Role of the necrosis factor-κB pathway in dibutyl phthalate mediated effects on human glioma cells

Abstract

The human glioma cell line U251 was incubated for 12?h and 24?h in medium containing dibutyl phthalate at concentrations of 25?µmol/L and 100?µmol/L. Decreased cell viability and increased oxidative stress show the cytotoxicity of dibutyl phthalate. Nuclear factor-κB and nuclear factor-κB pathway-related proteins were altered, which could be attenuated by vitamin E at 20?µmol/L. Thus, dibutyl phthalate induces cytotoxicity through activation of nuclear factor-κB and vitamin E exerts neuroprotection against dibutyl phthalate-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro.     

花青素联合酪蛋白多肽的协同抗损伤作用研究

目的观察花青素联合酪蛋白拮抗邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的致损伤作用.方法在大鼠外周血淋巴细胞培养物中注入一定剂量的花青素和一定剂量的酪蛋白,观察淋巴细胞的姐妹染色单体交换率(SCE).结果花青素可显著降低邻苯二甲酸二丁酯处理过的淋巴细胞SCE率;终浓度为90.8 ug/ml的酪蛋白和0.8×10-8mol/L的花青素在降低邻苯二甲酸二丁酯处理过的淋巴细胞SCE率方面存在较显著的协同效应.结论一定剂量的花青素和酪蛋白在拮抗邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的致损伤作用中存在着显著的协同效应;花青素单因素亦存在一定的拮抗作用.图1,表2,参5.     

基于风险的Football组合法在筛选农用地优先控制酞酸酯类污染物的应用

为探索建立农用地优先管控酞酸酯类有毒有害化学物质的筛选方法,基于Football组合法开展了相关研究。结果表明,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)等5种酞酸酯类内源污染物潜在风险较高,将筛选结果与国内外管控化学物质名单进行比较分析,表明Football组合法可用于筛选农用地优先控制酞酸酯类有毒有害物质。     

Distribution and sources of phthalate esters in the topsoils of Beijing,China

Phthalate esters in the topsoil samples collected from Beijing were determined by derivatization and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques. The results showed that diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate ester (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate ester (DBP), dibutyl (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) were found in the topsoils. The total concentrations of the five phthalate esters varied from 2.30 to 24.71 μg g^?1. According to phthalate esters (PAEs) control standards in soil of the USA, the standard exceeding rates of DMP, DBP, and DEHP were 100 %, 100 %, and 4.84 % in soils of Beijing, respectively. The rate of DBP exceeding soil remediation standard was 12.9 %. Overall, concentrations of PAEs in Beijing were at a high level in China. The concentrations of DBP, DEHP, and DIBP were high, and the total concentrations of all the phthalate esters were higher in the areas with intensive human activities than in the other areas, which may be related to the use of phthalate compounds (such as the use of plastic products). The total and individual concentrations of phthalate compounds were relatively low in the areas that used plastic films compared with other samples due to the diffusion of atmospheric motion, categories, and amounts of plastic products and other factors. The greatest contributor may be the usage amount of plastic products in people’s daily lives.     

Occurrence of estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals concern in sewage plant effluent

The purpose of this study was to give a worldwide overview of the concentrations of typical estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals （EDCs） in the effluent of sewage plants and then compare the concentra- tion distribution of the estrogenic EDCs in ten countries based on the survey data of the estrogenic EDCs research. The concentrations of three main categories （totally eight kinds） of estrogenic EDCs including steroidal estrogens （estrone （El）, estradiol （E2）, estriol （E3） and 17a- ethynylestradiol （EE2））, phenolic compounds （nonylphe- nol （NP） and bisphenol A （BPA）） and phthalate esters （dibutyl phthalate （DBP） and dibutyl phthalate （2- ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）） in the effluents of sewage plants reported in major international journals over the past decade were collected. The statistics showed that the concentration distributions of eight kinds of EDCs were in the range of ng·L^-1 to μg·L^-1. The concentrations of steroidal estrogens mainly ranged within 50.00 ng. L-1, and the median concentrations of El, E2, E3 and EE2 were 11.00, 3.68, 4.90 and 1.00 ng·L^-1, respectively. Phenolic compounds and phthalate esters were found at pg. L-1 level （some individual values were at the high level of 40.00 μg·L^-1）. The median concentrations of BPA, NP, DBP and DEHP were 0.06, 0.55, 0.07 and 0.88 μg·L^-1, respectively. The concentrations of phenolic compounds and phthalate esters in the effluents were higher than that of steroids estrogens. The analysis of the concentration in various ten countries showed that steroids estrogens, phenolic compounds and phthalate esters in sewage plant effluents were detected with high concentration in Canada, Spain and China, respectively.     

