Variability of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations and their driving forces over Chinese megacities during 2018-2020

Recently,air pollution especially?ne particulate matters (PM_2.5) and ozone (O₃) has become a severe issue in China.In this study,we?rst characterized the temporal trends of PM_2.5and O₃for Beijing,Guangzhou,Shanghai,and Wuhan respectively during 2018-2020.The annual mean PM_2.5has decreased by 7.82%-33.92%,while O₃concentration showed insigni?cant variations by-6.77%-4.65%during 2018-2020.The generalized additive models (GAMs) were ...     

Relationships between chemical elements of PM2.5 and O3 in Shanghai atmosphere based on the 1-year monitoring observation

Mass level of fine particles (PM_2.5) in main cities in China has decreased significantly in recent years due to implementation of Chinese Clean Air Action Plan since 2013, however, O₃ pollution is getting worse than before, especially in megacities such as in Shanghai. In this work, O₃ and PM_2.5 were continuously monitored from May 27, 2018 to March 31, 2019. Our data showed that the annual average concentration of PM_2.5 and O₃ (O₃-8 hr, maximum 8-hour moving average of ozone days) was 39.35 ± 35.74 and 86.49 ± 41.65 µg/m³, respectively. The concentrations of PM_2.5 showed clear seasonal trends, with higher concentrations in winter (83.36 ± 18.66 µg/m³) and lower concentrations in summer (19.85 ± 7.23 µg/m³), however, the seasonal trends of O₃ were different with 103.75 ± 41.77 µg/m³ in summer and 58.59 ± 21.40 µg/m³ in winter. Air mass backward trajectory, analyzing results of potential source contribution function model and concentration weighted trajectory model implied that pollutants from northwestern China contributed significantly to the mass concentration of Shanghai PM_2.5, while pollutants from areas of eastern coastal provinces and South China Sea contributed significantly to the mass level of ozone in Shanghai atmosphere. Mass concentration of twenty-one elements in the PM_2.5 were investigated, and their relationships with O₃ were analyzed. Mass level of ozone had good correlation with that of Ba (r = 0.64, p < 0.05) and V (r = 0.30, p > 0.05), suggesting vehicle emission pollutants contribute to the increasing concentration of ozone in Shanghai atmosphere.     

BP网络框架下MODIS气溶胶光学厚度产品估算中国东部PM2.5

近年来随着中国经济的快速发展,中国区域的大气污染情况日趋严重,大气污染监测与治理已刻不容缓.由于卫星遥感具有较广的空间覆盖、成本低等优点,卫星遥感反演气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品被普遍认为是地面PM2.5浓度的重要指标,且已被广泛地应用于地面PM2.5遥感监测.利用2007～2008年的MODIS/Terra气溶胶光学厚度产品,考虑中国东部地区5个大气成分站点风速、风向、温度、湿度和边界层高度等气象数据,构建后向(BP)神经网络,提出了基于MODIS AOD产品估算PM2.5的模型.利用5个大气成分站点PM2.5观测数据对模型进行散点拟合和时间序列拟合验证,结果表明:①从PM2.5观测值与估算值的散点回归分析来看,PM2.5估算值与观测值相关系数最好的为庐山站(R=0.6),其它4个站次之,但其相关系数均在0.4(中强相关)以上;②从PM2.5观测值与估算值的时间序列比对分析来看,PM2.5估算值和观测值差值随时间变化而变化,且存在明显的日际振荡现象,但经相邻5 d滑动平均处理,5个站点的PM2.5估算值与观测值相关系数得到普遍提升,滑动后的相关系数RMA均在0.7以上(除郑州外),庐山RMA达到0.83.结果表明在BP网络框架下,基于MODIS AOD产品估算PM2.5的模型能较好地应用于PM2.5监测.     

