稀土吸波材料的研究进展

吸波材料是一种重要的特种材料,对解决电磁污染、电磁兼容以及提升武器装备的隐身能力起着重要的作用。从吸波材料的应用出发,介绍了稀土增强材料吸波能力的机理,然后分别从稀土元素掺杂铁氧体材料、稀土过渡金属间化合物、稀土锰基氧化物LSMO材料以及稀土掺杂磁性薄膜几方面,对吸波材料中这类重要的稀土吸波材料的研究现状进行了论述。     

盐酸掺杂聚苯胺纤维对铅离子的吸附性能研究

制备了盐酸掺杂聚苯胺纤维,采用SEM、IR对其结构与形貌进行了表征。考察了该新型吸附剂对P2+b的吸附性能。并探讨了盐酸掺杂聚苯胺纤维对P2+b的吸附机理,获得相关热力学参数,表明盐酸掺杂聚苯胺纤维对P2+b去除效果良好,是一种很有应用前景的水处理剂。     

水溶性聚苯胺的制备方法腐蚀机理及缓蚀性能研究进展

综述了近年来水溶性聚苯胺制备方法的研究进展,介绍了聚苯胺的防腐机理。试验结果表明,自制的水溶性聚苯胺对碳钢在盐酸溶液中具有比较明显的缓蚀作用,缓蚀率可达70%以上。     

水热反应时间对氧化锌半导体材料吸波性能的影响

目的研究水热反应时间对氧化锌吸波性能的影响,以获得高性能吸波材料。方法通过控制水热反应时间,制备不同形貌的氧化锌半导体材料,并采用XRD、SEM、TEM等表征手段,分析水热反应时间对氧化锌半导体材料形貌及结构的影响。利用矢量网络分析仪测定该材料在2~18 GHz频率范围内的相对复介电常数和复磁导率,采用MATLAB模拟分析不同厚度下水热反应时间对氧化锌半导体材料吸波机制及吸波性能的影响。结果当水热反应时间为12 h时,氧化锌在高频率处可达到较好的吸波效果,最大回波损耗可达?52.86 dB。结论通过控制水热反应时间,可实现对氧化锌的形貌进行调控,进而得到吸波性能优异的氧化锌吸波材料。     

聚苯胺/TiO2-SiO2复合催化剂去除空气中甲醛的研究

为提高空气净化效果,研究了聚苯胺(PANi)/TiO2-SiO2复合催化剂对甲醛的吸附和协同光催化作用.考察了TiO2-SiO2涂敷层数、PANi浓度和不同酸(有机酸、盐酸)掺杂对紫外光催化氧化甲醛的影响,以及PANi/TiO2-SiO2在可见光下去除甲醛的效果.结果表明,复合聚苯胺的存在使吸光范围拓展到可见光区,提高了对甲醛的吸附.涂敷3层TiO2-SiO2、吸附浓度0.26g/L的PANi溶液所得复合催化剂紫外光催化效果最好,与没有PANi的催化剂相比,使甲醛去除率提高2倍.有机酸掺杂比无机酸掺杂的PANi复合催化剂紫外光催化甲醛的初期反应快,但最终甲醛的去除率相同.PANi/TiO2-SiO2具有显著的可见光催化氧化去除甲醛的活性,对低浓度甲醛氧化去除速率更快.     

镍铁合金/铁包云母粉复合吸波涂层材料的频散特性

目的探究不同质量分数配比的镍铁合金/铁包云母粉复合吸波涂层材料的频散特性。方法利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察镍铁合金和铁包云母粉的微观形貌,并使用仪器附带的能谱分析仪对样品所选区域的各元素含量进行测量。用矢量网络分析仪研究了不同质量分数下的镍铁合金/石蜡、铁包云母粉/石蜡同轴样品的介电常数与磁导率。用弓形法测试在2~18 GHz频段内镍铁合金和铁包云母粉以不同质量比加入环氧树脂-聚酰胺体系中制备的不同厚度的单层吸波涂层的反射损耗。结果镍铁合金频散特性较好,对电磁波损耗较大,将其作为吸波涂层的填料,减少吸收剂的用量同时降低了涂层的厚度。铁包云母粉的介电常数的实部较低,与自由空间的阻抗匹配较好,拓宽了吸波频带。镍铁合金和铁包云母粉作为填料,以质量分数30%/30%制备厚度1.2 mm的单层吸波涂层,在2~18 GHz其最小反射值达到了-21.8 d B,小于-10 d B的带宽达到10.5 GHz。结论镍铁合金与铁包云母粉以合适质量比复合,制备的吸波涂层材料厚度薄、吸波频带宽。     