几种环境激素酞酸酯的光催化降解研究

在紫外光照射下,以TiO2为催化剂,研究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP)和邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)水溶液的光催化降解规律,不同结构特征的酞酸酯在降解过程中pH值均表现为先升高,再降低的趋势.降解为表观一级反应.采用色质联用技术(GC-MS)分别对上述物质降解过程中生成的中间体进行分析,提出了可能的降解机理.     

藻类与有机污染物间的相互作用研究

本文就若干有机污染物对藻类的毒性效应及藻类对这些污染物的富集降解作用进行了系列研究。结果表明，不同污染物对藻类的毒性有很大差别，其中三有机锡的毒性最大。此外，不同藻类对毒物具有不同的敏感性，其中扁藻Platymonas sp.和斜生栅藻S．obliquus最敏感。藻类通过生物富集和生物降解两种途径去除水中污染物，其中，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯最容易被去除。藻类固定化能够在一定程度上增加藻类对污染物的降解。     

万家寨引黄工程引水中化学毒物安全性评价

采用多介质环境目标值和中国地表水环境质量标准，就万家寨引黄工程水源地水中检出的和终端水预测的主要有机污染物及重金属对健康的潜在危害进行了定量评价。结果表明，在不考虑引水工程输水模式对水质影响的情况下，有机污染物和重金属对人体的健康影响度（TAS）均大于1，同时，有机污染物中的苯，特别是邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的浓度明显超过国家标准。在考虑输水模式对水质影响的情况下，引水中有机污染物的TAS低于1，但邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的浓度仍然超过国家标准。在考虑输水模式的情况下，引水终端水中重金属的含量可达《地表水环境质量标准》（GHZB1－1999）中Ⅲ类水标准。     

行道树悬铃木叶片中邻苯二甲酸酯的研究

采集上海市杨浦区部分交通道路两侧行道树悬铃木叶片样品,对邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的分布特征进行分析.结果表明,叶片组织和表面附着物中均含有邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP);叶片组织易于吸收主要以气相存在于大气中的DBP,质量面积比范围高于表面附着物8倍以上;而主要存在于大气悬浮颗粒中的DEHP在叶片表面附着物中的质量面积比高于DBP.行道树悬铃木叶片中的PAEs质量面积比与机动车流量有一定的相关性.     

南京市大气气溶胶中酞酸酯的分布特征

利用分级采样器采样 ,高效液相色谱检测 ,研究了南京市春夏秋冬四季六大功能区 (工业区 ,交通区 ,文化区 ,商业区 ,园林风景区和居民生活区 )大气气溶胶中的酞酸酯 .结果表明 :南京市大气气溶胶中检出的酞酸酯有 :邻苯二甲酸二甲酯 (DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 (DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 (DEHP) ,其含量随功能区和季节而变化 ,平均浓度具有工业区 >居民区 >交通区 >商业区 >文化区 >园林风景区和秋、冬季浓度高于春、夏季的分布特征     

水体中悬浮颗粒物对酞酸酯的吸附和解吸特性

选择水体中的悬浮颗粒物(SPM)--沉积颗粒物和浮游植物颗粒(铜绿微囊藻和普通小球藻),研究它们对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)的吸附和解吸行为.结果表明,SPM对DBP 和DEHP的吸附在很短的时间内即可达到平衡,沉积颗粒物约为2h,浮游植物颗粒约为0.5h;SPM对DEHP的吸附能力明显大于DBP;不同SPM对同一种化合物的吸附能力差异较大,这与颗粒物中有机质的类型和结构有关;在实验浓度范围内,SPM对DBP和DEHP的吸附和解吸等温线具有较好的线性关系,解吸过程存在明显的迟滞现象,且沉积颗粒物比浮游植物颗粒物具有明显的迟滞效应,DBP比DEHP具有较大程度的迟滞效应.     

