共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Fubin Yin Xiaoqin Zhou Xiaofeng Bai Jing Lian 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(9):951-956
Selecting a material for biogas storage membranes is becoming increasingly vital because of the wide applications of biogas storage membranes in biogas plants. Material selection has numerous influencing factors, including gas permeability, strength, density, and so on. Among these, gas permeability has a vital role in biogas storage membranes. In this study, three kinds of biogas storage membranes with the same thickness were selected to investigate the effects of temperature (10, 20, 30, and 40°C) and relative humidity (RH; 0%, 50%, and 100%) on the permeability rate of biogas storage membranes. Results demonstrated that when various membrane samples with the same RH values were tested, temperature exhibited a strong effect on permeability rate. Kinetic analysis showed that the relationship between permeability and temperature agrees with the Arrhenius equation. However, no remarkable variation in methane permeability was observed for membranes with the same temperature but different RH values, thus suggesting that RH nearly has no obvious direct influence on the permeability rate of membranes. 相似文献
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在汽车、轨道交通和空间领域都存在温度、湿度和振动或冲击的组合环境。通过实验室内受控地在参量范围内模拟环境下暴露样品进行评估。用严酷的环境参量强化试验,通常可在相对较短的时间内获得有效的结果。 相似文献
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The influence of use-related,environmental, and managerial factors on soil loss from recreational trails 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Recreational uses of unsurfaced trails inevitably result in their degradation, with the type and extent of resource impact influenced by factors such as soil texture, topography, climate, trail design and maintenance, and type and amount of use. Of particular concern, the loss of soil through erosion is generally considered a significant and irreversible form of trail impact. This research investigated the influence of several use-related, environmental, and managerial factors on soil loss on recreational trails and roads at Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, a unit of the U.S. National Park Service. Regression modeling revealed that trail position, trail slope alignment angle, grade, water drainage, and type of use are significant determinants of soil loss. The introduction of individual and groups of variables into a series of regression models provides improved understanding and insights regarding the relative influence of these variables, informing the selection of more effective trail management actions. Study results suggest that trail erosion can be minimized by avoiding “fall-line” alignments, steep grades, and valley-bottom alignments near streams, installing and maintaining adequate densities of tread drainage features, applying gravel to harden treads, and reducing horse and all-terrain vehicle use or restricting them to more resistant routes. 相似文献
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D.R. Quigley J.E. Wey C.R. Breckenridge D.L. Stoner 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1988,1(3-4)
Solubilization of nitric acid oxidized Texas lignite by either microorganisms or alkali were compared. Three fungi and three actinomycetes were able to solubilize small amounts of 3.2 N nitric acid-oxidized coal in liquid culture. A correlation was observed between increases in culture fluid pH and solubilization. Extraction of 8 N nitric acid-oxidized Texas lignite with alkaline buffers (pH 7, 8, 10, 11, and 12.3) resulted in extensive coal solubilization. UV-Vis spectra of most microbially solubilized samples were similar to those of alkali solubilized coal. Addition of alkali soluble Texas lignite to growing cultures resulted in no UV-Vis spectral changes with time for the majority of cultures tested. Taken together these data suggest that alkali production is a mechanism by which microorganisms solubilize oxidized coal. 相似文献
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This paper evaluates the relative influences of use, managerial and environmental factors on trail width, from a survey of all formal trails in Acadia National Park, Maine, USA. A Trimble GPS was used to navigate to and collect data at sample points spaced at a 152.4 m (500 ft) interval across all National Park Service trails on Mount Desert Island. Regression analyses focus on increasing understanding of factors that influence the width of formal hiking trails. ANOVA analyses demonstrate differences in trail width based on trail surface type (class), and the presence or absence of trail borders. A novel approach of comparing intended widths to actual widths enabled us to look specifically at the avoidable and undesirable impacts associated with having a trail that is wider than intended. 相似文献