镍、铜退镀废液的资源回收

一、概述电镀生产过程中,由于镀液质量、电镀工艺等多种因素的影响,造成镀件报废。这些镀件在重新电镀前,必须进行退镀处理。镍、铜镀件的退镀是在浓硝酸——盐酸体系中进行的。因退镀液中金属离子浓度逐步升高,硝酸浓度下降,退镀质量和速度变差、变慢,最后溶液就成为退镀废液。镍、铜退镀剂组成一般为9份硝酸,1份盐酸的混合液。报废后的金属离子总浓度为50克/升以上。由于该体系的酸度及氧化性远     

钇掺杂对铁酸铋的结构和光催化性的影响

以二乙三胺五乙酸为配体,通过低温热分解配位前驱体制备Y~(3+)掺杂纳米级粉体Bi_(1-x)Y_xFe O_3(x=0~0.2)。通过X粉末衍射仪器(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、紫外可见漫反射光谱仪(DRS)以及样品振动磁强计(VSM)等手段研究掺杂比例及灼烧条件对产物物相、光学性质以及磁性等的影响。结果表明,Y~(3+)掺杂可以明显提高铁酸铋的磁性和降低带隙,抑制晶体生长,改变晶相。随灼烧时间的延长和温度的升高,晶体膨胀,结晶度提高。同时以甲基橙为降解模型研究掺杂比例和灼烧条件对产物光催化性的影响。结果表明,适当的掺杂和灼烧可以提高铁酸铋的催化性,其中在500℃下将掺杂量5%的前驱体灼烧1 h所得铁酸铋的催化效果最好。在此催化剂作用下,甲基橙光照3 h的降解率可达95%左右,比不掺杂的铁酸铋提高了44%左右。浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙溶液,最佳催化剂用量为1 g/L。另外,利用磁铁对Y~(3+)掺杂5%的铁酸铋进行回收并测定了催化性能的稳定性,结果发现掺杂5%Y~(3+)的铁酸铋循环使用5次仍能使甲基橙的光降解率达85%左右。     

碳掺杂二氧化钛粉体的制备及光催化性能研究

以硫酸钛和尿素为前驱,葡萄糖(C6H12O6)为碳源,采用均匀沉淀-水热法制备了碳掺杂的二氧化钛(TiO2)粉体,通过对甲基橙在汞灯(模拟紫外光)和氙灯(模拟太阳光)下的降解试验,研究了掺碳量对TiO2粉体光催化活性的影响。结果表明:碳掺杂可提高TiO2粉体在可见光范围内降解甲基橙的能力,当碳、钛摩尔比为0.225时,碳掺杂TiO2粉体在可见光范围内的光催化活性最强。     

超声-Cd~(2+)/N共掺杂TiO_2可见光催化降解苯酚研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料,用溶胶-凝胶法合成Cd~(2+)/N共掺杂的二氧化钛,采用X光衍射仪对其粉体的物相进行了表征。进而研究此合成掺杂光催化剂在US(超声波)/Vis(可见光)下降解水中苯酚的降解效果,结果表明,在Cd~(2+)、N共掺杂的二氧化钛作为催化剂的情况下,可见光光催化降解苯酚有一定的效果;超声波的加入能够明显提高可见光光催化降解苯酚的降解率。     

铝粉表面超声波化学镀Ni-Co合金的研究

目的在铝粉表面进行镀Ni-Co合金层的研究,为制备新型的空心陶瓷吸波材料提供基础原料。方法利用超声波化学镀法。结果铝粉经过超声波化学镀Ni-Co合金,质量增加平均百分率达到了89.0%,通过SEM,EDS和XRD分析,表明在铝粉表面形成了Ni-Co合金层。结论利用超声波化学镀法能够在铝粉表面形成Ni-Co合金层。     

Study on preparation and microwave absorption property of the core-nanoshell composite materials doped with La

Microwave absorbing material plays a great role in electromagnetic pollution controlling, electromagnetic interference shielding and stealth technology, etc. The core-nanoshell composite materials doped with La were prepared by a solid-state reaction method, which is applied to the electromagnetic wave absorption. The core is magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere, and the shell is the nanosized ferrite doped with La. The thermal decomposition process of the sample was investigated by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The morphology and components of the composite materials were investigated by the X-ray diffraction analysis, the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results of vibrating sample magnetometer analysis indicated that the exchange-coupling interaction happens between ferrite of magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere and nanosized ferrite coating, which caused outstanding magnetic properties. The microwave absorbing property of the sample was measured by reflectivity far field radar cross section of radar microwave absorbing material with vector network analyzer. The results indicated that the exchange-coupling interaction enhanced magnetic loss of composite materials. Therefore, in the frequency of 5 GHz, the reflection coefficient can achieve ?24 dB. It is better than single material and is consistent with requirements of the microwave absorbing material at the low-frequency absorption.     