污水处理厂出水中抗雄激素样化合物控制的优先性研究

污水处理厂出水是环境中内分泌干扰物的重要来源之一。针对关注较少的抗雄激素样内分泌干扰物,在已有研究基础上,依据抗雄激素样化合物的抗雄激素样活性风险,建立了污水处理厂出水中抗雄激素样化合物控制的优先性排序方法。在污水处理厂出水中,共有147种疑似抗雄激素样化合物需要关注,主要为农药类,约占总数的60%。抗雄激素样活性风险排名前10%的化合物如下:邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二己酯、双酚A、溴螨酯、对叔辛基酚、腐霉利、烯菌酮、氯苯嘧啶醇、烯酰吗啉、杀螟松、十二烷基酚、敌草隆、咯菌酯、2-羟基-4'-甲氧基二苯甲酮、以及邻苯基苯酚。     

邻苯二甲酸酯类对水生食物链的影响研究进展

邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)增塑剂被普遍用于塑料制品中,在大气、水等环境中广泛存在,其潜在危害受到关注。水环境中的PAEs,从藻类等初级生产者吸收,到浮游动物、游泳动物等通过鳃和皮肤直接接触或捕食摄取,在水生生物之间转化和传递。笔者总结了PAEs在水生食物链中不同营养级生物体的含量,分析了PAEs在食物链中富集和转化的影响因素(辛醇-水分配系数Kow、代谢转化、生长阶段等)。目前的研究表明PAEs可能在食物链中传递,最终在较高营养级生物体中富集。同时总结了5种PAEs(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酯丁苄酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯)对水生生物的毒性效应的研究进展,已有研究表明PAEs对藻类的细胞器和抗氧化体系,对鱼类的生殖系统、内分泌系统和抗氧化体系都有一定程度损伤。PAEs在食物链中传递和富集现象的存在会对高营养级水生生物产生潜在危害。针对目前PAEs在食物链中传递的研究数量较少、结构简单等问题,对未来研究方向做了简要分析和展望。     

The influences of different organic fractions in refuse on the sorption and bioavailability of dibutyl phthalate

The structure and composition of the organic matter in landfilled refuse might have an influence on the migration and transformation of dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Humic acid (HA) and humin (HU) were separated from aged-refuse to determine the influences of different organic fractions in the refuse on the sorption and bioavailability of DBP. The sorption kinetics and isotherms for the sorption of DBP to HA, HU, and whole refuse were determined. The results showed that the sorption constants (K) and nonlinearities decreased in the order HU?>?whole refuse?>?HA. The HA had lower K values than did the other refuse fractions, and it retarded the biodegradation of DBP over a short degradation period (48?h). Increasing the amount of HA present caused the amount of DBP that was biodegraded to decrease significantly, 81.3% of the DBP sorbed to HA being degraded in the original experiments after 48?h but 21.8% of the DBP being degraded when three times as much HA was used. Similar results were not observed when the amount of HU used was changed. These findings suggest that HA plays an important role in the biodegradation of DBP adsorbed by refuse.     

最大累积率识别中国地表水中邻苯二甲酸酯类关键污染物和复合污染生态风险

邻苯二甲酸酯类物质(phthalic acid esters,PAEs)环境存在量大,研究表明其能对水生生物造成寿命减少、发育不良、细胞受损等负效应.因此,为保护水生生物,我国地表水中PAEs的生态风险需要科学评估.本文利用了风险商法(risk quotient,RQ)、最大累积率法(maximum cumulative ratio,MCR)、联合概率曲线法(joint probability curve,JPC)结合毒性当量的概念构建了三层级生态风险评价体系,借此评估了我国地表水中PAEs的分布情况与生态风险.结果显示,我国地表水中共检出19种PAEs,浓度范围为ND—5616.80μg·L^-1.邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)环境存在量最高,且DEHP为PAEs风险的主要贡献者.以DEHP为参照物,JPC的结果显示我国PAEs对5%生物造成急性影响的概率为6.25%—24.02%,造成慢性影响的概率为8.05%—27.79%.PAEs对我国水生生态系统,尤其是西北、东北、中部及华东地区存在较高的生态风险.     

