环境噪声预测及其图形交互环境下的软件实现

运用严格的数理模型，讨论了HJ/T2．4—1995中点声源和线声源几何发散衰减的两个基本问题，提出了更精确的具有普遍意义的数理解析表达式。通过建立包含HJ/T2．4—1995导则的数理模型，应用C 实现了图形交互环境下噪声预测软件。该软件大大提高了环评中噪声预测的准确性和效率，并可用于专项噪声治理工程。     

火电厂排放的氟化物气体对蚕桑生产的影响

本文结合火电厂实际生产过程和蚕桑生产区实地测量的结果,对火电厂排放的氟化物气体对蚕桑生产的影响过程进行了分析和估算.根据分析和估算提出的方法,对嘉兴发电厂的实际状况进行了个例分析和预测.     

城市环境噪声影响评价探讨

从噪声影响评价量的简单性、非稳态噪声的评价、城市低频噪声影响、体源和面源噪声预测等方面,提出了目前噪声影响评价方面存在的一些值得研究的问题,以供声环境管理部门和相关学者共同探讨.     

多普勒声雷达测湍流动量的研究

本文详细地讨论了多普勒声雷达测量湍流动量的范围和条件。根据四个声雷达观察资料,用快速付氏变换法计算风脉动湍流谱,并与300米高气象塔上超声风速仪数据进行比较,结果说明多普勒声雷达不仅能精确地测量平均风速和风向,而且能测量湍流动量,但受时间、空间分辨率限制,即湍流运动尺度必须大于二个声雷达散射体积元间距。本文是作者在美国 NOAA/ERL Waue Propagation Laboratory 进修期间所做的工作。湍流专家 J,C.Kaimal 博士和声雷达专家 W.D.Neff 曾给予指导和帮助。     

燃机电厂噪声模拟时SoundPLAN声源模型的简化

燃机电厂一般靠近用电负荷或城镇建设，为了有效地控制噪声，在燃机电厂项目的设计、环评等阶段对其噪声影响进行合理的模拟从而提出相应的降噪方案是非常必要的。结合国家标准，对燃机电厂的敏感目标和主要噪声的声源特性进行了总结。通过对比声源类型、中心频率的设置对模拟结果产生的影响，探讨了在应用SoundP-LAN软件对燃机电厂的噪声模拟时如何简化设置声源模型的问题，为今后的噪声模拟评估工作提供参考。     

小氮肥厂噪声污染调查及分析

通过对九家小氮肥厂的噪声测量调查,分析了噪声的分布规律和污染特点,总结了小氮肥行来的噪声污染状况,并对主要的高噪声机械设备进行了声源分析,为今后的噪声控制工程设计提供了基础资料和设计依据。     

"十一五"我国废钢供应及钢铁工业成就回顾与展望

回顾了"十一五"期间我国钢铁生产及废钢回收供应情况,总结了2010年我国冶金炉料行业的重大变化求及行情,对2011年世界及我国粗钢产量进行预测的同时,分析预测我国2011年废钢市场的需求量.     

500kV变电站噪声控制措施比较研究

为控制500 kV变电站噪声污染,以某500 kV变电站为例,根据变电站的总平面布置,结合国内外现有研究成果与工程经验提出了A、B、C三种噪声控制方案,分别是增高围墙、设置隔声墙和优化布置GIS室,并采用Cadna/A噪声预测软件分析比较了各措施降噪效果.结果表明,A、B、C三种方案对厂界噪声排放的控制效果均较明显.对于站外声环境敏感建筑物,A方案设置隔声墙和C方案优化布置500 kV GIS室的效果较好.研究成果可为500 kV变电站的设计和噪声防治提供参考.     

大姚电厂总排水水质预测

火电厂排水对环境的影响不仅要考虑灰场灰水,而且要考虑厂区下水道即总排口排水对环境水体的影响,尤其在水源保护区附近。对于新建电厂,无法获得总排口水水质实测资料。要做好环境评价,就必须对总排口水水质进行预测。笔者在进行巢湖大姚村电厂(新建40万瓩机组)水体环境影响评价时,对该电厂总排口排水水质进行了预测,供同行参考。     

城市生活垃圾产量预测模型

分析了昆明市1996-2001年度每年垃圾产生量的数据,由此提出了可应用于南方城市垃圾产量预测的GM(1,1)SSODMM灰色模型.通过几次迭代后,该模型可对非升凹或升凸的原始数据进行较为准确预测,且精度令人满意.计算结果表明通过三次迭代后该模型对昆明城市生活垃圾进行预测的精度达到一级.     

浅谈某热电厂锅炉排汽噪声的综合治理

针对某热电厂锅炉排汽噪声污染大的问题,电厂采取了在锅炉排汽线的排汽口安装消音器、利用“扩容降噪”原理扩大排汽线管径等措施时排汽噪声进行了治理.降噪措施实施后,居民区及厂区内的排汽噪声均达到了噪声排放标准,效果显著.     