基于地理加权模型的我国冬季PM2.5遥感估算方法研究

为了分析冬季我国区域范围内近地面PM_(2.5)质量浓度时空分布特征,根据卫星遥感反演PM_(2.5)质量浓度的基本原理,综合考虑我国不同地区的PM_(2.5)污染特征的空间差异性,基于卫星遥感、气象模式资料及同期地面观测的PM_(2.5)质量浓度数据采用地理加权模型进行回归分析,研究构建了我国区域范围内近地面PM_(2.5)遥感反演模型.结果表明:在冬季暗像元反演AOD算法受限制的情况下,深蓝算法产品可以一定程度上弥补暗像元算法的不足,将二者有效融合能同时提高AOD产品的精度和空间覆盖度;利用地理加权回归模型进行全国区域PM_(2.5)遥感估算,既能体现全国PM_(2.5)时空分布的全局变化特性,又能从局部体现全国PM_(2.5)组分、污染程度及垂直分布结构特征的空间差异特性,基于地理加权回归模型的PM_(2.5)遥感反演结果(R2=0.7)明显优于多元线性回归模型(R2=0.56);2013年12月—2014年2月份全国PM_(2.5)空间分布呈现明显的区域特征,PM_(2.5)浓度较高的地方主要分布在华北南部、长三角中部和北部、华中东部及四川东部等地,西部和北部地区PM_(2.5)污染相对较轻;从时间变化来看,全国冬季12月份PM_(2.5)污染最重,1月份次之,2月份相对最低.这可为全国PM_(2.5)区域联防联控提供有力的信息支撑.     

北京典型跑步区域空气污染特征及跑步者呼吸暴露

为研究北京市跑步人群运动过程中主要空气污染物的人体呼吸暴露情况,根据2016年4月、7月、10月和2017年1月北京典型的公园跑步区域(天坛公园、奥体中心)、路跑区域(前门东大街、永定内大街)、背景区域(定陵)PM_(2.5)、CO、O3和NO2等污染物在线监测站点数据,分析各污染物的质量浓度时空变化特征,并对102位跑步爱好者进行调查,采用人体呼吸暴露数值模型,研究跑步爱好者污染物吸入剂量的时空差异.结果表明,典型跑步区域CO、NO2和PM_(2.5)浓度冬季高,春季和夏季较低,O3浓度则呈现春季和夏季高、秋季和冬季低;下午时段(16:00~18:00)CO、NO2、PM_(2.5)浓度较低,早晨(06:00~08:00)和晚上(18:00~20:00)时段O3浓度较低,适宜跑步;道路与邻近公园的污染物浓度呈线性相关,CO路侧浓度与公园内基本一致(c路/c园=1.01,R2=0.93),NO2和PM_(2.5)路侧浓度较公园内高,c路/c园分别为0.56和1.19,O3浓度路侧低于公园内(c路/c园=0.74,R2=0.97);92%的跑步爱好者在中度及以上污染天气情况下停止户外运动,选择在公园内和晚上跑步的跑者占比分别为62.7%和66.7%,64.7%的跑者单次跑步里程在10~20 km;下午和晚上跑步时个体的CO、NO2、PM_(2.5)吸入剂量较晨跑低,但O3吸入剂量较高,春季、夏季夜跑时可选择20:00以后时段,能降低O3吸入剂量;路跑条件下个体的CO、NO2和PM_(2.5)的吸入剂量总体要高于公园跑,但O3吸入剂量刚好相反.     

Distribution and chemical speciation of arsenic in different sized atmospheric particulate matters

