Cu、Pb、Zn火焰原子吸收多谱线分析在环境监测中的应用

对铜的 3条谱线 (2 49.2 nm、2 61 .4nm,3 2 4.8nm ) ,铅的 2条谱线 (2 83 .3 nm、2 1 7.0 1 nm )以及锌的 2条谱线(3 0 7.6nm、2 1 3 .9nm ) ,共 7条谱线的灵敏度、检测限、线性范围进行了归纳性总结 ,并对多种共存元素可能存在的干扰情况进行了研究 ,认为利用元素不同分析谱线的分析灵敏度差异 ,根据被测元素在样品消解液中含量 ,选择合适的谱线进行分析 ,既降低工作强度 ,又能获得满意结果     

渭河干流(宝鸡段)表层沉积物Cu、Zn、Pb污染特征与评价

对渭河干流（宝鸡段）表层沉积物中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb含量进行了调查,用潜在生态危害系数法对其污染水平进行了评价,并与松花江（吉林市段）、淮河（江苏段）、长江（下游）、苏州河、珠江（广州段）5条河流表层沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb的含量做了对比研究。结果表明,3种重金属元素平均含量均超出相应的土壤背景值,出现了一定程度上的富集;生态危害系数均〈40,属轻微生态危害。重金属含量水平在国内诸河中处于中间位置。     

多道石墨炉原子光谱法同时测定水中的Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd

使用多道石墨炉原子吸仪,采用石墨管涂层处理技术,在对几种基体改进剂的改进作用进行实验比较的基础上,选择１％ＺｒＯＣｌ２为基体改进剂,对水中的Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ４种元素进行了同时测定,并应用此方法对北京化工二厂和京密引水渠的水样进行了加标回收试验,取得了较为满意的结果。     

Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metals in soils of a Pb–Zn mining area, India

Surface soil samples collected from a Pb and Zn mining area in India were subjected to multi-elemental analysis by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis, coupled with correlation coefficient analysis, were used to analyze the data and to apportion the possible sources of elements in soils of a metal mining area. Soils in this area have elevated heavy metal concentrations especially Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, As, and Tl. Using principal component (PC) analysis, six components were extracted, out of which two PCs explaining 50.12% of total variance are more important. The first principal component with a high contribution of Ag, As, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn was deemed to be technogenic/anthropogenic component, and the second principal component, with high loadings for the five discerning variables (Al, Be, Cr, K, Li), was considered as lithogenic component. The third component having strong loadings of Ba, Ca, K, and Na is supposed to have a mixed origin (lithogenic as well as technogenic). Electrical conductivity and total organic matter were not correlated with any element and also have a strong loading in the fifth component which is probably the biomass and ions present in these soils. The findings of the principal component analysis were also substantiated by the cluster analysis. The present study would not only enhance our knowledge regarding the soil pollution status in the study area but would also provide us information to manage the sources of these elements in the study area.     

利用曲线补偿变时溶出示差技术测定Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd初步探讨

本文利用曲线补偿，变时溶出示差技术提高了测定Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ的灵敏度、精密度和准确度，进一步改变了谱图的分辨率，避免了Ｏ２波的干扰     

螯合树脂在线富集——火焰原子吸收光度法测定水中微量Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd

对螯合树脂在线富集，火焰原子吸收光度法进行了条件试验。试验证实方法对Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ４个元素检出浓度可达μｇ／Ｌ级，校准曲线性、样品重现性及准确度可满足测定要求。     

在线富集流动注射——火焰原子吸收法测定地面水中痕量CU,Zn,Pb,Cd

利用NP-多胺基磷酸树脂作为浓缩柱,结合流动注射技术,对地面水中痕量的Cu、Zn、Pb、 Cd进行富集,用火焰原子吸收法进行测定,对Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd四种常测重金属元素,本方法的变异系数分别为 2.0％、 3.6％、2.1％和 4.6％。富集倍率可以达到两个数量级,接近石墨炉原子吸收法的灵敏度,有较好的精密度。     

偏振能量色散X-射线荧光光谱法测定土壤中Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb四种重金属元素

