Effect of manganese toxicity on pigment content,Hill activity and photosynthetic rate of Vigna radiata L. Wilczek seedlings

Effect of different concentrations, viz. 10(-4) M, 5 x 10(-4) M, 10(-3) M and 5 x 10(-3) M of manganese sulphate (MnSO4, 7H2O) on chlorophyll, carotenoid pigment content and photosynthesis of mungbean seedlings was examined Progressive increase in manganese sulphate concentration upto 5 x 10(-3) M brought about a progressive decrease in total chlorophyll and chl a content. Chl b content changed very little by excess manganese treatment. Total carotenoid pigment content decreased considerably in comparison to control with every concentration of manganese sulphate tried here. Hill activity of chloroplasts isolated from leaves of mungbean seedling and rate of photosynthesis in terms of CO2 uptake showed progressive reduction along with the increase in concentration of the manganese.     

阴离子态养分从第四纪红壤中的淋失特征

在实验室条件下，将第四纪红壤进行淋洗试验，旨在研究第四纪红壤中阴离子态养分的含量及其淋失特征。结果表明，第四纪红壤中各种可溶发生 阴离子态养分含量除ＮＯ＾－３和Ｃｌ＾－外，其它都是很低的，６种阴离子在第四纪红壤中的淋失强弱顺序是：Ｃｌ＾－〉ＮＯ＾－３〉Ｈ２ＢＯ＾－３〉ＳＯ＾２－４〉ｍＯｏ＾２－４？〉ｈ２ｐｏ＾－４，而土壤对它们的固定或吸附能力则相反。     

A study on major inorganic ion composition of atmospheric aerosols

Atmospheric aerosol samples were collected from Akola and Buldana region covering around 40 sqkm area during October-November 2002 and were analyzed for ten major inorganic ions namely F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO4(2-), PO4(2-), Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH4+ using ion chromatographic technique. The average mass of aerosols was found to be 225.81 microg/m3 with standard deviation of 31.29 and average total water soluble load of total cations and anions was found to be 4.32 microg/m3. The concentration of ions in samples showed a general pattern as SO4(2-) > NO3- > Cl- > PO4(2-) > F- for anions and Na+ > Ca2+ > NH4+ > Mg2+ > K+ for cations. The overall composition of the aerosols was taken into account to identify the sources. The trend showed higher concentration of sodium followed by calcium, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate and ammoinum and found to be influenced by terrestrial sources. The presence of SO4(2-) and NO3- in aerosols may be due to re-suspension of soil particles. Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl- are to be derived from soil materials. The presence of NH4+ may be attributed to the reaction of NH3 vapors with acidic gases may react or condense on an acidic particle surface of anthropogenic origin. The atmospheric aerosol is slightly acidic due to neutralization of basicity by SO2 and NO(x).     

Seedling growth responses to soil resources in the understory of a wet tropical forest

Plant growth responses to resources may be an important mechanism that influences species' distributions, coexistence, and community structure. Irradiance is considered the most important resource for seedling growth in the understory of wet tropical forests, but multiple soil nutrients and species have yet to be examined simultaneously with irradiance under field conditions. To identify potentially limiting resources, we modeled tree seedling growth as a function of irradiance and soil nutrients across five sites, spanning a soil fertility gradient in old-growth, wet tropical forests at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. We measured an array of soil nutrients including total nitrogen (total N), inorganic N (nitrate [NO3-] and ammonium [NH4+]), phosphate (PO4-), and sum of base cations (SBC; potassium, magnesium, and calcium). Shade in the forest understory did not preclude seedling growth correlations with soil nutrients. Irradiance was a significant predictor of growth in 52% of the species, inorganic N in 54% (NO3- in 32%; NH4+ in 34%), total N in 47%, SBC in 39%, and PO4- in 29%. Overall, growth was correlated with both irradiance and soil nutrients in 45% of species and with soil nutrients only in an additional 48%; rarely was irradiance alone correlated with growth. Contrary to expectations, the magnitudes of growth effects, assessed as the maximum growth response to significant resources for each species, were similar for irradiance and most soil nutrients. Among species whose growth correlated with soil nutrients, the rank importance of nutrient effects was SBC, followed by N (total N, NO3-, and/or NH4+) and PO4-. Species' growth responsiveness (i.e., magnitudes of effect) to irradiance and soil nutrients was negatively correlated with species' shade tolerance (survival under 1% full sun). In this broad survey of species and resources, the nearly ubiquitous effects of soil nutrients on seedling growth challenge the idea that soil nutrients are less important than irradiance in the light-limited understory of wet tropical forests.     

