流域水资源管理中的出境水水质目标管理的思考

从出境水水质目标出发，提出出境水水质目标管理的两个阶段、实施及其可行性。     

新形势下改革和加强中国环境保护管理体制的思考

中国现行的环境保护管理体制已无法适应日益复杂化的环境问题,改革和强化环境保护管理体制已迫在眉睫.分析了中国进行环境保护管理体制改革的必要性,提出了改革和强化体制的总体目标和基本思路,进而从管理体系、法律体系、运行机制和能力建设等方面论述了改革和强化环境保护管理体制的建议对策.     

中国流域生态补偿制度的法律思考

分析了流域生态现状,指出了流域生态危机的严重性和完善流域生态补偿法律制度的迫切性,叙述了流域生态补偿制度建立的理论基础(即生态资本理论、公共产品理论和外部效应理论),在对中国现有流域生态补偿政策和法律规定分析的基础上,指出了中国现有流域生态补偿法律制度存在的缺陷,从流域生态补偿金、补偿对象、补偿标准和补偿方式方面提出了建议.     

《重点流域水污染防治规划》发布

环境保护部、发展改革委、财政部、水利部于2012年5月17日在京联合召开新闻发布会,介绍了《重点流域水污染防治规划(2011-2015年)》(以下简称《规划》)相关情况。环境保护部污染防治司有关负责人表示,国务院近日正式批     

关于贯彻落实新《条例》的思考

《排污费征收使用管理条例》的实施，将对我国现行的排污费征收和使用管理制度产生深远影响，作者从六方面探讨贯彻落实新《条例》的具体思路、方法和措施。     

关于在环境影响评价过程中开展公众参与的思考

通过对不同形式公众参与优缺点的分析,提出今后有效开展公众参与的建议,旨在探讨《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》实施后,中国应如何开展环境影响评价中的公众参与。     

对《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》的理性思考

2008年2月28日,第十届全国人大常委会通过了<中华人民共和国水污染防治法>.与1996年的<中华人民共和国水污染防治法>相比,修订后的<中华人民共和国水污染防治法>虽然在明确违法界限、规范企业排污行为、强化事故应急处置等诸多方面有新的突破,但其仍存在立法目标偏低、地方政府环境法律责任和地下水污染防治的监管责任规定不明确、对违法企业的惩处力度不彻底等值得深思的问题.究其原因.主要有水污染防治立法所涉及的相关领域技术含量过高、决策者对经济发展仍存在顾虑、地方保护主义等.建议这些问题一部分可在<水污染防治法实施细则>中加以解决,另一部分等待修订此法或其他法律时加以完善.     

对《嘉兴市主要污染物排污权交易办法》的思考

从环境经济学的视角系统分析了<嘉兴市主要污染物排污权交易办法>的4个显著创新点,揭示了排污权交易机制和清洁发展机制的理论内核,在此基础上针对性地提出了进一步完善嘉兴市主要污染物排污权交易办法的对策建议.     

彰显公平追求和谐——全面施行新修订的《水污染防治法》之哲学思考

新修订的《水污染防治法》,通篇洋溢着时代的气息和创新精神,为消除政府、市场“双失灵”的不良倾向,努力克服“地方保护主义”,引导市场客观地反映环境成本,宽严相济,刚柔并用,突出制度创新和机制创新,强调政府责任,主张公民权利,大幅度地提高了违法成本,强力推进了市场主体的外部不经济性内部化,旨在实现社会主义市场经济条件下的公平与和谐。当前,在“两高一低”（守法成本高,执法成本高,违法成本低）的态势之下,无疑必须严格执法,方能彰显公平,追求和谐。在严格执法的同时,应十分注重拓宽守法空间,拓宽创新空间,拓宽法律实施的有效空间,进一步强化政府责任,强化公众参与,调动方方面面保护环境的内在动力,以推动社会经济的全面、协调、可持续发展。     

关于《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》倍频带声压级结构传播固定设备室内噪声排放限值使用的探讨

根据现行国家噪声排放标准排放限值,文中从噪声危害角度根据噪声评价曲线,论证了结构传播固定设备室内噪声等效声级排放限值与结构传播固定设备室内倍频带声压级的等效关系。     

"十一五"脱硫计划实施前后长三角地区的硫沉降变化

采用RAINS ASIA模型研究了"十一五"期间长三角地区实施脱硫措施前后硫沉降超临界负荷的变化.结果表明,在90%保证率下,长三角地区硫沉降的临界负荷(以S计,下同)总值为78.38万t/a;2005年该地区硫沉降的超临界负荷总值为27.98万t/a,有45.6%区域面积的硫沉降超过临界负荷;如果不实施脱硫措施,到2010年长三角地区硫沉降超临界负荷的情景将急剧恶化,硫沉降超临界负荷总值将增长18.4%,超临界负荷的区域面积将增加到48.7%;"十一五"脱硫计划如期实施后,2010年长三角地区硫沉降超临界负荷总值将在2005年的基础上下降27.4%,但仍有39.1%的区域面积超过临界负荷,须采取更严格的措施控制硫沉降量.     

