太阳热反射涂料的研制

根据涂料反射太阳热的原理,以丙烯酸树脂为基料,以金红石型钛白粉、云母粉及空心玻璃微珠为原料,制备了隔热性能和耐候性能均良好的太阳热反射隔热涂料,并研究了颜料、填料种类、粒径、涂层厚度对涂料隔热性能的影响。     

基于纳米TiO2添加的新型航空涂料性能研究

目的解决纳米TiO_2在涂料中的团聚问题,同时实现增强涂层防腐蚀、疏水性能和耐紫外老化性能。方法以氯醚树脂为航空涂料的主要成膜物质,以经氟硅烷改性后的金红石型纳米TiO_2颗粒为主要吸光剂和疏水剂,配合其他合适填料和颜料制备一种新型航空涂料,通过拉拔法、硬度测试法、电化学极化曲线法、接触角测试法和人工紫外加速老化等测试手段分别对涂层的力学性能、电化学性能、疏水性能和耐紫外老化性能进行研究。结果改性后的金红石型纳米TiO_2颗粒的分散性及与氯醚树脂的相容性得到改善。当添加量为2%~3%时,涂层腐蚀防护性能、表面疏水性、耐紫外老化性能达到最佳,附着力、硬度等力学性能达到航空涂料的基本使用要求。结论该涂料有效地解决了纳米TiO_2在涂料中的团聚问题,提高了涂层的防腐蚀、疏水性能和耐紫外老化性能。     

节能环保技术提升未来建筑涂料发展

随着节能环保成为全球发展背景,建筑节能也成为可持续发展的重要主题。《中国涂料行业＂十二五＂规划》就明确以功能性涂料为饰面的外墙外保温系统作为＂十二五＂的重点发展方向,可见节能必是建筑涂料的发展方向。建筑节能涂料主要用在建筑的内外墙和玻璃方面,内墙主要达到反射、隔热效果,外墙达到反射、隔热、保温和装饰的目的。但是在外墙方面,建筑节能涂料单纯的隔热保温或者隔热反射功能跟国外相比还是有差距的。     

油漆污染环境怎么办(上)

我们在生产与日常生活中接触到的各种设备和生活用具,多是由金属、木材等材料制成的。这些材料受大气中水分、气体、微生物及紫外线等各种因素的侵蚀,使其逐渐受到毁坏。为此,人们就在这些物件上涂上一层涂料(旧称油漆)才能延长其使用期限。涂料除了能起保护作用外,还能起装饰、标志及各种特殊作用。随着生产的发展,保护环境、防止污染作为社会问题提出后,涂料工业的发展就与环境保护紧紧联在一起了。涂料种类繁多,按结构大致可分为溶剂涂料、水性涂料、高固体分涂料与粉末涂料等。溶剂型涂料是由成膜物质加上颜色填料与有机溶剂制成。涂料中常用的有机溶剂有松香水、     

新型涂料在弹药储运环境防护中的运用研究

在分析了弹药储运过程中恶劣的电磁环境基础上,结合目前我军弹药用涂料的现状,探索了利用膨胀石墨蠕虫作为填料,以聚氨酯清漆作为粘结剂的新型涂料的防静电性能,分析了膨胀石墨蠕虫的膨胀体积、填料含量、涂层厚度与电阻率的关系,并论述了新型弹药用涂料的应用前景。     

功能涂料在雷达上的应用

雷达上所用涂料已从单一的防护功能向多功能方向发展,文中主要介绍了近年来雷达中应用较广的几种功能涂料,包括吸波涂料、电磁屏蔽涂料、抗静电涂料、重防腐涂料,以及雷达用功能涂料的发展、特点、研究现状等。最后指出了雷达对功能涂料的进一步要求。     

云母钛珠光颜料的应用研究

介绍了一种不使用有机溶剂获得云母钛珠光颜料、水性金属效果云母钛珠光浆、珠光涂料的环保型制备工艺和性能.采用液相沉积法获得了不同厚度的纳米TiO2薄膜包覆层而显示银白、金、红、紫、蓝、绿等各种色彩的系列珠光云母颜料;应用珠光云母颜料与分散剂等水性助剂混合,获得了水性金属效果云母钛珠光浆的制备工艺;应用云母钛珠光浆与乳液配合,获得了云母钛珠光涂料的制备工艺.制备的云母钛珠光涂料系列多彩,白度高、反射率大、珠光效果好,硬度、附着力、耐候性等指标优异.     

