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1.
FeS引发储油罐着火温度动态变化曲线的研究   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11  
储油罐着火事故被推测是由硫腐蚀产生的FeS氧化引起的.笔者阐述了储罐中FeS形成的原因,并采用自然发火绝热测试系统对FeS自然氧化进行19h的跟踪实验,观察FeS绝热氧化过程中温度动态变化特性.实验发现,FeS氧化由诱导氧化期、中速氧化期和加速氧化期3个阶段组成.诱导氧化期是积蓄能量,激发FeS活性的过程,试样温度基本未发生变化;中速氧化期是FeS试样表面的分子活性被激发,与FeS试样表面吸附的氧气发生氧化反应的过程,温度增加较慢;加速氧化期是FeS分子内部的活性被激活并进行氧化反应的过程,温度迅速升高.结果证明:随着反应的进行,温度随反应时间变化的幅度越来越大,氧化反应的反应热不能及时散开而急剧地积累,温度急剧地升高,将引起油品自燃.此外,通过X衍射图和氧化升温曲线证明,水是影响FeS氧化的重要因素.  相似文献   

2.
石脑油罐硫铁化合物自燃原因分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对一起石脑油罐硫化铁化合物自燃事故的经过和原因进行了分析,推断出发生在石脑油罐硫铁化合物自燃并非为FeS自燃,并提出了预防同类事故的防范措施.  相似文献   

3.
    
In order to evaluate the spontaneous combustion hazards of sulfurized rust in oil tanks, one kind of rust was obtained from respiratory valve inner cavity of a crude oil tank in a petrochemical company. The rust was sulfurized in sulfuration experimental apparatus. The production was analyzed by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and then thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The EDS result shows that the main substances are FeS and FeS2 which are liable to spontaneous combustion. The sulfurized rust gives a short length of side and diamond appearance, and a large pore size in structure based on X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The whole oxidation process has three complex stages. The corresponding apparent activation energy values, most probable mechanism functions and pre-exponential factor values were calculated by Madhusudanan–Krishnan–Ninan method and the master plot method. The results indicate that the first and third stages of mass loss are up to the power function mechanism, but the second stage accords with the nucleation and nucleus growth mechanism. The values of apparent activation energy increase successively from the first stage to the third stage. The second stage has the maximum pre-exponential factor value, while the first has the minimum. With the obtained parameters above, the oxidation process of sulfurised rust could be simulated, which would benefit for monitoring and early warning of oil tanks.  相似文献   

4.
石油贮罐硫自燃的化学机理和控制技术   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
根据硫化学、电化学和热化学原理,系统地分析研究了石油贮罐硫化物的形成和硫自燃的化学机理,探讨石油贮罐硫自燃控制技术,并提出了新的自然控制思路.笔者认为,化学反应、放热、热量积蓄是自燃条件,硫氧化、聚热、升温、着火为自燃的主要过程;控制硫自燃的主要技术有防止硫腐蚀、减少硫化物的氧化反应、加快散热和降低温度,而最有效的方法是电化学控制技术.  相似文献   

5.
为了研究不同自燃倾向性煤自燃特性变化规律,利用煤氧化动力学测定系统,测试了三种不同自燃性煤的氧化特征。结果表明:(1)单一气体生成量、耗氧量及耗氧速率均随着煤自燃性的增强而增大,且CO生成量和耗氧速率急剧上升的拐点温度与出现C_2H_4气体的温度相同。(2)CO、CO_2和C_2H_4产生率具有明显的阶段性,且前两种气体最大产生率所对应的温度相同;当不同自燃性煤的温度超过80℃时,两组指标CO/ΔO_2和CO/CO_2均迅速增大,表明其氧化反应加快。(3)在TG-DSC试验中,煤的氧化燃烧过程可分为5个阶段,对应于4种特征温度。其中过渡稳定阶段指煤的质量保持稳定,是失重到增重的过渡态,且不同自燃性煤每个阶段持续时间及阶段性特征温度存在显著差异。  相似文献   

6.
均压防灭火定量分析技术研究及其应用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
均压是防治煤矿自然发火的主要措施之一. 针对均压应用中的定性分析方法及两点式均压方法的不足,提出了均压防灭火定量分析技术并开发了与采空区相连两个工作面间均压的计算机摸拟计算程序.阐述了程序均压原理、内容及应用实例.这项技术具有创新性和应用推广价值,可以提高均压防灭火技术应用的经济性和安全性.  相似文献   

7.
    