Studies on phytotoxic effect of aluminium on growth and some morphological parameters of Vigna radiata L. Wilczek

Aluminium toxicity is a major deterrent for plant growth in acid soils below pH 5.0. This study deals with effect of aluminium toxicity on growth of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) seedlings. Seed germination (in %) declined with increased content of Al2(SO4)3, while promotive effect was observed at very low dosage. Different concentrations of aluminum sulphate salt were applied to mungbean seeds. Measurement of aluminium content in mungbean leaves was done through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Root length (root and hypocotyl length) and shoot length (shoot and epicotyl length) was measured at seven days old seedling stage. Different concentrations of Al2(SO4)3 were found to have significant effect both on shoot and root length. Leaf area, fresh and dry weight was significantly reduced. Increased stomatal frequency and trichome density with an increase in concentrations of Al2(S04)3 was observed through scanning electron microscope.     

春节燃放爆竹对大气气溶胶水溶性无机离子的影响

2007年冬季在兰州市区进行了连续30天的大气气溶胶观测取样,重点对春节燃放与非燃放烟花爆竹期间,大气气溶胶水溶性阴离子(F-、Cl-、NO2-、Br-、NO3-、PO34-、SO23-、SO24-)和水溶性阳离子(Li+、Na+、NH4+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+)的污染状况做了研究。结果显示:春节燃放烟花爆竹会使大气污染加重,大气气溶胶质量浓度日均值比非燃放期上升了22.4%,其中使气溶胶粗颗粒(TSP)上升5.5%,气溶胶细颗粒(PM10)上升55.1%,呈细粒污染加重现象。部分水溶性离子浓度在燃放期间明显升高。上升幅度最大的是K+,其次为SO32-、NO3-、NH4+、SO42-、Cl-、F-、Mg2+、Li+、NO2-等离子。除夕夜采集的大气气溶胶样品,粗细颗粒中K+浓度分别为27.413μg/m3和26.180μg/m3,比非燃放期平均含量高出10.70倍和11.52倍。     

红壤对SO_4~（2－）和H_2PO_4~－的吸附与竞争吸附研究

研究红壤对ＳＯ４（２－）和Ｈ_２ＰＯ(４－)的吸附与竞争吸附机理．实验结果表明，红壤吸附Ｈ２ＰＯ４－的量远远大于ＳＯ４（２－），前者几乎是后者的２倍．在两种阴离子共存体系中，Ｈ２ＰＯ４－使ＳＯ４（２－）吸附量明显减少，在浓度低时甚至出现负吸附；ＳＯ４（２－）对Ｈ２ＰＯ４－吸附量的影响很小．说明土壤对Ｈ２ＰＯ４－的吸持力较强，为高强度专性吸附，不易于被其它阴离子解吸；土壤对ＳＯ４（２－）的吸持力则较弱，为低强度专性吸附或非专性物理吸附，能够被吸持力更强的阴离子完全解吸．     

V2O5/AC催化剂对氨还原NO的研究

考察了V2O5/AC催化剂对NH3选择催化还原NO的影响，结果表明，以浓硝酸预氧化处理的活性焦为载体对催化剂活性有很大提高，这是由于浓硝酸预氧化后，活性焦表面产生了较多的含氧官能团可能吸附更多的NH3,并且提高了活性组分V2O5的含量，反应气氛中加入SO2后，二都活性都增加，但差异消失，这是由于SO2存在时，反应生成的SO4^2-离子的酸性强于浓硝酸预氧化产生的含氧官能团的酸性，催化剂在使用前经过煅烧和氧化对催化剂活性有很大改善。SO2存在时，V2O5含量为1wt%的催化剂活性提高。     

第四纪红壤不同熟化措施下的阴离子态养分含量及其剖面分布

本文对第四纪红壤及其发育的土壤中的６种必需阴离子态养分含量及其在土壤剖面中的分布进行了系统的讨论．结果表明，第四纪红壤中的各种必需阴离子态养分含量与土壤耕作熟化措施有关．荒地的ＮＯ、Ｃｌ－、Ｈ２ＢＯ较高，而开垦为旱地后，它们的含量下降；Ｈ２ＰＯ在土壤经过耕作熟化后有所提高；ＭｏＯ的含量则基本保持不变；与其它阴离子显著不同的是．经耕作熟化后，土壤有效性ＳＯ含量急剧增加，不同的阴离子态养分在土壤剖面中的分布特点不同．     