以土壤和水系沉积物标准物质为校准样品,采用粉末样品压片制样,建立了偏振能量色散X-射线荧光光谱仪测定土壤中Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb四种重金属元素的方法。该方法分别采用Ge,Zn,Zr等3个不同二次靶对被分析元素进行选择性激发和测定,利用经验系数和康普顿散射线作内标校正基体效应,优化了元素校准曲线方程,实验结果表明,土壤和水系沉积物标准物质准确度实验结果符合定值要求,方法精密度RSD在1.12%~6.09%之间(n=10),Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb四种重金属元素的检出限分别达到2.54、0.93、0.96、0.98 mg/kg。土壤样品测定值与原子吸收法测定结果一致,该方法准确度、精密度、检出限均能满足土壤检测的需要。     

Risks associated with the mining of Pb–Zn minerals in some parts of the Southern Benue trough,Nigeria

The environmental effects of the mining of lead–zinc mineralization in Enyigba area, Southern Benue trough were examined. The samples used for this study were obtained from abandoned mine sites, mine tailings, streams, hand-dug wells, mine pond and borehole. Collected samples were subjected to X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction analyses, atomic absorption spectrometry and permeability tests. These were done using standard laboratory equipment and procedures. The concentrations of heavy metals present in analysed water samples fall below the world health organizations’ (WHO) acceptable limits. Conversely, the soil, mine tailings and stream sediments indicate appreciable pollution level by some potential toxic metals (PTMs). Consequently, the habitual use of these soils for construction purpose by inhabitants has possible health hazards. The shaly lithology underlying the area is increasingly affected by weathering and lateritization, thus improving its permeability and the easiness with which PTMs can be conducted to the water table by leachate. Regular monitoring assessment is recommended to ensure adherence of miners operating in the area to existing environmental laws.     

ISS-2锌渣标准样品中Zn、Pb、Cd全量浸取研究及与纯水浸提比较

锌渣标准样品２００目，已经过多家实验室协作定值，通过二种方法可提取样品中的全量Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ：（１）１＋９ＨＣｌ，密封，０１２～０１４ＭＰａ，１２１℃，６０ｍｉｎ；（２）１＋９ＨＣｌ，超声波处理，６０ｍｉｎ。     

ICP-MS法测定水稻田表层土壤中重金属元素Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr、Mn的研究

报道了用ICP-MS法直接测定水稻田表层土壤中的重金属元素Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr、Mn含量的方法.土壤样品经HNO3-HF-HClO4彻底消化后,加入内标元素45Sc、115In、204Tl,采用内标法进行测定,有效地克服了基体效应、接口效应及仪器波动所产生的影响;通过优化仪器的工作参数,选择待测元素适当地测定同位素,有效克服了因质谱干扰所带来的影响.对污染土壤标准物质(编号GBW08305)进行测定,测定结果与标准值相吻合.该方法的加标回收率是98.0%～102.0%,相对标准偏差是2.2%～3.5%,具有线性范围宽、简单、快速、准确等特点.     

Geochemical behavior of heavy metals in a Zn–Pb–Cu mining area in the State of Mexico (central Mexico)

The geochemical behavior of zinc, lead and copper from sulfidic tailings in a mine site with potential to generate acidic drainage (pyrite (55%) and sphalerite (2%)) is reported in this paper. The mining area is divided in two zones, considering the topographic location of sampling points with respect to the tailings pile: (a) outer zone, out of the probable influence of acid mine drainage (AMD) pollution, and (b) inner zone, probably influenced by AMD pollution. Maximum total ions concentrations (mg/L) measured in superficial waters found were, in the outer zone: As (0.2), Cd (0.9), Fe (19), Mn (39), Pb (5.02), SO4(2-) (4650), Zn (107.67), and in the inner zone are As (0.1), Cd (0.2), Fe (88), Mn (13), Pb (6), SO4(2-) (4,880), Zn (46). The presence of these ions that exceeding the permissible maximum limits for human consume, could be associated to tailings mineralogy and acid leachates generated in tailings pile.     