The distribution and chemical speciation of arsenic (As) in different sized atmospheric particulate matters (PMs), including total suspended particles (TSP), PM₁₀, and PM_2.5, collected from Baoding, China were analyzed. The average total mass concentrations of As in TSP, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 were 31.5, 35.3, and 54.1 µg/g, respectively, with an order of PM_2.5 >PM ₁₀ > TSP, revealing that As is prone to accumulate on fine particles. Due to the divergent toxicities of different As species, speciation analysis of As in PMs is further conducted. Most of previous studies mainly focused on inorganic arsenite (iAs^III), inorganic arsenate (iAs^V), monomethylarsonate (MMA), and dimethylarsinate (DMA) in PMs, while the identification and sensitive quantification of trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) were rarely reported. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system was optimized for As speciation including TMAO in PMs. An anion exchange column was used to separate MMA, DMA and iAs^V, while a cation exchange column to separate TMAO and iAs^III. Results showed that iAs^V was the dominate component in all the samples, corresponding to a portion of 79.2% ± 9.3% of the total extractable species, while iAs^III, TMAO and DMA made up the remaining 21%. Our study demonstrated that iAs^III accounted for about 14.4% ± 11.4% of the total extracted species, with an average concentration of 1.7 ± 1.6 ng/m³. It is worth noting that TMAO was widely present in the samples (84 out of 97 samples), which supported the assumption that TMAO was ubiquitous in atmospheric particles.     

VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets based on response surface model: A case study in the Pearl River Delta Region, China

Because of the recent growth in ground-level ozone and increased emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), VOC emission control has become a major concern in China. In response, emission caps to control VOC have been stipulated in recent policies, but few of them were constrained by the co-control target of PM_2.5 and ozone, and discussed the factor that influence the emission cap formulation. Herein, we proposed a framework for quantification of VOC emission caps constrained by targets for PM_2.5 and ozone via a new response surface modeling (RSM) technique, achieving 50% computational cost savings of the quantification. In the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, the VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets varied greatly with the NO_x emission reduction level. If control measures in the surrounding areas of the PRD region were not considered, there could be two feasible strategies for VOC emission caps to meet air quality targets (160 µg/m³ for the maximum 8-hr-average 90th-percentile (MDA8-90%) ozone and 25 µg/m³ for the annual average of PM_2.5): a moderate VOC emission cap with <20% NOx emission reductions or a notable VOC emission cap with >60% NO_x emission reductions. If the ozone concentration target were reduced to 155 µg/m³, deep NO_x emission reductions is the only feasible ozone control measure in PRD. Optimization of seasonal VOC emission caps based on the Monte Carlo simulation could allow us to gain higher ozone benefits or greater VOC emission reductions. If VOC emissions were further reduced in autumn, MDA8-90% ozone could be lowered by 0.3-1.5 µg/m³, equaling the ozone benefits of 10% VOC emission reduction measures. The method for VOC emission cap quantification and optimization proposed in this study could provide scientific guidance for coordinated control of regional PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution in China.     

Pollution levels and characteristics of phthalate esters in indoor air of offices

The pollution status and characteristics of PAEs (phthalate esters) were investigated in indoor air of offices, and PAEs of both gas-phase and particulate-phase were detected in all the samples. The concentration (sum of the gas phase and the particulate phase) was 4748.24 ng/m³, ranging between 3070.09 and 6700.14 ng/m³. Diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the most abundant compounds, together accounting for 70% of the ∑ 6PAEs. Dividing the particulate-phase PAEs into four size ranges (< 2.5, 2.5–5, 5–10, > 10 μm), the result indicated that PAEs in PM_2.5 were the most abundant, with the proportion of 72.64%. In addition, the PAE concentration in PM_2.5 correlated significantly with the total particulate-phase PAEs (R² = 0.85). Thus, the amount of PAEs in PM_2.5 can be estimated from the total amount of particulate-phase PAEs using this proportion. In a comparison between the offices and a newly decorated study room, it was found that pollution characteristics were similar between these two places. Thus, it is implied that the PAE concentration decreased by 50% 2 yr after decorating.     