科技潮流

神奇智能涂料“感知”温度自我调节在近日举行的第239届美国化学学会上,科学家宣布成功研制出了一种可以“感知”温度的智能涂料。将该材料涂抹在屋顶,不仅可以在炎热的夏季反射太阳光,降低高昂的电费,而且当冷空气袭来,还能转变角色,把太阳能运输到屋里,保持室内的温度。这种智能涂料取自于快餐馆的废弃食用油,当室外温度超过某一预设值时,材料可以在反射与吸收太阳能之间进行自动切换。项目负责人表示：该涂层材料极具实用价值,可以对外界环境做出判断,降低制冷或制热成本,有利于节约燃料和电力,减少石油材料屋顶有机物质的挥发。此外,新材料还将解决厨余食用油的处理问题。     

化工生产安全讲座 第十二讲 涂料生产安全

1　概述涂料是指应用于物体表面能形成一层保护和装饰膜的一种工程材料。涂料俗称油漆 ,早期的油漆是用植物油和从漆树上采集的漆液制成的 ,故称作油漆。涂料多是粘稠的液体 ,常常有气味且易燃易爆 ,也有些涂料是粉末状的固体。涂料主要具有装饰和保护作用。专门用途的各种特种涂料还分别具有耐酸、耐碱、防锈、防藻、杀虫、防霉、伪装、绝缘等良好性能。涂料的组成如图 1所示 ,它包括主要成膜物质 (油脂、树脂 )、次要成膜物质 (颜料 )和辅助成膜物质 (溶剂及其他 )。我国涂料产品的分类是以涂料组成中主要成膜物质为依据的 ,具体分类见表 …     

石墨烯在功能涂料中的应用研究进展

首先简要描述了石墨烯的发展现状以及当前石墨烯的主要分散方式,然后综合概述了近几年来石墨烯在防腐涂料、导电涂料、散热涂料、电磁屏蔽涂料以及其他功能涂料中的应用研究进展情况,并对石墨烯涂层性能随石墨烯的添加方式、添加量、分散技术的变化趋势进行了叙述。研究结果表明,当适量的石墨烯材料以均匀状态分散至涂料中时,对涂层综合性能有着显著的提升。最后对石墨烯功能涂料的研究工作提出了自己的建议。     

铝合金-丁腈橡胶航空带垫卡箍典型环境损伤研究

目的研究典型环境对丁腈橡胶-铝合金带垫卡箍的损伤效应。方法通过模拟铝合金-丁腈橡胶航空带垫卡箍使用时的装配结构和应力状态,应用GJB 150A—2009中的湿热和太阳辐射两种典型老化环境,采用宏观形貌观察、卡箍保持力测试和橡胶衬垫拉伸性能测试方法,结合扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱技术,分析带垫卡箍的性能劣化过程。结果带垫卡箍在湿热和太阳辐射环境中老化50 d后,卡箍橡胶衬垫表面出现大量微孔缺陷,拉伸性能大幅降低,导致卡箍保持力分别下降了35%和51%。结论带垫卡箍在模拟装配状态下进行湿热和太阳辐射环境暴露实验,卡箍橡胶衬垫内部结构由致密逐渐变得疏松,部分碳碳双键发生氧化交联反应,并在一定程度上提高了聚合物的交联密度,材料硬度提高,回弹性能减弱,橡胶衬垫对芯轴的包裹能力降低,导致卡箍保持力性能降低。     

多层复合材料的声学性能研究

材料分层复合是一种利用较少代价提高声学性能的有效方式,通过多孔性保温绝热材料与硬质黏弹性材料的优化组合,可以兼有隔声、吸声、阻燃和隔热等多项功能,同时符合相关环保要求。本文利用VAONE软件中NOVA模块研究了多种不同厚度分层材料的声学性能,并结合实验结果分析了主要参数对多层复合材料声学性能的影响。研究结果验证了NOVA模块预测多层材料声学性能的有效性,同时也表明多层材料经过优化设计可以具备良好的隔声性能。     

防静电热控材料低能质子辐照试验研究

防静电热控材料是航天器上常用的热控材料之一,其在空间环境下的性能退化是航天器设计中必须考虑的问题。对几种航天器上常用的防静电热控材料进行了低能质子辐照试验,并原位测量样品的太阳吸收率和表面电阻率,对低能质子辐照下的性能退化规律进行了初步分析。试验结果表明,在低能质子辐照下,这3种材料的太阳吸收率都有不同程度的上升,而表面电阻率则呈现下降的趋势。     

地表水源环保型太阳能吸收式空调系统

文章提出了一种新型环保型太阳能吸收式制冷空调系统。首次提出把太阳能制冷机的集热器安装在河流上,把冷凝器、吸收器浸泡在河水中;利用水的自然对流,与冷凝盘管中的制冷剂发生对流换热;节能又节约了水资源。应用制冷理论,对集热面积为180m2的空调系统进行了性能分析及环境效益评价,结果表明:空调系统比电压缩式空调系统可节约运行费用13595.6元/a;寿命期减少CO2总排放量275.4t,对环境空气温度无影响,缓减了城市热岛效应,节省了引发热岛效应的附加能耗约29%,节能及环境效应显著;性能系数比冷却水塔式太阳能吸收式空调系统高6.1%。     

精确空投缓冲气囊材料研究

介绍了精确空投着陆缓冲的作用原理以及对气囊材料的要求,分析了聚酰胺、聚酯纤维2种气囊织物材料和氯丁橡胶、硅酮2种涂层材料的结构性能及发展,总结了当前主要的新材料技术,提出了着陆缓冲气囊材料的发展趋势.     