The profile of antibiotics resistance and integrons of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing thermotolerant coliforms isolated from the Yangtze River basin in Chongqing

The spreading of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing thermotolerant coliforms (TC) in the water environment is a threat to human health but little is known about ESBL-producing TCs in the Yangtze River. We received 319 ESBL-producing stains obtained from the Chongqing basin and we investigated antibiotic susceptibility, bla gene types and the presence of integrons and gene cassettes. 16.8% of TC isolates were ESBL-producing bacteria and bla_TEM+CTx-M was the predominant ESBL type. 65.2% of isolates contained class 1 integrons, but only 3 carried intI 2. Gene cassettes were amplified and sequenced. aadA, drfA, cmlA, sat1, aar3 and two ORF cassettes were found. In conclusion, Yangtze River is heavily polluted by ESBL-producing TC bacteria and the combined bla gene type could enhance antibiotic resistance. Class 1 integrons were widespread in ESBL-producing isolates and play an important role in multi-drug resistance. Characterization of gene cassettes could reveal the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.     

Seasonal variations of water quality response to land use metrics at multi-spatial scales in the Yangtze River basin

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Land use pattern is increasingly regarded as an important determinant of environmental quality and regional ecosystems. Understanding the correlation...     

浙江省环境保护及相关产业现状分析及发展思路

通过对浙江省环境保护及相关产业现状的调查,基本摸清了当前全省环境保护产品、资源综合利用、环境保护服务和洁净产业等4个方面的发展情况,并从规模、地域、产业结构和效益等方面对其当前发展中存在的问题进行了全面分析,找出其发展过程中存在的问题.结合当前浙江"生态省"建设的现状,提出了浙江省环保相关产业发展的对策和思路,为决策和管理部门提供环境保护及相关产业健康快速发展的科学参考.     

实验室信息管理系统在环境保护领域的建设与应用探讨

介绍了环境监测实验室的业务特点;概述了国内外实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)的发展现状;选择了适合环境监测业务的LIMS软件产品,并在此基础上作进一步开发以满足环境监测业务的可拓展性;提出了LIMS需要完善功能的建议.同时,指出在环境保护领域引入LIMS,在一定程度上提高了分析数据的准确性和环境监测实验室管理水平.     

Perfluorinated compounds in the Pearl River and Yangtze River of China

A total of 14 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were quantified in river water samples collected from tributaries of the Pearl River (Guangzhou Province, south China) and the Yangtze River (central China). Among the PFCs analyzed, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were the two compounds with the highest concentrations. PFOS concentrations ranged from 0.90 to 99 ng/l and <0.01–14 ng/l in samples from the Pearl River and Yangtze River, respectively; whereas those for PFOA ranged from 0.85 to 13 ng/l and 2.0–260 ng/l. Lower concentrations were measured for perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanesulfoamide (PFOSA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorononaoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA). Concentrations of several perfluorocarboxylic acids, including perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA), perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA), perfluorohexadecanoic acid (PFHxDA) and perfluorooctadecanoic acid (PFOcDA) were lower than the limits of quantification in all the samples analyzed. The highest concentrations of most PFCs were observed in water samples from the Yangtze River near Shanghai, the major industrial and financial centre in China. In addition, sampling locations in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River with a reduced flow rate might serve as a final sink for contaminants from the upstream river runoffs. Generally, PFOS was the dominant PFC found in samples from the Pearl River, while PFOA was the predominant PFC in water from the Yangtze River. Specifically, a considerable amount of PFBS (22.9–26.1% of total PFC analyzed) was measured in water collected near Nanjing, which indicates the presence of potential sources of PFBS in this part of China. Completely different PFC composition profiles were observed for samples from the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. This indicates the presence of dissimilar sources in these two regions.     

Historical trend of nitrogen and phosphorus loads from the upper Yangtze River basin and their responses to the Three Gorges Dam

Excessive inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus (N and P) degrade surface water quality worldwide. Impoundment of reservoirs alters the N and P balance of a basin. In this study, riverine nutrient loads from the upper Yangtze River basin (YRB) at the Yichang station were estimated using Load Estimator (LOADEST). Long-term load trends and monthly variabilities during three sub-periods based on the construction phases of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) were analyzed statistically. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) loads from the upper YRB for the period from 1990 to 2009 ranged from 30.47?×?10⁴ to 78.14?×?10⁴ t, while the total phosphorus (TP) loads ranged from 2.54?×?10⁴ to 7.85?×?10⁴ t. DIN increased rapidly from 1995 to 2002 mainly as a result of increased fertilizer use. Statistics of fertilizer use in the upper YRB agreed on this point. However, the trend of the TP loads reflected the combined effect of removal by sedimentation in reservoirs and increased anthropogenic inputs. After the TGD impoundment in 2003, decreasing trends in both DIN and TP loads were found. The reduction in DIN was mainly caused by ammonium consumption and transference. From an analysis of monthly loads, it was found that DIN had a high correlation to discharges. For TP loads, an average decrease of 4.91 % in October was found when the TGD impoundment occurred, but an increase of 4.23 % also occurred in July, corresponding to the washout from sediment deposited in the reservoir before July. Results of this study revealed the TGD had affected nutrient loads in the basin, and it had played a role in nutrient reduction after its operation.