The general purpose of this research was the determination of self-ignition tendency of thermally dried sewage sludge. Eight Spanish plants located in Madrid, Barcelona and Málaga were selected to develop this study and ten samples were collected. Three different testing methodologies for studying the self-ignition of dusts have been undertaken. Thermogravimetric techniques, self-ignition temperature analyses and UN Division 4.2 tests were developed. The results of these analyses showed the risk of self-ignition during storage and transportation of these substances.  相似文献   

8.
含硫油品储罐腐蚀产物自燃及其防治理论研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
含硫油品储罐内壁腐蚀产物(Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Fe(OH)3)与H2S反应生成硫化铁,硫化铁的氧化放热是引起储罐火灾的主要原因.实验模拟了油品储罐中硫化铁的生成,研究了在无氧条件下H2S气体与油品储罐内壁腐蚀产物的反应以及生成的硫化铁在自然环境下的氧化自燃性.结果表明,Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Fe(OH)3,以及它们的混合物经硫化后生成的硫化铁具有很高的自然氧化活性,在自然环境中,常温下能迅速和空气中的氧气反应并放出大量的热,热量积聚引起储罐火灾爆炸事故.在实验结论的基础上,提出了一些行之有效的安全防范措施.  相似文献   

9.
刘文奎 《火灾科学》1998,7(2):14-20
1990年以来,淮南矿区11个矿井共发生自燃火灾49起,自燃发火率平均为每百万吨习煤量0.53次。通过对该矿区井下煤炭自燃因素和地质条件及开采中出现的自燃发火原因作了具体分析,从中找出发火规律;并对井下煤层自燃发火采取均压通风和直接灭火做了新的尝试,提出了对井下煤炭自燃防治措施。  相似文献   

10.
    
Managing the oil and gas pipelines against corrosion is one of the major challenges of the oil and gas sector because of the complexities associated with the initiation, stabilization, and growth of the corrosion defects. The present research attempts to develop a model for predicting the maximum depth of pitting corrosion in oil and gas pipelines using SVM algorithm. In order to improve the SVM performance, Hybrid PSO and GA was utilized. Monte Carlo simulation was used to determine the time lapse for the pit depth growth. In order to implement the above modeling approaches and to prove their efficiency and accuracy against a large database, a total of 340 data samples for corrosion depth and rate are retrieved from the Iranian Oilfields. The performance of the new algorithm shows that it has higher stability and accuracy. In addition, the forecasting results of the new algorithm are compared with the 11 intelligent optimization algorithms, it shows that the novel hybrid algorithm has higher accuracy, better generalization ability, and stronger robustness. The coefficient of determination (R2) value in the testing phase for SVM-HGAPSO was estimated by 0.99. Proposed hybrid model and Monte-Carlo simulations pitting corrosion based on Poisson square wave process have been used to predict the time evolution of the mean value of the pit depth distribution for different categories of maximum pitting rates (low, moderate, high and sever). The models was validated with 4 field data for each of the pitting corrosion categories and the results agreed well. The pipelines under severe pitting corrosion rate were, more conservatively predicted by HGAPSO-SVR than those under low, moderate and high pitting corrosion rates. The results obtained demonstrate the potentials of this technique for the integrity management of corroded aged pipelines.  相似文献   

11.
黄泥灌浆防止采空区遗煤自燃的机理分析与应用   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10  
首次运用燃烧学和热力学的理论观点,从三个方面探讨了黄泥灌浆方法防止采空区遗煤自燃的作用机理,并通过应用实践研究肯定了该技术的防治效果。同时,提出综合治理才是当前防止采空区遗煤自燃的最佳选择  相似文献   

12.
含硫油品储罐自燃着火原因的研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
简述了储罐中硫化亚铁形成的过程和硫化亚铁引发储罐自燃的机理,并模拟储罐中硫化亚铁的形成过程,对其进行氧化实验,证明储罐腐蚀产物一硫化亚铁氧化放热是引发储罐着火的原因之一。  相似文献   

13.
The aim of this study is to propose an experimental methodology to detect incipient self-ignition processes in solid fuels. This methodology is based on the gases emissions of different solid fuels, varying the degree of compaction and the grain size of the materials. To achieve this goal, a procedure for the collection and analysis of the gases emitted by samples of various fuels has been developed, analysing the temperatures at which these emissions begin. The results obtained for different materials show that it is possible to detect incipient spontaneous combustion processes using measurements of CO and CO2 emissions during heating process, and then to set alarm thresholds based on the concentrations of these gases. Those results have been compared with results from conventional thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry tests and it is shown that the proposed methodology detect the self-ignition process start point in advance.  相似文献   