Study on preparation and microwave absorption property of the core-nanoshell composite materials doped with La

Microwave absorbing material plays a great role in electromagnetic pollution controlling, electromagnetic interference shielding and stealth technology, etc. The core-nanoshell composite materials doped with La were prepared by a solid-state reaction method, which is applied to the electromagnetic wave absorption. The core is magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere, and the shell is the nanosized ferrite doped with La. The thermal decomposition process of the sample was investigated by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The morphology and components of the composite materials were investigated by the X-ray diffraction analysis, the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results of vibrating sample magnetometer analysis indicated that the exchange-coupling interaction happens between ferrite of magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere and nanosized ferrite coating, which caused outstanding magnetic properties. The microwave absorbing property of the sample was measured by reflectivity far field radar cross section of radar microwave absorbing material with vector network analyzer. The results indicated that the exchange-coupling interaction enhanced magnetic loss of composite materials. Therefore, in the frequency of 5 GHz, the reflection coefficient can achieve -24 dB. It is better than single material and is consistent with requirements of the microwave absorbing material at the low-frequency absorption.     

Preparation and microwave absorbing properties of the core-nanoshell composite absorbers with the magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere as core

Electromagnetic (EM) wave pollution has become the chief physical pollution for environment. The core-nanoshell composite absorbers with magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere as core and nanocrystalline magnetic material as shell were prepared by high-energy ball milling. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and vector network analyzer (VNA) analysis indicated that perfect-crystalline nanomagnetic material coating was gotten with a particle size of 12 nm, being dried at 60°C for 2 hr and calcined at 400°C for 1 hr after ball milling. The exchange-coupling interaction happened between ferrite of cenosphere and soft magnet γ-Fe₂03 coating, it enhances magnetic loss of composite absorbers. In the frequency between 1 MHz and 1 GHz, the absorbing effectiveness of the core-nanoshell composite absorbers can achieve ?30 dB, it is better than single material and is consistent with requirements of the microwave absorbing material at the low-frequency absorption.     

几种低分子量有机酸对石灰岩溶蚀作用的室内模拟试验

在室内进行了几种低分子量有机酸对石灰岩颗粒(粒径0.45～1mm)的溶蚀试验,同时用盐酸进行对比试验。结果表明:各有机酸对石灰岩颗粒溶蚀作用大小的顺序为:乳酸>乙酸>柠檬酸>甲酸>草酸>丙酮酸,同类型酸中如醇酸或羧酸中,酸性较弱的酸溶蚀力反而较大。这几种酸混合后对石灰岩颗粒的溶蚀作用并未比单个酸的作用强。乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸的溶蚀力大于盐酸。不管是有机酸还是盐酸,溶蚀石灰岩后溶液中钙离子浓度都呈对数增长,且与溶液pH值呈极显著正相关(P<0.0001);草酸反应液中的钙离子浓度与电导值呈极显著负相关(P<0.0001),其他种类酸溶液钙离子浓度则与电导值呈极显著正相关;除乙酸外,其他酸溶液电导值在反应初始阶段稍微下降后迅速上升。有机酸对石灰岩的溶蚀能力不仅与溶液中的H+和有机配位体浓度有关,而且与酸的类型、酸的强弱及反应后形成的盐的溶解度有关。     

煤矸石酸浸除铁实验研究

煤矸石已成为不容忽视的工业废弃物,以其为原料制备Sialon材料具有良好的生态效益和经济价值。煤矸石中铁含量过高将影响其煅烧粉的白度,故需将有害组分铁除去。文章在水浴加热的条件下,以盐酸为浸取液,以原子吸收光谱仪测定酸浸液中的溶铁量,逐一考察盐酸质量分数、浸出液固比、浸出温度和浸出时间对煤矸石除铁率的影响。每个因素在不同设值下平行测定3次并求其平均值,之后进一步验证最优工艺的稳定性。实验得出最佳工艺条件为:盐酸质量分数20%、浸出液固比4∶1、浸出温度60℃和浸出时间0.5 h,在该条件下煤矸石除铁率均值达94.4%。     

TA15钛合金与铝合金和结构钢接触腐蚀大气暴露试验研究

讨论了TA15钛合金与铝合金和结构钢接触后,在海南万宁大气试验站大气暴露的试验结果。3年的大气暴露试验显示,在海洋性大气环境下,2B06铝合金、16CrSiN i钢和30CrMnSiA钢无论与TA15钛合金接触与否,腐蚀都很严重,力学性能明显下降;对2B06铝合金进行阳极氧化,对16CrSiN i钢和30CrMnSiA钢进行氯化铵镀镉,可在一定程度上减缓腐蚀,但经过一定时间大气暴露,无论与TA15钛合金接触与否,都产生了严重腐蚀,力学性能明显下降;对2B06铝合金进行阳极氧化,对16CrSiN i钢和30CrMnSiA钢进行氯化铵镀镉,再喷涂1号航空底漆进行防护,可有效防止接触腐蚀。