be less effective at predicting which elements would leach and were not helpful in predicting field concentrations.     

Characterization and pollution potential assessment of Tunceli, Turkey municipal solid waste open dumping site leachates

Environmental monitoring of leachate quality from an open municipal solid waste dumping site in Tunceli, Turkey was studied in this research. The most commonly examined pollution parameters were determined on a seasonal basis. The annual average 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values of station points were measured as 70 and 425 mg/L, respectively, and also the average BOD₅/COD ratio (a measure of biodegradability) was calculated as 0.20. The low ratio of biodegradability and slightly alkaline pH values in the leachate samples indicated that the site was characterized by methanogenic conditions. The mean ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N) and corresponding phosphate (orthophosphate) values were assayed as 70 and 11 mg/L, respectively. The average solids content in the leachates was measured as 4,681 mg/L (total solids) and 144 mg/L (suspended solids). Very low concentrations of iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in the leachate samples were found and the concentration of cadmium was measured below detection limits. Excessive amount of nutrients and high organic and inorganic pollutant content in the leachates pose serious pollution potential to the environment. Since no drainage system or bio treatment exists in this open dumping site, high permeability of natural soil at the site and in the surrounding area and very fractured and crackled rocks under natural soil are indicators of high groundwater pollution potential in this site.     

Assessment of groundwater quality near the landfill site using the modified water quality index

The purpose of this paper is to assess the groundwater quality near a landfill site using the modified water quality index. A total of 128 groundwater samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Hg. The analytical results have showed a decreasing trend in concentration for TOC, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Cu and an increasing one for pH, EC, and PAH. The modified water quality index, which was called landfill water pollution index (LWPI), was calculated to quantify the overall water quality near the landfill site. The analysis reveals that groundwater in piezometers close to the landfill is under a strong landfill impact. The LWPI in piezometers ranged from 0.52 to 98.25 with a mean value of 7.99. The LWPI in groundwater from the nearest house wells varied from 0.59 to 0.92. A LWPI value below 1 proves that analyzed water is not affected by the landfill. Results have shown that LWPI is an efficient method for assessing and communicating the information on the groundwater quality near the landfill.     

电阻率CPTU的环境污染场地评价研究现状

简述了当前静力触探的现状与发展。介绍了国际最新研制的RCPTU(电阻率孔压静力触探)探头和多功能静力触探技术在污染场地评价、地下水污染和垃圾填埋场地下水位高度评估等环境领域的应用及工程实例。指出了多功能静力触探测试技术研究中存在的问题,展望了其应用前景。     

Indexing method for assessment of pollution potential of leachate from non-engineered landfill sites and its effect on ground water quality

Dumping of solid waste in a non-engineered landfill site often leads to contamination of ground water due to leachate percolation into ground water. The present paper assesses the pollution potential of leachate generated from three non-engineered landfill sites located in the Tricity region (one each in cities of Chandigarh, Mohali and Panchkula) of Northern India and its possible effects of contamination of groundwater. Analysis of physico-chemical properties of leachate from all the three landfill sites and the surrounding groundwater samples from five different downwind distances from each of the landfill sites were collected and tested to determine the leachate pollution index (LPI) and the water quality index (WQI). The Leachate Pollution Index values of 26.1, 27 and 27.8 respectively for landfill sites of Chandigarh (CHD), Mohali (MOH) and Panchkula (PKL) cities showed that the leachate generated are contaminated. The average pH values of the leachate samples over the sampling period (9.2 for CHD, 8.97 for MOH and 8.9 for PKL) show an alkaline nature indicating that all the three landfill sites could be classified as mature to old stage. The WQI calculated over the different downwind distances from the contamination sites showed that the quality of the groundwater improved with an increase in the downwind distance. Principal component analysis (PCA) carried out established major components mainly from natural and anthropogenic sources with cumulative variance of 88% for Chandigarh, 87.1% for Mohali and 87.8% for Panchkula. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) identifies three distinct cluster types for the groundwater samples. These clusters corresponds to a relatively low pollution, moderate pollution and high pollution regions. It is suggested that all the three non-engineered landfill sites be converted to engineered landfill sites to prevent groundwater contamination and also new sites be considered for construction of these engineered landfill sites as the present dumpsites are nearing the end of their lifespan capacity.     

Natural attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons—a study of biodegradation effects in groundwater (Vitanovac,Serbia)

The role of natural attenuation processes in groundwater contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons is of intense scientific and practical interest. This study provides insight into the biodegradation effects in groundwater at a site contaminated by kerosene (jet fuel) in 1993 (Vitanovac, Serbia). Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), hydrochemical indicators (O₂, NO₃^?, Mn, Fe, SO₄^2?, HCO₃^?), δ¹³C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and other parameters were measured to demonstrate biodegradation effects in groundwater at the contaminated site. Due to different biodegradation mechanisms, the zone of the lowest concentrations of electron acceptors and the zone of the highest concentrations of metabolic products of biodegradation overlap. Based on the analysis of redox-sensitive compounds in groundwater samples, redox processes ranged from strictly anoxic (methanogenesis) to oxic (oxygen reduction) within a short distance. The dependence of groundwater redox conditions on the distance from the source of contamination was observed. δ¹³C values of DIC ranged from ??15.83 to ??2.75‰, and the most positive values correspond to the zone under anaerobic and methanogenic conditions. Overall, results obtained provide clear evidence on the effects of natural attenuation processes—the activity of biodegradation mechanisms in field conditions.