Operating windows to assess whether monitored natural attenuation is a technically feasible remediation option for BTEX‐contaminated groundwater

When used in combination with source management strategies, monitored natural attenuation (MNA) is likely to be a technically feasible remediation option if the contaminant persistence time along the flow path is less than (a) the transport time to the compliance point and (b) the time available for groundwater remediation objectives to be achieved. Biodegradation is often the most significant natural attenuation process for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in groundwater. While BTEX transport rates increase with groundwater velocity, examination of data obtained from the published literature for seven sites undergoing MNA revealed significant positive correlations between groundwater velocity and first‐order biodegradation rates for toluene (r = 0.83, P < 0.05), ethylbenzene (r = 0.93, P < 0.01), m‐ and p‐xylene (r = 0.96, P < 0.01), and o‐xylene (r = 0.78, P < 0.05). This is attributed to increased dispersion at higher velocities leading to more mixing of electron acceptors with the contaminant plume. There was no positive correlation between groundwater velocity and first‐order biodegradation rates for benzene due to noise in the relationship caused by variations in (a) the concentrations of electron acceptors in the uncontaminated groundwater and (b) the proportions of benzene in the total BTEX concentration in the source area. A regression model of the relationship between groundwater velocity and the first‐order biodegradation rate can be used to delineate operating windows for groundwater velocity within which the contaminant persistence time is less than the transport and remediation times for a given source concentration, target concentration, distance to compliance point, retardation factor, and remediation time. The operating windows can provide decision makers with a rapid indication of whether MNA is likely to be a technically feasible remediation option at a given site. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Occupational hygiene in a waste incineration plant

The Turku incineration plant was renovated in 1995 to meet the emission requirements of modern waste combustion facilities. It treats presorted municipal waste from 170,000 residents in the Turku area. In the plant, the incineration process produces several types of by-products having importance in terms of occupational hygiene. Although not obligated by the law, the management of the plant has a keen interest in occupational hygiene at the plant, which was studied from 1998 to 2001. Concentrations of microbes, endotoxins, and dust and the noise level were investigated in three different working areas. Microbe measurements were conducted with a six-stage impactor and using the CAMNEA method. Especially in the measurements of viable fungi and actinomycetes, the six-stage impactor gave better results than the CAMNEA method. Concentrations of bio-aerosols and the level of noise were high enough in the waste bunker to be occasionally harmful to the health of employees. The endotoxin concentration could also be harmful to health in the combustion area, and the noise level there exceeded the Finnish threshold value of 85dBA. The total number of microbes (viable+dead) was high in a few measurements in the crane room. One reason for these high numbers was prior moisture damage, which was repaired in 2000. The use of ear protectors is advised in the bunker area and in the combustion area. Use of respirators (class P3) is advised in the bunker area to prevent the exposure of employees to bio-aerosols.     

Estimation of biogas produced by the landfill of Palermo, applying a Gaussian model

In this work, a procedure is suggested to assess the rate of biogas emitted by the Bellolampo landfill (Palermo, Italy), starting from the data acquired by two of the stations for monitoring meteorological parameters and polluting gases. The data used refer to the period November 2005-July 2006. The methane concentration, measured in the CEP suburb of Palermo, has been analysed together with the meteorological data collected by the station situated inside the landfill area. In the present study, the methane has been chosen as a tracer of the atmospheric pollutants produced by the dump. The data used for assessing the biogas emission refer to night time periods characterized by weak wind blowing from the hill toward the city. The methane rate emitted by the Bellolampo dump has been evaluated using a Gaussian model and considering the landfill both as a single point source and as a multiple point one. The comparison of the results shows that for a first approximation it is sufficient to consider the landfill of Palermo as a single point source. Starting from the monthly percentage composition of the biogas, estimated for the study period, the rate of biogas produced by the dump was evaluated. The total biogas produced by the landfill, obtained as the sum of the emitted component and the recovered one, ranged from 7519.97 to 10,153.7m3/h. For the study period the average monthly estimations of biogas emissions into the atmosphere amount to about 60% of the total biogas produced by the landfill, a little higher than the one estimated by the company responsible for the biogas recovery plant at the landfill.     