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China has laid out an ambitious strategy for developing its vast shale gas reserves. This study developed an input–output based hybrid life-cycle inventory model to estimate the energy use, water consumption, and air emissions implications of shale gas infrastructure development in China over the period 2013–2020, including well drilling and operation, land rig and fracturing fleet manufacture, and pipeline construction. Multiple scenarios were analyzed based on different combinations of well development rates, well productivities, and success rates. Results suggest that 700–5100 petajoules (PJ) of primary energy will be required for shale gas infrastructure development, while the net primary energy yield of shale gas production over 2013–2020 was estimated at 1650–7150 PJ, suggesting a favorable energy balance. Associated emissions of CO2e were estimated at 80–580 million metric tons, and were primarily attributable to coal-fired electricity generation, fugitive methane, and flaring of methane during shale gas processing and transmission. Direct water consumption was estimated at 20–720 million metric tons. The largest sources of energy use and emissions for infrastructure development were the metals, mining, non-metal mineral products, and power sectors, which should be the focus of energy efficiency initiatives to reduce the impacts of shale gas infrastructure development moving forward. 相似文献
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Mohd Talib Latif Siti Zawiyah Azmi Ahmad Daud Mohamed Noor Aida Shafawati Ismail Zaharizam Johny Shaharudin Idrus Ahmad Fariz Mohamed Mazlin Bin Mokhtar 《The Environmentalist》2011,31(3):315-324
Studies of air quality were carried out in the towns of Kajang, Nilai and Banting in the Langat River Basin, southern region of Kuala Lumpur to determine the status and trend of air quality. The determination of air quality was based on several parameters such as suspended solids with diameters less than 10???m (PM10) and gaseous pollutants of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO). Primary concentration data of air pollutants were compiled through fieldwork studies and combined with secondary data obtained from the regular monitoring data as collected by Alam Sekitar Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (ASMA) on behalf of Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) at their stations in Kajang and Nilai. Results showed that the average concentrations of PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO at all sampling stations were still below the permissible values recommended by the Malaysian DOE. The level of gaseous pollutants of NO2, O3, and CO was recorded at statistically higher levels (p?<?0.05) than values recorded at the control station at Pangsun Recreational Area. These pollutants were suspected to have originated mainly from exhaust systems of motor vehicles. Data for the years 1996 to 2006 as obtained from ASMA showed long-term air quality trends of increasing O3 and NO2 concentrations in Kajang whilst concentrations of PM10 recorded at both Kajang and Nilai stations were mostly expected coming from transboundary sources especially biomass burning and the development activities around the study areas. 相似文献
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Effects of ionic strength, temperature, and pH on degradation of selected antibiotics 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Aqueous degradation rates, which include hydrolysis and epimerization, for chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TET), lincomycin (LNC), sulfachlorpyridazine (SCP), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfathiazole (STZ), trimethoprim (TRM), and tylosin A (TYL) were studied as a function of ionic strength (0.0015, 0.050, or 0.084 mg/L as Na(2)HPO(4)), temperature (7, 22, and 35 degrees C), and pH (2, 5, 7, 9, and 11). Multiple linear regression revealed that ionic strength did not significantly affect (alpha = 0.05) degradation rates for all compounds, but temperature and pH affected rates for CTC, OTC, and TET significantly (alpha = 0.05). Degradation also was observed for TYL at pH 2 and 11. No significant degradation was observed for LNC, SCP, SDM, STZ, TRM, and TYL (pH 5, 7, and 9) under study conditions. Pseudo first-order rate constants, half-lives, and Arrhenius coefficients were calculated where appropriate. In general, hydrolysis rates for CTC, OTC, and TET increased as pH and temperature increased following Arrhenius relationships. Known degradation products were used to confirm that degradation had occurred, but these products were not quantified. Half-lives ranged from less than 6 h up to 9.7 wk for the tetracyclines and for TYL (pH 2 and 11), but no degradation of LIN, the sulfonamides, or TRM was observed during the study period. These results indicate that tetracyclines and TYL at pH 2 and 11 are prone to pH-mediated transformation and hydrolysis in some cases, but not the sulfonamides, LIN nor TRM are inclined to degrade under study conditions. This indicates that with the exception of CTC, OTC, and TET, pH-mediated reactions such as hydrolysis and epimerization are not likely removal mechanisms in surface water, anaerobic swine lagoons, wastewater, and ground water. 相似文献
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E. M. Shaibu-Imodagbe 《The Environmentalist》1991,11(1):33-38
