废聚乙烯的油化工艺

综述了废聚乙烯的热解,催化解热,催化性质等油化工艺,讨论了油化工中存在的问题,对各种工艺进行了技术经济评价,指出废聚乙烯热解制蜡是一种较有发展前任的处理工艺。     

废塑料液化制油技术通过评估

正"废塑料液化制油技术产油率可达到80%,固体废渣能进行无害化处理,整个过程不产生二恶英,无二次污染,实现了废塑料液态制油的技术突破。"在日前由中国石油和化学工业联合会组织召开的技术评估会上,与会专家宣读了对废塑料液化制油技术的评估意见。     

废镀锡电线电缆的再生新技术

研究了可一步实现废镀锡电线电缆资源化的新方法。废镀锡电线电缆在真空条件下热解液化的同时,利用离心分离的方法将熔化的锡分离出来。实验后得到铜线、含锡碳渣、热解油、热解气。热解油可作为化工原料或进一步加工成燃料,少量不可凝的热解气体经碱液吸收后收集,以便循环利用。     

热解温度对青霉素菌渣热解产物的影响

将青霉素菌渣在400~700 ℃进行热解,研究了产物中热解炭、热解油及气体的产率,以及热解油的组成变化。实验结果表明：600 ℃时热解油产率最高,随着温度升高,热解炭的产率降低,气体的产率升高;热解油中含量最高的是含氧化合物,在400 ℃时质量分数达到最高值69.69%,含氧化合物的含量随着热解温度的升高而降低,酸和醇类是热解油中含量最多的含氧化合物;含氮有机化合物的质量分数随着热解温度的升高而升高,在700 ℃时达到最高值30.64%,酰胺、吡啶、吲哚、含氮杂环是主要的含氮有机化合物。     

油炭浆返烧制气生产试验

以重油为原料的氮肥厂,炭黑水的重油萃取和油炭浆的返烧制气,前几年始终是一个较大的问题。返烧制气的关键是油炭浆带水过多,造气有困难。我厂在国内外文献调查的基础上,采取控制油炭浆水份在一定范围内,尽量分离其夹带水份和乳化夹带水份等措施,经试烧试验后,从1980年8月到1981年4月,经过八个月的生产试验,在分离油炭浆水份和乳化含水油炭浆方面取得了较好的结果。在取得经济效果的同时,实现了净化水的循环使用,控制了炭黑水对环境的污染。现将试验情况总结如     

制氧厂废氮气的综合利用装置

该实用新型专利涉及一种制氧厂废氮气的综合利用装置。在用氧气底吹炉炼铅时，制氧厂的伴生气体氮气除用来作氧枪保护气外，还可在其它方面得以综合利用。该装置包括输氮总管、仪表用气管路、输送铅烟灰的气化喷射泵供气管路、氧枪供氮的储气罐、气动振打储气罐供气管路、清灰供气管路，在输氮总管与仪表用气管路、输送铅烟灰的气化喷射泵供气管路、气动振打储气罐供气管路、     

水稻秸秆生物炭-过硫酸盐去除水中p-硝基酚

以水稻秸秆为原料制备了多种生物炭,运用BET和FTIR等技术对其进行了表征,研究了生物炭-过硫酸盐体系对水中p-硝基酚的去除效果。与热解温度和时间相比,供氧量对生物炭活化过硫酸盐性能的影响更为显著,足氧条件下的活化性能显著降低;500℃缺氧条件下热解1 h制备的生物炭(RS500-1)对过硫酸盐具有良好的活化性能,可以实现p-硝基酚的高效去除,生物炭与过硫酸盐之间存在显著的协同作用。初始溶液pH和反应温度对p-硝基酚的去除效果影响很小;在RS500-1投加量1.0 g/L、过硫酸盐投加量5 mmol/L、反应温度25℃、不调节初始溶液pH的优化条件下,240 min时p-硝基酚的去除率可达70%以上。     

用污水处理厂脱水污泥制备含炭吸附剂

以污水处理厂脱水污泥为原料，分别采用炭化法、物理活化法和化学活化法制备了含炭吸附剂。采用化学活化法制备的含炭吸附剂性能最好，热解温度为450℃时，含炭吸附剂的碘吸附值为313．9mg／g，吸附剂收率为64．36％。采用ZnCl2为活化剂，所制备的含炭吸附剂的性能优于H2SO4，KOH，H3PO4作为活化剂。经正交实验得出的最佳实验条件为：ZnCl2浓度3mol／L，干污泥与活化剂溶液质量比1：4．0，热解温度450℃，热解时间1．5h。制备含炭吸附剂的干污泥粒径以0．6～0．9mm为宜。组合活化剂的效果好于ZnCl2溶液，最佳的组合活化剂为ZnCl2＋H2SO4（体积比为3：1）。含炭吸附剂的孔径分布较宽，微孔所占比例较小，以中孔为主，比表面积较小。     

废印制线路板真空热解产物分析

在自行设计的间歇式固定床真空热解装置中热解废印制线路板(PCB),对热解产物进行了分析.在热解温度为550 ℃、热解压力为20 kPa、恒温时间为60 min的条件下,得到的热解产物质量分数为:热解渣70%;热解油3%～4%;不可冷凝热解气26%～27%.经气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析,热解油经常压蒸馏后得到的低沸点液态油中含有29种化合物,主要有苯酚、对异丙基酚、3-乙基酚、4-甲酚及2-溴苯酚,还含有少量含溴化合物和含氯化合物.热解油经简单的蒸馏就可达到回收酚类化合物的目的.热解渣经风选可实现铜与黏附有碳黑的玻璃纤维的分离,其中铜质量分数约30%,黏附有碳黑的玻璃纤维质量分数约70%.     