Influence of urban spatial and socioeconomic parameters on PM2.5 at subdistrict level: A land use regression study in Shenzhen, China

The intraurban distribution of PM_2.5 concentration is influenced by various spatial, socioeconomic, and meteorological parameters. This study investigated the influence of 37 parameters on monthly average PM_2.5 concentration at the subdistrict level with Pearson correlation analysis and land-use regression (LUR) using data from a subdistrict-level air pollution monitoring network in Shenzhen, China. Performance of LUR models is evaluated with leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV) and holdout cross-validation (holdout CV). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that Normalized Difference Built-up Index, artificial land fraction, land surface temperature, and point-of-interest (POI) numbers of factories and industrial parks are significantly positively correlated with monthly average PM_2.5 concentrations, while Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Green View Factor show significant negative correlations. For the sparse national stations, robust LUR modelling may rely on a priori assumptions in direction of influence during the predictor selection process. The month-by-month spatial regression shows that RF models for both national stations and all stations show significantly inflated mean values of R² compared with cross-validation results. For MLR models, inflation of both R² and R²_CV was detected when using only national stations and may indicate the restricted ability to predict spatial distribution of PM_2.5 levels. Inflated within-sample R² also exist in the spatiotemporal LUR models developed with only national stations, although not as significant as spatial LUR models. Our results suggest that a denser subdistrict level air pollutant monitoring network may improve the accuracy and robustness in intraurban spatial/spatiotemporal prediction of PM_2.5 concentrations.     

Survival of Norovirus Surrogate on Various Food-Contact Surfaces

Norovirus (NoV) is an environmental threat to humans, which spreads easily from one infected person to another, causing foodborne and waterborne diseases. Therefore, precautions against NoV infection are important in the preparation of food. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of murine norovirus (MNV), as a NoV surrogate, on six different food-contact surfaces: ceramic, wood, rubber, glass, stainless steel, and plastic. We inoculated 10⁵ PFU of MNV onto the six different surface coupons that were then kept at room temperature for 28 days. On the food-contact surfaces, the greatest reduction in MNV was 2.28 log₁₀ PFU/coupon, observed on stainless steel, while the lowest MNV reduction was 1.29 log₁₀ PFU/coupon, observed on wood. The rank order of MNV reduction, from highest to lowest, was stainless steel, plastic, rubber, glass, ceramic, and wood. The values of d _R (time required to reduce the virus by 90 %) on survival plots of MNV determined by a modified Weibull model were 277.60 h (R ² = 0.99) on ceramic, 492.59 h (R ² = 0.98) on wood, 173.56 h on rubber (R ² = 0.98), 97.18 h (R ² = 0.94) on glass, 91.76 h (R ² = 0.97) on stainless steel, and 137.74 h (R ² = 0.97) on plastic. The infectivity of MNV on all food-contact surfaces remained after 28 days. These results show that MNV persists in an infective state on various food-contact surfaces for long periods. This study may provide valuable information for the control of NoV on various food-contact surfaces, in order to prevent foodborne disease.     

北京市夏季不同O3和PM2.5污染状况研究

从天气背景场、气象要素、前体物和PM_(2.5)化学组分、气团运动轨迹以及大气氧化性等方面对北京市夏季两种不同的O_3和PM_(2.5)污染状况进行了分析.结果表明,O_3达到中度污染而PM_(2.5)浓度优良(O_3和PM_(2.5)一高一低)污染状况的天气形势场为:高空为偏西北气流,地面受高压后部控制;而O_3和PM_(2.5)同时达到中度污染(O_3和PM_(2.5)两高)的天气形势场为:高空为偏西气流,地面受低压控制.与O_3和PM_(2.5)一高一低污染状况相比,O_3和PM_(2.5)两高时的气象要素特征为:偏南风更为明显和相对湿度更高.O_3和PM_(2.5)两高时污染物浓度演变特征为,O_3和PM_(2.5)的起始浓度较高,PM_(2.5)日变化特征更为明显,而O_3平均浓度却低于O_3和PM_(2.5)一高一低的污染状况.前体物、大气氧化性以及PM_(2.5)化学组分分析的结果表明,较高的起始浓度在不利气象条件下的积累和吸湿增长以及当天较大偏南风造成的区域传输可能是造成O_3和PM_(2.5)两高污染状况中PM_(2.5)浓度达到四级中度污染的主要原因.     