地面浓度反推法计算石化企业无组织排放源强

对某石化企业储罐区和原油脱酸装置区的无组织排放非甲烷总烃进行监测，对监测数据进行Pearson相关分析，运用地面浓度反推法计算源强。实验结果表明：原油脱酸装置区各采样线浓度间的相关性好，反推出的源强较为准确，50，100，150 m采样线的反推源强非常接近，分别为21.68，21.60，19.76 t/a；而储罐区监测浓度的相关性不佳，该区域的非甲烷总烃无组织排放源可能不单一，不适用地面浓度反推法计算其源强。     

SDR阻尼复合减振降噪技术在锅炉风机系统降噪工程中的应用

在分析了电站锅炉送风机主要噪声源及频谱、噪声特性的基础上,应用噪声控制理论,设计并实施了噪声控制方案,达到了预期的治理效果。电站锅炉风机及管路系统均为中低频噪声,其特点为振动和空气流体混合噪声,噪声衰减慢,传播远。SDR型阻尼吸隔声材料为多层复合分子材料,内设不同孔径、孔型的声学结构。适用于风机、管道、球磨机等壳体结构的减振降噪。使用阻尼胶粘剂粘贴在声源设备壳体表面,辅加吸音棉材料和彩钢外壳约束固定。主要应用于电站锅炉一次风机、吸风机、送风机及其管道减振降噪方面。该技术的特点是在风机和管道等声源表面形成一个吸隔声体,使噪声在声腔内部被吸收和隔绝对外传播。     

Mechanical-biological waste treatment and the associated occupational hygiene in Finland

A special feature of waste management in Finland has been the emphasis on the source separation of kitchen biowaste (catering waste); more than two-thirds of the Finnish population participates in this separation. Source-separated biowaste is usually treated by composting. The biowaste of about 5% of the population is handled by mechanical-biological treatment. A waste treatment plant at Mustasaari is the only plant in Finland using digestion for kitchen biowaste. For the protection of their employees, the plant owners commissioned a study on environmental factors and occupational hygiene in the plant area. During 1998-2000 the concentrations of dust, microbes and endotoxins and noise levels were investigated to identify possible problems at the plant. Three different work areas were investigated: the pre-processing and crushing hall, the bioreactor hall and the drying hall. Employees were asked about work-related health problems. Some problems with occupational hygiene were identified: concentrations of microbes and endotoxins may increase to levels harmful to health during waste crushing and in the bioreactor hall. Because employees complained of symptoms such as dry cough and rash or itching appearing once or twice a month, it is advisable to use respirator masks (class P3) during dusty working phases. The noise level in the drying hall exceeded the Finnish threshold value of 85 dBA. Qualitatively harmful factors for the health of employees are similar in all closed waste treatment plants in Finland. Quantitatively, however, the situation at the Mustasaari treatment plant is better than at some Finnish dry waste treatment plants. Therefore is reasonable to conclude that mechanical sorting, which produces a dry waste fraction for combustion and a biowaste fraction for anaerobic treatment, is in terms of occupational hygiene better for employees than combined aerobic treatment and dry waste treatment.     

炼油厂和石油化工厂环境噪声预测系统

介绍了炼油厂和石油化工厂环境噪声的预测技术、利用计算机进行噪声网络计算的技术原则及噪声等值线圈图的绘制方法，并以大连某炼油厂为计算实例，求出该厂各组合源强的噪声值及噪声在环境中的分布，该预测系统可为企业合理选址和噪声治理提供科学依据。     

Exposure to bioaerosols and noise at a Finnish dry waste treatment plant.

Repeated measurements were carried out during two different campaigns between 1998 and 2001 to assess the occupational hygiene at a Finnish dry waste treatment plant. The analytical determinations were done in four different places within the processing hall of the plant: near a conveyor belt, near a jigger screen, near an after-crusher and near a bailer. Measurements were also carried out in a coffee room for employees. Concentrations of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were determined by two methods (six-stage impactor and Camnea method) and levels of endotoxins, dust and noise were also investigated. High concentrations of microbes and endotoxins and the noise level were found to be a real problem in the waste processing hall. Microbe concentrations were highest during management of the dry waste fraction. Endotoxin concentrations all exceeded the threshold value of 200 EU m(-3) irrespective of the measurement place, with the only exception near the after-crusher where the average concentration was always as low as 60 EU m(-3). The noise level exceeded the Finnish threshold value of 85 dBA. Problems were not easily solved through technical modifications and more radical improvements are needed. Improvements in reliability are also required in the measuring methods before their application in waste treatment plants. In particular, a new method of dust collection is recommended.     

Waste recycling policy in Hong Kong

The positive non-intervention policy adopted by the Hong Kong Government has successfully led Hong Kong to an economically prosperous stage. Nevertheless, the extension of this policy to the area of waste management and waste recycling is a major reason for the sluggish waste recovery rate in Hong Kong even given the fact that Hong Kong is experiencing perhaps the greatest pressure from waste disposal in the world. The official approach to waste recycling is one of bottom-up promotion and encouragement of recycling through environmental education. While environmental education is indispensable in the course of promoting waste recycling, the use of top-down measures, such as legislation and fiscal policies, may be needed for a sustainable waste management. Waste management in Hong Kong has meant “coping with” the continuous growth in waste volume. However, in other areas of environmental management, such as air, water and noise, economic and regulatory instruments like tax differentiation and legislative control have been employed thus showing that a deviation from the minimal regulation requirement is sometimes considered justifiable. The low priority given to waste management and waste recycling for top-down measures leads to the loss of a lot of precious and non-renewable resources, and detriment to the welfare of future generations.