Degradation of dibutyl phthalate in refuse from different phases of landfill by its dominant bacterial strain,Enterobacter sp. T1

A facultative bacterial strain isolated from municipal solid waste (MSW) obtained from a simulated landfill bioreactor was found to have the ability to use dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as its sole source of carbon and energy. Based on its morphology, physiochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequence, the strain was identified as Enterobacter sp. T1. Evaluation of the degradation of DBP in refuse collected during the initial, acidic, and methanogenic phases of landfill before and after inoculation with Enterobacter sp. T1 revealed that the degradation fits first-order kinetic models for refuse from all phases. The removal rate of DBP in the refuse of the methanogenic phase increased from 59.3% to 74.5% when Enterobacter T1 was added. The half-life of DBP in refuse from the methanogenic phase that was inoculated with Enterobacter T1 decreased by 36.7% relative to uninoculated samples, and the intermediate products monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and phthalic acid were detected in all samples. These results provide new evidence for the potential of applying Enterobacter sp. for phthalic acid ester-polluted area remediation.     

接种降解菌对土壤中邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯降解的影响

邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯〔Di-(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP〕是农田土壤中常被检出的有毒有机污染物,在土壤中有较长的持留性,微生物降解是其从土壤中消失的主要途径.本文采用温室盆栽试验研究了接种两株从污水处理厂活性污泥中分离得到的高效DEHP降解菌及其混合菌悬液降解土壤中DEHP污染的效果,以及土壤中添加葡萄糖和种植作物对其降解效率的影响.结果表明,在土壤初始DEHP浓度为100mg kg-1的条件下,接种两种降解菌及其混合菌悬液都可显著提高土壤中DEHP消失的速率,其残留半衰期比不接种对照缩短了32~48d,但在相同条件下接种不同降解菌的处理之间没有显著差异.土壤中添加0.6%的葡萄糖虽然可以强烈地促进土壤微生物的整体活性,但并没有提高修复效率,反而在短期内延缓了降解菌对DEHP的降解,延长了DEHP在土壤中持留的半衰期;植物生长可显著提高降解菌的降解效率,降低土壤中DEHP的残留浓度.研究结果同时也表明,只添加葡萄糖或只种植植物对土壤中DEHP的降解并没有显著的影响.图3表4参14     

植物对酞酸酯的敏感性

采用发芽试验和温室盆试验等方法，研究了酞酸酯（ＤＢＰ、ＤＥＨＰ）对番茄等１２种蔬菜以及水稻、小麦和油菜的影响。结果表明：酞酸酯（１０ｍｇ／１）对种子发芽率无明显影响，但对幼苗形态特征有一定作用。电镜观察表明：受害叶片叶绿体数量减少、结构改变。初步讨论了酞酸酯的理化性质与作物受害的关系，划分了蔬菜对酞酸酯的敏感性顺序。     

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯暴露与糖代谢紊乱相关性的研究进展

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)作为聚氯乙烯(PVC)等塑料制品的增塑剂,广泛应用于食品包装材料和医用材料的生产。由于DEHP与塑料主体基质间为非共价结合,这类物质极易从塑料制品中释放出来造成环境污染。人群暴露DEHP引发的健康风险不容忽视。流行病学调查和动物实验表明,DEHP暴露与胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病等糖代谢紊乱疾病之间存在一定的联系。明确DEHP暴露诱导机体糖代谢紊乱的风险及相关作用机制,对糖尿病的防治具有十分重要的现实意义。根据目前的研究结果,本文拟对DEHP暴露与胰岛素抵抗及2型糖尿病的发生、发展关系进行综述。     

番茄对污染土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯的吸收累积特征

利用盆栽实验研究了番茄对污染土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的吸收积累特征。结果表明,番茄根系、茎、叶和果实均可以吸收累积PAEs化合物,其含量与土壤污染程度成正相关;相同处理的番茄茎、叶和果实中邻苯二甲酸正丁酯(DBP)含量均高于邻苯二甲酸异辛酯(DEHP),而番茄根系中DBP的含量低于DEHP; 4个不同处理方式土壤中DBP和DEHP的残留量顺序均为:灭菌土壤组灭菌土壤种植番茄苗组未灭菌土壤组未灭菌土壤种植番茄苗组。无论是灭菌处理还是未灭菌处理,有番茄苗组土壤中PAEs含量均低于无番茄苗组,未灭菌土壤种植番茄苗组土壤中PAEs残留量最低,PAEs削减率高达96.39%,有番茄苗组微生物数量大于无番茄苗组。这些说明土壤中PAEs的削减是番茄植物和微生物协同作用的结果。