共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 777 毫秒
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运用数据包络分析DEA方法,建立了太湖殷村港流域工业园区企业污水治理效率评价体系,并利用该体系对园区内企业污水治理效率进行了实证研究。利用效率评价函数对园区内20家企业进行评价,结果表明,其中4家企业达到环境治理效率相对高效;20家企业的废水排放量、COD和NH3-N排放削减总量分别为3691860、217.53和14.64t/a,削减潜力较大。实证研究结果表明,该环境绩效评价系统可为园区企业污水治理调控提出定量化的调整建议。 相似文献
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排污交易被广泛认为是有效配置电力行业二氧化硫总量指标资源的有效手段,目前中国正在进行积极试点与推广.排放配额的初始分配是电力行业二氧化硫排污交易成功实施的重要基础,对排污交易的政策效果产生重要的影响.系统地介绍了排污交易排放配额的初始分配方法,并进行了详细的比较分析,指出了分配方法确定的大体趋势.以期在排污交易设计中,对排放配额初始分配方法的确定提供参考. 相似文献
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如何在目标总量控制和容量总量控制间找到契合点,使总量控制既体现环境改善需求,又能促进环保基础设施建设和经济调控目标的实现成为当前的研究重点。基于目标总量控制,探索一种综合考虑减排效益的污染物总量分配方法,构建了以人口、GDP、水资源量、水环境容量和环保投资作为评价指标的环境基尼系数最小化模型,并将其应用于内蒙古自治区COD总量的优化分配。结果表明,与初始分配相比,优化分配后的环境基尼系数总和下降了0.85%,优化后的分配方案更公平、合理。在优化分配过程中,各评价指标间互相制约,较好提高了最终分配结果的科学性和可操作性。 相似文献
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分析了2005—2012年纺织行业单位产品的用水量、主要水污染物排放强度和排放浓度的变化趋势,并采用灰色关联度分析方法,对各要素与行业主要水污染物排放量进行了关联分析。结果显示,2005—2012年中国纺织行业主要水污染物的排放强度显著下降,2012年COD和氨氮的排放强度分别为5.93、0.41kg/t,相比2005年分别下降了51.9%和39.7%。与纺织行业COD排放量变化最为密切的指标是单位产品的废水排放量、单位产品取水量与单位产品COD排放量,说明纺织行业生产工艺的提升对行业COD排放量的降低有较为密切的关系。与氨氮排放量变化最为密切的指标是单位企业产品产量、氨氮平均排放浓度与总量类指标,说明企业规模、末端治理工艺与氨氮排放量有较为密切的关系。 相似文献
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城市非点源污染的排放负荷计算及特征分析是开展相应污染控制工作的基础。基于SWMM模型开展昆明市北部排水片区2013年城市非点源污染逐日排放负荷模拟与特征分析,并选取6项评价指标对比分析了3种源头控制技术措施的径流和污染物削减潜力。结果表明:2013年研究区域排入盘龙江的非点源COD、TN和TP年排放负荷分别为2 818.39、119.24、75.21t,最大日排放负荷分别为135.41、5.69、3.86t;2013年非点源COD、TN和TP入盘龙江日平均排放值分别有171、170、215d未达到水环境功能区划目标;削减潜力分析结果表明,水质浮选雨水口对COD年总负荷超标倍数和超标日平均超标倍数的削减程度最大,屋面雨水收集则对其余指标的削减效果最好。 相似文献
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介绍了生态工业园低碳发展的主要途径,然后尝试运用数据包络分析(DEA)法中的基于松弛变量的度量(SBM)模型对合肥高新区、合肥经济开发区、上海金桥、上海莘庄生态工业园低碳发展路径下的环境效率进行评价.并与合肥市其他8个未进行生态工业园建设的非生态工业园的环境效率进行对比.结果表明,从整体来看生态工业园的环境效率高于非生态工业园,评价结果基本与实际情况相符,说明采用SBM模型进行生态工业园低碳发展路径下的环境效率评价是可行的,但是由于选取的决策单位数量有限,导致个别结果不符合实际情况;各工业园技术效率差别较大,生态工业园中只有上海金桥生态工业园的平均技术效率达到1.000,对比非生态工业园,4个生态工业园并没有明显的规模优势或技术优势,环境效率变化的驱动力各有差异;生态工业园的单位工业增加值CO2排放量与环境效率变化整体呈反向趋势,这与客观事实相符;鉴于SBM模型中对决策单元和投入产出指标数量的要求,无法对较少数量的工业园之间的环境效率进行比较,这是SBM模型的不足之处,还有待进一步深入研究. 相似文献
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为提高机动车排放清单的精度,对清单的空间分配模型进行优化,在模型复杂度与关联因素分析的基础上,对人口密度、国内生产总值(GDP)、交通兴趣点(POI)、坡度等影响因子进行主成分提取,并结合标准路长,提出了基于主成分综合调解系数的多因子空间分配模型,以济南市为例进行验证,结果显示:济南市2021年机动车碳排放总量为1 259.9万t;基于构建的空间分配模型,获取了济南市1 km×1 km分辨率的网格化机动车碳排放清单;历下区等济南市中心城区是高排放的热点区域,高速公路与一级公路形成高排放的线状地带。基于空间分配模型与基于标准路长的分配结果相比,高排放区碳排放量更高,低排放区碳排放量更低;前者考虑了坡度,对于地形起伏较大地区的分配结果更合理。基于主成分调解系数的多因子空间分配模型提高了网格化排放清单的空间分辨率和分配结果精度。 相似文献
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《Environmental Forensics》2013,14(4):245-253
This article provides context for the ensuing three-part study published in this volume that describes quantitative allocation of mass metal loading to the 20 km groundwater plume in the Pinal Creek alluvial aquifer. The plume resulted from >75 years of copper ore leaching by ferric sulfate and sulfuric acid in the Globe-Miami mining district, Arizona. Geochemical fingerprinting, followed by spatial and temporal analysis of Pinal Creek monitoring well data, identified three distinct source areas and plumes. Each exhibited a unique chlorine-copper-iron chemical signature that resulted from differences in process geochemistry, ore mineralogy, and solution handling. As the acid plume advanced, carbonate buffering capacity was consumed, with concomitant precipitation of metal oxyhydroxides that evolved into acid-bearing aluminum and iron cements. Column experiments, geochemical modeling, and empirical data indicate that dissolution of the residual acidic