废轮胎热解回收中的废气综合利用

废轮胎热裂解以回收热解油和热解炭黑为主,热解油可作为燃料直接出售;热解炭黑经研磨、改性和造粒后可代替工业炭黑或与工业炭黑并用,可用作轮胎的生产原料;而热解后产生的不可降凝(废气)热解气富含H_2,CO和碳氢化合物,是一种高热值的热源。因此,热解气是价值较高的副产品,经过不同途径充分利用,不仅可以彻底地消除废旧轮胎热解过程所产生的废气污染,其产物更可以弥补石化能源的石油液化气和天然气的不足,变废为宝。     

利用煤矸石制取钛白粉的试验研究

论述了利用煤矸石制取钛白粉的可行性,井对焙烧温度、反应温度、pH值、水解、水洗操作、盐处理及煅烧等影响因素进行了分析.对所制钛白粉进行的质量检验结果表明,用煤矸石制取钛白粉是一种切实可行的方法.     

Study of fine sediments for making lightweight aggregate.

The objective of this study was to investigate the recycling of the fine sediments of Shih-Men Reservoir to manufacture lightweight aggregate. By qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fine sediment and sintered aggregate through soil test, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, a strategy of recycling fine sediment as aggregate for other similar material is proposed. The test results indicate that such fine sediment can be classified as low plastic clay, and clay of such chemical composition is located in the Riley's 'area of bloating'. The particle density of sintered lightweight aggregate decreases when the sintering temperature increases especially above 1200 degrees C due to phase transformation and formation of a vitrified layer on the surface through subsequent dehydration, bloating and collapsing stages. Our findings show that the fine sediment of Shin-Men Reservoir could be a suitable raw material for making expanded lightweight aggregate sintered at 1200 to 1300 degrees C for 10 to 12 min by a programmable furnace and a diffusion process.     

制皂工业废水处理新工艺

介绍了用脱硫-混凝-膜过滤处理制皂工业废水的新工艺,并就担任条件的变化对试验结果的影响进行了分析和探讨。     

废旧电池回收利用产业化的若干思考

对废旧电池处置不当既污染环境又浪费资源,我国在废旧电池处理方面,应走产业化回收利用的道路,提出了一些具体的建议.     

New technology and application of brick making with coal fly ash

China has ranked first in the coal fly ash emission in the world. The multipurpose use of the fly ash from power plant waste is always an important topic for the Chinese environmental protection, which has drawn the concern of the government, scientific research departments, manufacturing enterprises and industry experts. This paper introduces an experimental research on how to recycle fly ash effectively, a kind of new technology of making bricks by which fly ash content could be amounted to 50–80 %. The article introduces raw materials of fly ash brick, production process and key control points. It introduces how to change the technical parameters of the existing brick-making mechanical device, optimize the parameters combination and improve the device performance. High-content fly ash bricks are manufactured, which selects wet fly ash from power plants, adding aggregate with reasonable ratio and additives with reasonable dosage, and do the experimental research on manufactured products for properties, production technology and selection about technology parameters of production equipment. All indexes of strength grade, freezing-thawing resisting, and other standards of the studied bricks reached the national standards for building materials industry.     

Effects of using arsenic–iron sludge wastes in brick making

The arsenic–iron sludge generated in most of the treatment systems around the world is discharged into the nearest watercourse, which leads to accumulative rise of arsenic and iron concentrations in water. In this study, attempts were made to use the arsenic–iron sludge in making bricks and to analyze the corresponding effects on brick properties. The water treatment plant sludge is extremely close to brick clay in chemical composition. So, the sludge could be a potential substitute for brick clay. This study involved the addition of sludge with ratios 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% of the total weight of sludge–clay mixture. The physical and chemical properties of the produced bricks were then determined and evaluated and compared to control brick made entirely from clay. Results of different tests indicated that the sludge proportion and firing temperature were the two key factors in determining the quality of bricks. The compressive strength of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% sludge containing brick samples were found to be 14.1 MPa, 15.1 MPa, 9.4 MPa and 7.1 MPa, respectively. These results indicate that the compressive strength of prepared bricks initially increased and then decreased with the increase of sludge proportion. Leaching characteristics of burnt bricks were determined with the variation of pH at a constant temperature. The optimum amount of sludge that could be mixed with clay to produce good bonding of clay–sludge bricks was found to be 6% (safely maximum) by weight.     

用蒸压法制备新型粉煤灰水泥的研究

以粉煤灰、石灰为主要原料,经混合料制备、成型、蒸压、低温焙烧、粉磨工艺制备的新型水泥既具有普通水泥的胶凝特性,又同时具有水化热低、后期强度高的特点,对过程工艺参数、物料配比对新型水泥的质量影响进行了研究,该工艺有望为粉煤灰在水泥行业的规模化利用提供技术支持.     

烟气脱硫用干、湿式制浆系统的比较

~~烟气脱硫用干、湿式制浆系统的比较@黄杰明$湛江发电厂!广东湛江524099~~~~     

利用活化粉煤灰处理造纸废水的研究

通过正交试验，对粉煤灰处理造纸废水的影响因素进行了研究。研究结果表明：对粉煤灰进行活化，能增加其对造纸废水COD的去除效果；最佳的试验设计方案为：粉煤灰经40％硫酸活化、粒度160—200目、投加量为30g／100ml；影响COD去除率的大小顺序为：投加量影响最大，粒度次之，活化方式影响最小。