基于空间插值的西安市重空气污染期间主要污染物时空变化特征及相关性分析

西安市是我国承东启西、连接南北的战略性枢纽城市,但其长期受到重空气污染的影响.基于2018年11月24日-12月3日西安市及其周边7个地级市共38个环境质量监测站点的逐时数据,利用空间插值、趋势分析和相关性分析方法,研究了西安市一次重空气污染期间六大污染物（PM_2.5、PM₁₀、CO、NO₂、SO₂和O₃）的质量浓度时空变化及彼此间的相关关系.结果表明:①IDW（inverse distance weighting,反距加权插值法）和OKri（ordinary Kriging,普通克里格插值法）均能较好地获得西安市空气污染物的时空变化情况,但IDW的插值精度优于OKri,距离指数为7的IDW可以满足西安市空气污染物时空变化模拟的要求.②研究期间,西安市首要污染物为PM_2.5和PM₁₀,二者分别是中度-重度污染及严重-"爆表"污染天气的首要贡献因子.③ρ（PM_2.5）、ρ（PM₁₀）、ρ（CO）、ρ（NO₂）和ρ（SO₂）均呈中部高、两边低,北部高、南部低的空间分布特点,而ρ（O₃）则相反;PM_2.5、PM₁₀、O₃污染程度日趋严重,NO₂污染程度逐渐缓解.④ρ（PM_2.5）、ρ（NO₂）、ρ（CO）之间呈中等正相关,三者在时空变化上具有较高的一致性;ρ（SO₂）与ρ（PM_2.5）、ρ（NO₂）、ρ（CO）均呈弱正相关;ρ（O₃）与ρ（NO₂）、ρ（CO）均呈弱负相关.受扬尘天气和特殊风向及地形共同影响,西安市PM₁₀出现"爆表"现象,导致ρ（PM₁₀）与其他污染物质量浓度之间的相关性不明显.研究显示,距离指数为7的IDW适合西安市空气污染情况时空变化的模拟,重污染天气条件下,西安市ρ（PM_2.5）、ρ（NO₂）、ρ（CO）之间具有较高的同源性,但各污染物间时空变化和相关性关系较复杂.      

西安地区PM2.5中环境持久性自由基(EPFRs)性质及来源研究

环境持久性自由基(environmental persistent free radicals, EPFRs)是一种近年来备受关注的环境风险物质,可能会危害人体健康.本研究利用溶剂萃取方法从西安市大气PM_(2.5)样品中分离出物质,运用电子顺磁共振波谱(EPR)技术分析了不同大气污染状况下大气PM_(2.5)样品及类黑碳成分中EPFRs的种类和含量,并分别测定PM_(2.5)和类黑碳成分催化H_2O_2产生羟基自由基的能力.结果表明:PM_(2.5)中的EPFRs约有85%～90%是由类黑碳成分产生的.可见光照(400～700 nm)前后,PM_(2.5)样品中EPFRs的含量增加10%～20%.此外,实验结果亦表明PM_(2.5)中能催化H_2O_2产生羟基自由基的物质主要是PM_(2.5)中水溶性物质而不是类黑碳.大气PM_(2.5)中的EPFRs没有显著催化H_2O_2产生羟基自由基的能力,也不能将O_2分子转化为活性氧物质.     

2014—2016年海口市空气质量概况及预报效果检验

本文主要基于CUACE模式在海口市的预报产品,结合2014年3月—2017年2月海口市AQI、PM_2.5、PM₁₀和O₃的实况资料进行预报效果检验.结果表明,①近3年海口市空气质量等级主要以优和良为主,但仍有少部分天数以PM₁₀、PM_2.5和O₃为首要污染物,分别占所有首要污染物天数的27.6%、29.5%和42.9%,其中O₃上升幅度较快.②CUACE模式能较好的模拟出AQI和3类污染物浓度的变化特征,其中PM_2.5的预报值与实测值最为接近,而PM₁₀和O₃普遍偏低.③日平均浓度的预报效果检验表明,PM_2.5的标准误差（RMSE）最小,AQI和PM₁₀次之,O₃最大.3个时次预报平均偏差（MB）和归一化偏差（MNB）均为负值,表明CUACE模式预报的污染要素浓度均偏低于实测值.④海口市空气质量为优等级时,TS评分最高;无首要污染物时,首要污染物预报的TS评分最高,但首要污染物为PM_2.5、PM₁₀或O₃时,TS评分均偏低.     