14.
本文主要对硫化矿石动态物理吸附氧、化学吸附氧及化学氧化反应过程进行了分析。利用程序升温氧化(TPO)实验方法,测试了不同种类的硫化矿石矿样在不同吸附时间、不同环境温度下氧化的总吸氧量,并对硫化矿石自燃过程动态吸附氧与其自燃倾向性之间的关系进行了探讨。实验表明:硫化矿石自燃过程吸附氧是一动态发展过程,随着温度的上升矿样吸附氧的量呈上升趋势,但这种趋势不是完全线性的,即当矿样温度加热到其自热起始温度以上时,加快了矿体的升温,矿样的吸氧量先有一上升的趋势,而后继续降低。  相似文献   

15.
基于程序升温氧化法的硫化矿石自燃倾向性研究   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3  
由于不同类型的硫化矿石氧化性不同,暴露在空气中的表面活性不同,其耗氧速率也不同。本文对几种硫化矿石矿样进行了程序升温氧化实验,获得了不同类型的硫化矿石矿样在氧化过程中的总吸氧量、自热起始温度与温度曲线。实验表明:硫化矿石氧化前期(矿样温度小于自热起始温度)氧化速度较慢,后期(矿样温度大于自热起始温度)氧化速度较快,说明当矿样温度加热到其自热起始温度以上时,矿样氧化放热量明显加大,加快了矿体的升温。  相似文献   

16.
以梁宝寺矿3号煤层为背景,采用色谱吸氧法和氧化动力法对其自燃倾向性进行了对比分析。同时,通过煤氧化升温热解实验对其升温过程中各气体随温度的变化规律进行了分析,以实验所得和灰色关联分析所得定性和定量相结合的方式,优选出了不同温度阶段煤自然发火预测预报所对应的第一、第二和第三预测指标,建立了煤自然发火预测预报体系,为有效抑制该矿及同类矿井火灾的发生具有重要意义。  相似文献   

17.
基于通风网络理论的采空区自燃过程数值模拟   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
把采空区多孔介质空间假想成由漏风通道组成的通风网络,各漏风分支的风阻则按采空区的实际特性给予赋值,然后采用通风网络理论、流体力学与传热学理论,对新集矿1307工作面采空区的简化模型进行了自燃过程的模拟.其模拟结果经实测与分析,证明是合理的.因此,采用该方法模拟采空区煤炭自燃过程是可行的,具有很高的实用价值.  相似文献   

18.
    
Possible changes in the oxidation behaviour of coal in the spontaneous combustion site of re-opened sealed heating were studied. Two samples of bituminous coal and three types of coal pre-treatment procedures were applied to simulate in situ conditions at the “spon-com” site: i) pre-oxidation of coal, ii) pre-heating of coal under inert gas, and iii) immersion of pre-heated coal in liquid water. Pre-treated samples were then examined for the production rate of the indication gases evolved during oxidation and for oxidation heat effects. Two main conclusions were drawn with respect to oxidation of the coal in re-opened sealed heating: i) carbon monoxide and unsaturated hydrocarbons maintain their relevance as spontaneous combustion indication gases, however, increased production of both carbon oxides can be expected; ii) coal in the extinguished spontaneous combustion site gains increased susceptibility to the self-heating process.  相似文献   

19.
    
This study presents a quantitative analysis and interpretation of the variation in oil tank fire flame lengths for different oil tank sizes, top cover widths, and horizontal air flow velocities. The experimental results show that, at first, the flame length rises slowly with an increase in air flow speed. Then, once over a critical speed (0.6 m/s), the flame length decreases significantly with a further increase in air flow speed. Based on the characteristic length, a new dimensionless heat release rate is obtained, allowing the correlation between flame length, air flow speed, and dimensionless heat release rate to be calculated, which can be used to predict the flame length of an oil tank fire under different air flow speeds, lip heights, and cover widths.  相似文献   

20.
为确定瑞安矿煤堆自燃的环境风速,提高煤堆自燃的预判能力,使用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0数值仿真软件,开展了5个不同尺寸分别在孔隙率0.2~0.6和环境风速0.05 m/s~13 m/s条件下堆放180 d的自热-自燃过程数值模拟。结果表明,煤堆自燃风速范围因孔隙率和堆放参数不同而异,孔隙率越小煤堆的自燃风速范围越宽,且最小、最易、最大自燃风速与孔隙率之间具有幂函数关系;影响煤堆最小、最易、最大自燃风速显著的参数分别为顶宽、底宽、高度、角度和孔隙率、孔隙率、高度和孔隙率,并构建了三个自燃风速的合理解算方程。  相似文献   

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