一株烟草内生拮抗放线菌发酵条件优化

为提高烟草内生放线菌Y12发酵时产生抑菌物质的产量,通过摇瓶正交优化试验,确定了Y12的三角瓶发酵条件.发酵培养基组成为:黄豆粉1.5%,蛋白胨1.5%,葡萄糖1.5%,可溶性淀粉1.5%,MgSO4.7H2O 0.05%,(NH4)SO40.25%,NaCl 0.4%,KH2PO4 0.1%,CaCO3 0.5%;培养基初始pH 7.5,培养温度30℃,发酵时间72 h.经过优化发酵液的抑菌圈直径增加了44.9%.     

Water quality index and suitability assessment of urban ground water of Hisar and Panipat in Haryana

Ground water quality in two well-developed cities of Haryana, viz. Hisar and Panipat was assessed for drinking purpose based on water quality parameters like pH, EC, turbidity, TDS, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), sulphate (SO4) and fluoride (F) with respect to different land-use areas viz. residential, industrial, commercial and agricultural. Water quality index based on 9 parameters showed that at Panipat, underground water in all the land-use zones was fit for consumption (WQI < 50), whereas at Hisar, water in agricultural areas was good in quality, but that in other areas varied in magnitude of pollution (WQI > 50 to 100).     

ZnO薄膜光电催化降解乙酰甲胺磷

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了ZnO薄膜,并通过光电流响应、EIS、SEM、XRD等分析方法对其光电化学性能、表面形貌和结构进行表征.以制备的ZnO薄膜为工作电极对乙酰甲胺磷进行光电催化降解.实验表明,ZnO薄膜电极在UV照射下能够有效地光电催化降解乙酰甲胺磷,加入适量H2O2后具有一定的协同作用.在H2O2浓度为9.908 mmol.L-1,外加电压为1.2 V,支持电解液Na2SO4浓度为0.01 mol.L-1,溶液pH值为5.4的条件下,对0.1 mmol.L-1的乙酰甲胺磷180 min的降解率可达到89.6%.     

土壤中常见离子在紫外区的吸收特性──Ⅱ.高浓度离子溶液与低浓度混合

探讨不同离子浓度与不同无机溶液的混合对紫外光吸收的影响，结果表明，盐酸盐在较高浓度下吸收值迅速增大,吸收峰向红区移动,而硫酸盐在远紫区有一定程度的吸收，KH2PO4与NH4F接近无吸收。多数情况下，无机溶液对紫外光的吸收主要决定于阴离子类型，而与阳离子无关.不同类型溶液的混合基本不改变溶液的吸收特性，硝酸盐在低浓度下对紫外的吸收极为稳定，基本不受共存离子的干扰。0.01mol/LCuSO4与2mol/LKCI吸收峰与硝酸盐吸收峰重叠，但饱和CaSO4与硝酸盐吸收峰不重叠。     

灰泥土中不同氮肥品种反硝化损失与N2O排放量的差异

在实验室培养条件下，采用土壤培养-乙炔抑制法测定尿素、碳酸氢铵、硫酸铵和氯化铵4种氮肥品种在灰泥土中反硝化损失和N2O排放量的差异。结果表明，氮肥品种间的N2O排放量和反硝化损失量存在极显著差异。尿素、碳铵和氯化铵的N2O排放量极显著高于硫铵，占施肥量的3．88%-4．14％；尿素和碳铵的反硝化损失量分别为施肥量的5．8％和3．7％，极显著高于硫铵和氯化铵；但氯化铵的反硝化损失量显著低于CK。     