基于时间序列分解的京津冀区域PM2.5和O3空间分布特征

京津冀区域大气污染分布呈现明显的空间差异,厘清不同时间尺度下PM_2.5和O₃浓度分布有助于制定科学有效的污染防控措施.采用STL方法分解PM_2.5和O₃浓度,获取长期分量、季节分量和短期分量,研究其变化趋势与空间分布特征.结果表明,2017～2021年京津冀区域PM_2.5浓度下降幅度高于O₃,春、夏季PM_2.5和O₃浓度呈正相关,秋、冬季呈现负相关,短期分量和季节分量分别对PM_2.5和O₃浓度的贡献最大. PM_2.5的季节分量、短期分量以及O₃的长期分量和短期分量均存在2个主成分,对应河北省中南部和京津冀区域北部,在不同时间尺度上京津冀区域PM_2.5和O₃均存在次区域分布.与原始序列相比,长期分量能够更好地反映PM_2.5和O₃浓度的演变趋势...     

PM2.5和O3污染协同防控区的遥感精细划定与分析

针对地面站点监测数据难以支撑大气PM_2.5与O₃污染防控区边界划定的问题,融合大气污染浓度遥感估算建模与GIS统计分析模型,提出了一种基于PM_2.5和O₃浓度遥感估算结果的协同防控区精细划定方法,开展了2015~2020年月和年尺度的全国PM_2.5与O₃污染协同防控成效定量分析与防控区精细划定研究.结果表明,2015~2020年,我国PM_2.5浓度总体下降显著但O₃浓度基本持平,PM_2.5污染在秋冬超标严重,O₃污染则在春夏;同时PM_2.5与O₃浓度变化在空间上的不一致性显著,其中PM_2.5下降且O₃上升、PM_2.5与O₃均下降、PM_2.5与O₃均上升和PM_2.5上升O₃下降的面积占比分别为38.34%、35.12%、15.24%和10.89%.遥感精细划定范围显示,PM_2.5和O₃协同防控区域的边界具有显著动态变化特征,在时间变化上呈现先扩大后缩小的趋势,主体范围集中在"2+26"城市、汾渭平原、长三角北部和山东半岛.以PM_2.5或O₃单一防控为主的区域范围较为稳定,辽吉、鄂湘赣、成渝和塔克拉玛干沙漠-河西走廊区域需以PM_2.5防控为主,珠三角、长三角和环渤海湾部分区域则应以O₃防控为主.基于卫星遥感手段的PM_2.5和O₃协同防控区域边界精细划定方法可更好辅助国家PM_2.5和O₃协同防控策略制定需求.     

京津冀污染物跨界输送通量模拟

发展了关键影响因子加权人为源分配方法(WKIF),增添了依赖于气象条件和下垫面类型的生物源,动态更新了气象场和浓度场的边界条件.然后利用WRF-CAMx模式定量给出了四季北京、天津和河北大气边界层中PM2.5、O3、CO、SO2、NO2和NO跨界输送通量和北京净输入或输出通量.结果表明WKIF方法合理反映了中小城市人为源的空间分布特征,模式重要输入参量、初值与边界条件的改进显著改善了WRF-CAMx模式对京津冀地区6个观测站点近地面NOx、O3和PM2.5浓度的模拟.北京向天津冬、春季主要通过西北方向,夏、秋季主要经过偏西方向输入NO、NO2、SO2、CO、O3、PM2.5,输送通量夏季均最小,冬季均最大,且四季北京向天津输入的CO、O3、PM2.5通量显著高于NO、NO2、SO2通量.河北的污染物冬、春季主要通过西北方向,夏季主要经由偏南方向,秋季主要途径偏西方向进入北京;四季北京向河北输入NO和NO2,但跨界输送通量小于20t·d-1;四季河北向北京输入的CO、O3、PM2.5通量远高于北京向河北输送的NO、NO2通量,明显大于北京向河北输送的SO2通量,且河北向北京输入CO、O3、PM2.5通量夏季均最小,冬季均最大;四季北京大气边界层中NO、NO2、SO2最大净输出通量小于50t.d-1,CO、O3、PM2.5净输入或输出通量分别为111～2309、567～6244、715～1778t·d-1.这些定量结果为京津冀区域污染源调控对策的制定提供了科学依据.     