precipitates will result in asymptotic reductions in metal concentrations, which will affect response costs for up to 140 years after initiation of remedial pumping in the late 1980s. Finally, metal loading to the alluvial aquifer was quantified for each source area using Darcy's Law or flow data combined with the sum of aluminum, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc, which constitute >99% of the total metal mass. Based on this analysis, to date Webster Gulch contributed 94% of the loading, Upper Bloody Tanks Wash contributed 5%, and the Miami Unit contributed 1%. A sensitivity analysis that varied all parameters in the loading calculation by ±20% resulted in only small differences in allocation (±1%) because the large mass released from Webster Gulch (618 kt of metal) dominates the overall allocation. 相似文献
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排污权的合理定价可以为环境保护提供正确的经济激励,引导排污企业将污染排放量设定在社会的最优水平。从理论上分析了排污权定价时应综合考虑的影响因素,构建了排污权定价模型的指标体系;运用主成分分析法和客观赋值法,从地区因素、污染物因素和行业因素3方面附加权重计算排污权基准价定价模型的价格系数,为排污权合理定价提供参考。 相似文献
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Pierre Vollenweider Terry MenardMadeleine S. Günthardt-Goerg 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(1):324-336
In order to achieve efficient phytoextraction of heavy metals using trees, the metal allocation to aboveground tissues needs to be characterised. In his study, the distribution of heavy metals, macro- and micronutrients and the metal micro-localisation as a function of the leaf position and heavy metal treatment were analysed in poplars grown on soil with mixed metal contamination. Zinc was the most abundant contaminant in both soil and foliage and, together with cadmium, was preferentially accumulated in older foliage whereas excess copper and lead were not translocated. Changes in other element concentrations indicated an acceleration in aging as a consequence of the metal treatment. Excess zinc was irregularly accumulated inside leaf tissues, tended to saturate the veins and was more frequently stored in cell symplast than apoplast. Storage compartments including metabolically safe and sensitive subcellular sites resulted in sizable metal accumulation as well as stress reactions. 相似文献
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总量控制规划中允许排放量的平权分配 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对总量控制规划中公平合理分配各污染源允许排放量的意义以及现有平权分配方法中存在的问题进行分析。阐明了允许排放量平权分配的原则,提出了平权分配污染源允许排放量的B值法。剖析了分析平权后剩余环境容量的必要性,并提出了相应的解决方法。 相似文献
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Wyness K Mills G Jones L Barnes JD Jones DL 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2493-2499
The combined impacts of simulated increased nitrogen (N) deposition (75 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and increasing background ozone (O3) were studied using two mesotrophic grassland species (Dactylis glomerata and Ranunculus acris) in solardomes, by means of eight O3 treatments ranging from 15.5 ppb to 92.7 ppb (24 h average mean). A-Ci curves were constructed for each species to gauge effects on photosynthetic efficiency and capacity, and effects on biomass partitioning were determined after 14 weeks. Increasing the background concentration of O3 reduced the healthy above ground and root biomass of both species, and increased senesced biomass. N fertilisation increased biomass production in D. glomerata, and a significantly greater than additive effect of O3 and N on root biomass was evident. In contrast, R. acris biomass was not affected by high N. The study shows the combined effects of these pollutants have differential implications for carbon allocation patterns in common grassland species. 相似文献