无机离子对磷钨酸光催化活性艳橙脱色降解的影响

报道了10种无机离子(NO3-,SO42-,CO32-,PO43-,Cl-,Mg2+,Ca2+,Cu2+,Mn2+和Al3+)对磷钨酸光催化活性艳橙(KGN)溶液反应的影响.研究表明,NO3-,SO42-,CO32-和PO43-对光催化KGN溶液降解有一定的促进作用,但随着NO3-浓度的增大,该促进作用不再增大;SO24-和CO23-在不同浓度下对光催化反应有较强的促进作用,但随着SO42-和CO32-浓度的增长,其促进作用呈降低趋势;当PO34-浓度高于0.15mmol.l-1时,随着PO34-浓度的增大,光催化反应发生抑制,并且随着浓度的增长,抑制作用有增强的趋势;Cl-对光催化脱色反应存在较强的抑制作用,除在0.075mmol.l-1的浓度时,Cl-对反应无明显影响外,其它浓度下都使光催化反应发生抑制,并且随着Cl-浓度的增加,抑制作用明显增强.Mg2+和Ca2+在不同浓度下对磷钨酸光催化KGN反应略微有促进作用;Cu2+对活性艳橙光催化脱色反应影响不显著;而Mn2+和Al3+离子对光催化反应效率存在一定抑制作用.     

不同磷浓度下水稻短根突变体与野生型对五价砷吸收和转运的差异

为研究水稻根形态及磷营养状况对水稻吸收和转运五价砷的调控作用,采用水培的方法,研究了在不同外部磷浓度(0、10、50、150、300μM KH2PO4)下水稻(Oryza sativa L.)短根突变体与野生型短期内对五价砷(10μM Na3AsO4)吸收和转运的差异.结果表明,水稻根形态(短根突变体与野生型)和磷营养状况均能对水稻吸收和转运五价砷产生显著影响:1)磷能竞争性抑制水稻对五价砷的吸收,随营养液中磷浓度的增加,水稻地上部和地下部五价砷含量、单位根干重砷吸收量(根系砷吸收能力)均显著降低;2)水稻短根突变体对五价砷的吸收能力低于野生型,但转运能力高于野生型.     

鸟粪石法沉淀去除氨氮的平衡体系模拟预测

使用化学平衡软件Visual MINTEQ计算拟合鸟粪石(磷酸镁铵,MgNH4PO4·6H2O,MAP)沉淀去除氨氮的平衡体系在不同pH值条件下Mg2+、NH4+和PO34-各组分的变化及饱和指数(SI)的变化.实验和预测结果表明,模型对MAP沉淀平衡体系拟合良好.在本研究的pH值范围内(8.0—11.0),化学平衡模型VisualMINTEQ能预测敞开体系氨氮废水中通过磷酸铵镁沉淀去除的NH4+-N,但不能用来预测敞开体系中所有氨氮的去除,即预测结果中不包括由于氨气挥发而去除的氨氮.     

Candida utilis生物合成谷胱甘肽的营养及环境条件

研究了摇瓶条件下Candida utilis WSH02—08生物合成谷胱甘肽(GSH)的营养条件，确定以葡萄糖作为碳源，硫酸铵和尿素作为混合氮源．在L6(4^5)正交试验的基础上，选用BP神经网络对营养条件进行优化和预测，得出较优的营养组合为：葡萄糖30gL^-1(NH4)2SO4gL^-1，尿素4gL^-1，KH2PO4 3gL^-1，MgSO4 0．25gL^-1．研究了GSH发酵的环境条件，得出较优的组合为：初始pH6．0，装液量30mL／250mL，接种量10％．利用优化后的营养及环境条件进行摇瓶发酵实验，结果表明，GSH产量和细胞干重均有较大幅度的提高．图7表2参13     

集胞藻(Synechocystis sp. PCC6803)对砷吸收转化特性的初步研究

砷是一种广泛存在于环境中的有毒物质.集胞藻属于单细胞藻类,广泛分布在淡水生态环境中.采用营养液培养的方法探讨了集胞藻(Synechocystis sp.PCC6803)对砷的累积和转化特性.当集胞藻分别暴露于2和100 μM的无机As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)14 d后,体内的砷形态均以As(Ⅴ)为主,并且在100 μM浓度处...     

Effect of industrial effluent on properties of groundwater

Field survey was conducted to assess the quality of underground water in four major industrial areas of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, and viz., Patancheru, Katedhan, Nacharam and Jeedimetla. Ground water samples were collected from wells at different lateral distances from the effluent streams i.e., starting from a minimum distance of 20 meters to a maximum distance of 620 meters from the effluent streams and analysed for different characteristics. The survey revealed that indiscriminate disposal of the effluent of industrial complexes around Hyderabad has aggrevated the acidity, EC, TDS, COD, Cl-, SO4(2-), PO4(3-), NO3-, F and heavy metals in the ground waters. As the sampling distance from the polluting stream increased a gradual improvement in the quality of ground water was noticed.