阜新市MODIS AOD与大气PM_(2.5)浓度相关性研究

利用卫星遥感MODIS数据研究区域大气PM_(2.5)浓度分布是环境管理的有效方法。获取美国国家航空航天局MODIS L1B1KM数据,采用暗目标法反演阜新市大气气溶胶厚度AOD数据;提取阜新市5个大气监测站点位2014年3月至5月、2015年3月至4月期间PM_(2.5)浓度数据进行相关性分析,建立PM_(2.5)浓度-AOD之间的线性、一元二次、对数函数、幂函数及指数函数5种相关性模型;引用湿度影响因子建立大气PM_(2.5)浓度订正模型,采用PM_(2.5)浓度订正模型、Peterson模型分别订正PM_(2.5)浓度及AOD标高,应用阜新市环保局5个监测点位2014年6~12月、2015年5~12月期间PM_(2.5)的月平均浓度进行模型检验。对比分析订正后的5种相关性模型拟合优度,检验结果表明:订正方法提高了PM_(2.5)浓度-AOD相关性;线性相关性模型R2为0.633 6,相对误差为12.41%,相对其他4种模型相对误差较小。利用阜新市大气AOD预测PM_(2.5)浓度具有良好环境指示意义。     

基于受体和化学传输的综合模型解析重庆PM2.5来源

为进一步提高PM_2.5污染源解析的准确性,研究提出一种基于受体和化学传输的综合源解析模型（CTM-RM）,并以重庆冬季一次典型PM_2.5污染过程为例（2019年1月21～27日）开展模型评估与应用.结果表明,观测期间基于CTM-RM获得的模拟误差平方值较CAMx/PSAT低84.58%,PM_2.5及其化学组分浓度的模拟相对误差值较CAMx/PSAT下降15.69%～92.86%;此外,CTM-RM还可以获取重庆市PM_2.5污染源贡献的时空分布特征.观测期间,主城区PM_2.5农业源、工业源、电力源、民用源、交通源和其他源的调整因子R值分别为1.39±0.38、 1.54±0.48、 1.01±0.13、 1.02±0.58、 0.86±0.59和0.58±0.67,各污染源R值的累积分布函数差异明显.民用源和工业源是主城区PM_2.5的主要污染源（46.23%和28.23%）.与其他源不同,污染日交通源贡献率（8.62%）同比清洁日显著上升（P<0.00...     

电动汽车普及对江苏冬季大气污染影响的数值模拟

为研究电动汽车普及对空气质量的影响,首先利用机动车排放计算模型MOBILE估算了在电动汽车替代50%小型载客车情景下江苏省的大气污染物排放量,并利用中尺度气象-化学模式(WRF-Chem)模拟和分析了电动车替代前后冬季污染物浓度的变化特征.结果表明,如果用电动汽车替代小型载客车,江苏省13个地级市的CO、NO_x、VOC排放量都有所降低,减排量从地区来看,苏南苏中苏北.电动汽车替代将会造成江苏地区由交通排放引起的CO浓度降低20%～35%,氮氧化物浓度降低10%～30%,减排效果总体上苏南地区好于苏中和苏北地区.交通排放对于SO_2、一次PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的贡献小,也可能是因为清单低估了交通源对它们的贡献,因此,减排效果不明显.受NO_x影响,交通减排增加了O_3浓度.