用ICP—AES测定含铁尘泥中CU、Ni、Cr、Mn、Zn、Pb、Cd元素

在冶金企业中每年要产生大量的含铁尘泥。其中产要来自转炉尘泥、烧结灰、高炉瓦(?)、轧钢的氧化钢皮等等。     

丽水市空气中Pb污染调查

为调查丽水市空气中Pb污染现状，在机动车相对集中的市区布设5个测点，测点高度1．2m；监测周期为1a，每星期采样1d或2d，每天采集1个样，每次采样6h；监测项目为TSP、Pb；评价标准采用GB3095—1996《环境空气质量标准》。结果表明，丽水市各测点空气中Pb最大的季均值、年均值均未超标；常规测点和交通路口测点之间TSP、Pb质量浓度值均存在显著的差异性。     

火焰原子吸收法测定西沙群岛土壤中Pb、Cd、Mn、Co、Ni、Cr、Cu、Zn的问题分析

火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中的微量元素已有许多报导。对于一般土壤而言,采用酸溶、飞硅处理试样后,用塞曼或自吸收法等强力扣除背景的仪器直接进行火焰法测定,便能得到比较准确的分析结果。 但是,当测定比较特殊的土样时,例如含Ca、Na或Al较高的土壤,由于背景吸收严重,且往往不能正确校正,所以直接测定会带来较大误差。1000ppm以上的土壤基体元素对0.4ppmPb的分子吸收干扰顺序是Ca>Fe>Al>Mg>Na>K,1000ppm Ca约相当于0.12ppm Pb的吸收,Cd也往往遇到同样的干扰。Al、Ca、Mg对Cr产生正干扰,而Na有负干扰。用232.0nm线测定Ni时,由于光散射和分子吸收的影响,测得的信号可能会比实际信号大10倍,3500ppm Ca等于1ppm Ni的吸收。     

用不同酸溶方法对三类土壤中Pb、Cr、Ni、Cd、Mn、Cu、Zn的溶出比较

Pb、Cr、Ni、Cd、Mn、Cu、Zn是土壤中的微量成分,用直接测定固体试样的x-射线荧光法难以给出准确可靠的结果。一般在测定之前须对土样进行消解处理。近几年世界各国在土壤背景值调查中采用了不同的消解方法,日本用HNO_3—H_2SO_4—HClO_4法;美国主要用HCl—HNO_3法,意大利、南斯拉夫等用热王水提取;英国认为未污染土壤中大多数金属存在于土壤晶格中,唯有用HF和Na_2CO_3熔融才能完全分解,其它各种酸溶法     

宁波市空气中Pb污染现状及趋势

Pb的日平均浓度为084μgm3;Da<10μm粒子的Pb浓度(081～085μgm3)远远高于Da>10μm粒子的Pb浓度(008～019μgm3);Da<10μm的粒子,在不同楼层(2～15层)测得浓度分别为094～065μgm3,差异不大;空气中Pb浓度的水平方向变化不但受污染源影响而且与当时当地空气流通情况有较大关系。宁波市空气中Pb污染现状及趋势@翁燕波$宁波市环境监测站!浙江宁波315000@崔大为$宁波市环境监测站!浙江宁波315000@俞杰$宁波市环境监测站!浙江宁波315000     

用几种溶样方法对典型土样中Pb、Cr、Ni、Cd、Mn、Cu、Zn的溶出情况比较

本文采用HNO_3、HCl-HNO_3、HNO_3-H_2SO_4-HClO_4,溶洋方法消解土样,用原子吸收法测定题述中的元素,并与HCl-HNO_3-HF-HClO_4全消解方法进行了比较.发现除用HF以外的其它酸溶法Pb、Cr的溶出较少溶出比分别低于55％和67％,主要原因是Pb、Cr包藏在土壤的矿物晶格中。     

微波消解—原子吸收/原子荧光光度法测定活性污泥中的Cd、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cr、K、As、Hg

通过实验,建立了活性污泥中金属和重金属的测定方法。活性污泥样品经硝酸—氢氟酸或硝酸—高氯酸微波消解处理后,Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cr、K选用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定,Cd用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定,As、Hg用原子荧光光度法测定。该方法操作简单,结果准确,重现性好。样品加标回收率为93%-108%,相对标准偏差〈5%。