Summary Unplanned discharges of atmospheric pollutants influenced by intense industrialisation, the population explosion and urbanisation result in injury and damage. The intensity and nature of the damage is a function of the concentration of the pollutant and the duration of exposure (dose). This has immediate (acute) and long (chronic) effects on the quantity and quality of agricultural products.Based on the properties of these pollutants, the resulting effects on the receptor may cause biochemical and physiological modifications at the cellular level as well as whole plant, animal and ecosystem alterations. These may cause significant changes in agricultural output.Mr E.M. Shaibu—Imodagbe is Vice—Principal and a lecturer at the Samaru College of Agriculture, of Ahmadu Bello University. He holds a Master's degree in Pollution and Environmental Control from the University of Manchester, UK, and his research special interests are in pollution damage and environmental quality. 相似文献
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Contini D Gambaro A Belosi F De Pieri S Cairns WR Donateo A Zanotto E Citron M 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(9):2119-2129
The direct influence of ship traffic on atmospheric levels of coarse and fine particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been estimated in the urban area of Venice. Data analysis has been performed on results collected at three sites over the summer, when ship traffic is at a maximum. Results indicate that monitoring of the PM daily concentrations is not sufficiently detailed for the evaluation of this contribution, even though it could be useful for specific markers such as PAHs. Therefore a new methodology, based on high temporal resolution measurements coupled with wind direction information and the database of ship passages of the Harbour Authority of Venice has been developed. The sampling sites were monitored with optical detectors (DustTrack® and Mie pDR-1200) operating at a high temporal resolution (20s and 1s respectively) for PM2.5 and PM10. PAH in the particulate and gas phases were recovered from quartz fibre filters and polyurethane foam plugs using pressurised solvent extraction, the extracts were then analysed by gas chromatography- high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our results shows that the direct contribution of ships traffic to PAHs in the gas phase is 10% while the contribution to PM2.5 and to PM10 is from 1% up to 8%. 相似文献
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Vermeire LT Wester DB Mitchell RB Fuhlendorf SD 《Journal of environmental quality》2005,34(5):1559-1565
Selective grazing of burned patches can be intense if animal distribution is not controlled and may compound the independent effects of fire and grazing on soil characteristics. Our objectives were to quantify the effects of patch burning and grazing on wind erosion, soil water content, and soil temperature in sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia Torr.) mixed prairie. We selected 24, 4-ha plots near Woodward, OK. Four plots were burned during autumn (mid-November) and four during spring (mid-April), and four served as nonburned controls for each of two years. Cattle were given unrestricted access (April-September) to burned patches (<2% of pastures) and utilization was about 78%. Wind erosion, soil water content, and soil temperature were measured monthly. Wind erosion varied by burn, year, and sampling height. Wind erosion was about 2 to 48 times greater on autumn-burned plots than nonburned plots during the dormant period (December-April). Growing-season (April-August) erosion was greatest during spring. Erosion of spring-burned sites was double that of nonburned sites both years. Growing-season erosion from autumn-burned sites was similar to nonburned sites except for one year with a dry April-May. Soil water content was unaffected by patch burn treatments. Soils of burned plots were 1 to 3 degrees C warmer than those of nonburned plots, based on mid-day measurements. Lower water holding and deep percolation capacity of sandy soils probably moderated effects on soil water content and soil temperature. Despite poor growing conditions following fire and heavy selective grazing of burned patches, no blowouts or drifts were observed. 相似文献
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The purpose of this research was to determine changes in negative air ion (NAI) concentrations produced by plants grown under different light intensities. NAI concentrations were observed and analyzed in an outdoor green space with five plant species (Aloe arborescens, Clivia miniata, Chlorophytum comosum, Opuntia brunnescens, Crassula portulacea) and A. arborescens was then grown under controlled-light conditions in an enclosed space for the subsequent light intensity experiment. 相似文献