PA66GF25尼龙隔热条材料热氧老化性的研究

向PA66GF25尼龙隔热条材料中分别加入三种抗氧剂体系,通过测定样品热氧老化实验后的拉伸强度值,研究不同抗氧剂体系对PA66GF25尼龙隔热条材料耐老化性能的稳定作用。结果表明,三种抗氧体系均提高了材料的耐老化性能,尤其是含有碳自由基捕获剂的三元复配体系。同时,对尼龙隔热条材料的静态使用寿命进行了分析与预测:不含抗氧剂的材料静态使用寿命仅为4.34 a,含三元复配抗氧体系的材料则可高达57.05 a。     

Development and environmental improvements of plastics for hydrophilic catheters in medical care: an environmental evaluation

Single-use medical devices have been under close scrutiny for several years, especially the choice of plastic materials. Many different requirements such as medical safety, treatment functionality and efficiency, environmental performance, etc. have to be fulfilled. Today, the most commonly used materials for hydrophilic urinary catheters are polyvinylchloride (PVC) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). In this research study, these two materials' environmental performance was evaluated. In light of the knowledge gained in that study a new plastic material for use in urinary catheters was developed. The aim of the development of this new material was to design a high performance material with superior environmental performance. The newly developed plastic material is a polyolefin-based elastomer. The ecological environmental performance of the new material was evaluated and compared to the existing plastic materials. The study focused exclusively on the choice of plastic materials and their ecological environmental performance.The analysis has been performed using a system perspective and a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The functional unit has been set to the treatment of one patient during one year. The results from the LCA models have been presented both in terms of direct inventory data, such as energy use and formed emissions, and in terms of the results from four different impact assessment methods. Analysis of the results based on direct inventory data, i.e. common inventory results such as energy resource uses and emissions of CO₂, NO_x and SO₂ show an overall better environmental performance for the new polyolefin-based elastomer compared to the existing PVC and TPU plastic materials. The normalization and weighting steps in the analyzes have indicated the importance of energy resource uses and global warming as indicator for the environmental performance even if other impact categories also can play a role. In the environmental impact assessment, the polyolefin-based elastomer showed a clearly better environmental performance than the TPU material. Compared to PVC plastic material the new polyolefin-based elastomer showed an almost equivalent environmental performance. This can be mainly explained by the different materials' energy use. The new material has thus also shown to be an environmentally good alternative to PVC if a PVC-free material is requested. Basing the plastic formula, on simple bulk plastics with low energy use in the production of single-use medical devices, has been shown to be a successful method of producing high quality products with superior environmental performance.     

Remote sensing of the urban heat island and its changes in Xiamen City of SE China

World-wide urbanization has significantly modified the landscape, which has important climatic implications across all scales due to the simultaneous removal of natural land cover and introduction of urban materials. This resulted in a phenomenon known as an urban heat island(UHI). A study on the UHI in Xiamen of China was carried out using remote sensing technology. Satellite thermal infrared images were used to determine surface radiant temperatures. Thermal remote sensing data were obtained from band 6 of two Landsat TM/ETM^ images of 1989 and 2000 to observe the UHI changes over l l-year period. The thermal infrared bands were processed through several image enhancement technologies. This generated two 3-dimension-perspective images of Xiamen‘s urban heat island in 1989 and 2000, respectively, and revealed heat characteristics and spatial distribution features of the UHI. To find out the change of the UHI between 1989 and 2000, the two thermal images were first normalized and scaled to seven grades to reduce seasonal difference and then overlaid to produce a difference image by subtracting corresponding pixels. The difference image showed an evident development of the urban heat island in the 11 years. This change was due largely to the urban expansion with a consequent alteration in the ratio of sensible heat flux to latent heat flux. To quantitatively compare UHI, an index called Urban-Heat-Island Ratio Index(URI) was created. It can reveal the intensity of the UHI within the urban area. The calculation of the index was based on the ratio of UHI area to urban area. The greater the index, the more intense the UHI was. The calculation of the index for the Xiamen City indicated that the ratio of UHI area to urban area in 2000 was less than that in 1989. High temperatures in several areas in 1989 were reduced or just disappeared, such as those in old downtown area and Gulangyu lsland. For the potential mitigation of the UHI in Xiamen, a long-term heat island reduction strategy of planting shade trees and using light-colored, highly reflective roof and paving materials should be included in the plans of the city planers, environmental managers and other decision-makers to improve the overall urban environment in the future.     

高效集热自然环境加速试验设备设计

目的 设计一种能够高效强化太阳辐射热效应的自然环境加速试验设备,在自然环境中构建具有极端高温和高低温循环条件的试验微环境.方法 研发高效集热自然环境加速试验设备,采用模块化设计,包括试验箱体、跟踪太阳基座和控制与数据记录部件,试验箱体5面为双层保温结构,顶部采用2 mm厚单层铝合金板材作箱盖,并涂覆吸热率大于90％的太...