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This study investigates the impact of a refurbishment of two communal spaces —lobby and recreation room— of a care home in the Netherlands on residents’ subjective well-being. The refurbishments aimed to improve the aesthetic appearance of both spaces and to offer residents more possibilities for controlled interaction. Data were collected by means of pre- and post-intervention interviews among all residents that were able to respond (N = 39), and by means of observations. Results showed that most respondents evaluated the refurbishment of both spaces positively on residential quality, aesthetic quality, and possibility for controlled interaction. In addition, residents’ subjective well-being increased significantly. Subjective well-being appeared to be quite strongly related to the 3 evaluative aspects. Results suggest that the physical changes in care homes can help improve residents’ subjective well-being. 相似文献
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The influence of biochar and black carbon on reduction and bioavailability of chromate in soils 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Choppala GK Bolan NS Megharaj M Chen Z Naidu R 《Journal of environmental quality》2012,41(4):1175-1184
The widespread use of chromium (Cr) has a deleterious impact on the environment. A number of pathways, both biotic and abiotic in character, determine the fate and speciation of Cr in soils. Chromium exists in two predominant species in the environment: trivalent [(Cr(III)] and hexavalent [Cr(VI)]. Of these two forms, Cr(III) is nontoxic and is strongly bound to soil particles, whereas Cr(VI) is more toxic and soluble and readily leaches into groundwater. The toxicity of Cr(VI) can be mitigated by reducing it to Cr(III) species. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of organic carbon sources on the reduction, microbial respiration, and phytoavailability of Cr(VI) in soils. Organic carbon sources, such as black carbon (BC) and biochar, were tested for their potential in reducing Cr(VI) in acidic and alkaline contaminated soils. An alkaline soil was selected to monitor the phytotoxicity of Cr(VI) in sunflower plant. Our results showed that using BC resulted in greater reduction of Cr(VI) in soils compared with biochar. This is attributed to the differences in dissolved organic carbon and functional groups that provide electrons for the reduction of Cr(VI). When increasing levels of Cr were added to soils, both microbial respiration and plant growth decreased. The application of BC was more effective than biochar in increasing the microbial population and in mitigating the phytotoxicity of Cr(VI). The net benefit of BC emerged as an increase in plant biomass and a decrease in Cr concentration in plant tissue. Consequently, it was concluded that BC is a potential reducing amendment in mitigating Cr(VI) toxicity in soil and plants. 相似文献
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Jeff Joireman Heather Barnes Truelove Blythe Duell 《Journal of environmental psychology》2010,30(4):358-367
It is generally acknowledged that global warming is occurring, yet estimates of future climate change vary widely. Given this uncertainty, when asked about climate change, it is likely that people’s judgments may be affected by heuristics and accessible schemas. Three studies evaluated this proposition. Study 1 revealed a significant positive correlation between the outdoor temperature and beliefs in global warming. Study 2 showed that people were more likely to believe in global warming when they had first been primed with heat-related cognitions. Study 3 demonstrated that people were more likely to believe in global warming and more willing to pay to reduce global warming when they had first been exposed to a high vs. a low anchor for future increases in temperature. Together, results reveal that beliefs about global warming (and willingness to take actions to reduce global warming) are influenced by heuristics and accessible schemas. Several practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
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Massoomeh Hedayati Marzbali Aldrin Abdullah Nordin Abd. Razak Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki 《Journal of environmental psychology》2012
People's perception of crime and incivilities vary considerably depending on their attitudes towards environmental conditions. This paper investigated the hypothesised relationships between Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), victimisation and fear of crime. The checklist was administered by using on-site observation to measure the CPTED construct followed by a self-administered questionnaire to explore the residents' perceptions of victimisation and fear of crime in their area of residency. In all, 164 respondents from a selected group of residents were involved in this study. The structural equation modelling technique was employed and the results indicate that CPTED is negatively related to victimisation. The model also shows that there is a significant positive direct influence of victimisation on fear of crime. However, no direct significant relationship was found between CPTED and fear of crime, but a negative indirect relationship between CPTED and fear of crime was observed through victimisation. 相似文献