厌氧颗粒污泥对五氯苯酚的吸附、解吸和生物降解研究

在以氯苯酚驯化污泥接种的上流式厌氧反应器中可形成降解ＰＣＰ的厌氧颗粒污泥。在ＨＲＴ２０－２２ｈ,ＰＣＰ负葆率２００－２２０ｍｇ／（Ｌ．ｄ）时,该反应器可有效地处理含ＰＣＰ１７０－１８０ｍｇ／Ｌ的废水,ＰＣＰ去大于９９．５％ＰＣＰ在砂氧颗粒污泥上的吸附和解吸均符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温方程,吸附是部分不可逆的,该方程可较好地描述厌氧反应器内颗粒污泥对ＰＣＰ的吸附量的变化规律。试验表明厌氧颗粒污泥去     

pH对厌氧颗粒污泥吸附4-氯酚的影响

研究了pH值对4-氯酚在厌氧颗粒污泥上的生物吸附特性的影响.结果表明,pH值对4-氯酚的吸附影响很大,pH值与吸附量呈负相关.随着pH值的升高,颗粒污泥对4-氯酚的吸附能力降低.pH为2.25时,吸附量为6.675　mg/g,而当pH为10.27时,吸附量仅为0.260　mg/g.不同的pH值下,4-氯酚在厌氧颗粒污泥上的吸附行为可以很好地用Langmuir吸附等温方程来描述.本研究还给出了几种pH值下厌氧颗粒污泥吸附4-氯酚的Langmuir和Freundlich方程.     

高温厌氧颗粒污泥对活性染料的吸附、解吸特性研究

试验考察高温(55℃)厌氧颗粒污泥对活性染料(以活性艳红X-3B(RR2)为代表)的吸附、解吸特征。试验结果表明,高温厌氧颗粒污泥的RR2染料吸附和解吸均符合Freundlich等温式,部分RR2被不可逆吸附;温度和盐度对高温厌氧颗粒污泥的吸附作用均有影响。     

工业有机废水为共基质培养降解五氯酚厌氧颗粒污泥

研究了工业有机废水和五氯酚(PCP)共存条件下,改良UASB反应器中厌氧污泥的颗粒化过程.实验发现降解PCP厌氧颗粒污泥形成可分成污泥驯化、颗粒污泥出现与成熟3个阶段,污泥颗粒化过程中污泥量、污泥活性和厌氧消化3大类群细菌数量与生态分布发生特征性变化,所培养颗粒污泥具有脱氯降解PCP的活性,产甲烷优势菌为杆状或长丝状产甲烷丝菌,在生物结构上形成互营微菌落,但污泥颗粒无明显层次性微结构.作为共基质的有机废水其种类影响着颗粒化进程、颗粒污泥脱氯活性与产甲烷优势菌.     

生物污泥对染料的吸附及胞外聚合物的作用

对比研究了4种生物污泥（包括活性污泥、厌氧污泥、干活性污泥、干厌氧污泥）对染料酸性湖蓝A的吸附,并考察了胞外聚合物（EPS）以及外层溶解性胞外聚合物（SEPS）和内层固着性胞外聚合物（BEPS）在此过程中所起的作用．结果表明,4种污泥吸附量与染料平衡浓度之间均既符合Freundlich模型（R²为0.921～0.995）,又符合Langmuir模型（R²为0.958～0.993）,但不符合BET模型（R²为0.07～0.863）．干厌氧污泥对染料酸性湖蓝A的吸附性能最好,干活性污泥的吸附性能最差．从Langmuir等温方程来看,干厌氧污泥的最大吸附量最高,为104 mg/g,其次为厌氧污泥的吸附（86 mg/g）、活性污泥（65 mg/g）,干活性污泥的最大吸附量最低,仅为20 mg/g．EPS的吸附量占整个活性污泥和厌氧污泥的吸附量的比例均大于50%,活性污泥和厌氧污泥对染料酸性湖蓝A的吸附主要是EPS的吸附所贡献. 厌氧污泥吸附染料酸性湖蓝A时, BEPS起主要作用; 而活性污泥吸附时,SEPS起主要作用.对2种污泥而言,SEPS的单位质量吸附量均远大于BEPS的单位质量吸附量, 活性污泥平均为52倍, 厌氧污泥为10倍. 厌氧污泥BEPS的吸附用Langmuir模型拟合,效果最好（R²为0.998 6）．     

厌氧颗粒污泥对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能研究

以厌氧颗粒污泥为生物吸附剂,研究了Cu2+吸附过程的动力学和热力学、污泥投加量和pH值对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:厌氧颗粒污泥对Cu2+的吸附过程为吸热、熵增的自发过程,可用伪二级反应动力学模型和Langmuir、Freundlich等温方程进行拟合;溶液温度为35℃、pH值为5时吸附效果最好。     

兼氧、好氧污泥对对苯二甲酸的生物吸附及降解

研究了连续试验方法培养的未驯化兼氧、好氧污泥对TA的吸附、解吸规律。结果表明,TA在活性污泥上的吸附、解吸规律符合Freudlich等温方程,该方程能较好的预测好氧反应器污泥对TA的吸附量;活性污泥的Freudlich吸附常数和解吸常数不同,表明污泥的生物吸附是一部分不可逆过程;好氧污泥对TA的吸附量大于兼氧污泥。连续试验过程中,反应器内活性污泥对TA的去除机制主要是生物降解作用,而不是生物吸附作用。     

升流式厌氧污泥床处理含五氯酚废水的研究

研究了升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)在中温条件下处理含五氯酚(PCP)模拟废水时工艺特点及PCP降解机理。结果表明:①在以处理啤酒废水的厌氧颗粒污泥为接种物(VSS接种量约15 g /L),运行温度为(35±1) ℃,水力停留时间为20～24 h,进水COD浓度为2 500～2 800 mg/L;进水PCP浓度由1.0 mg/L上升至8.0 mg/L条件下,120 d左右完成启动,PCP和COD去除率分别为94%及86%以上。②高效液相色谱仪检测结果分析表明,PCP厌氧降解的途径是首先经间位脱氯生成四氯酚和2,4,6－三氯酚,再经邻位和对位脱氯生成2,4－二氯酚和邻氯苯酚,最后矿化为CH₄和CO₂。      

升流式厌氧污泥床处理含五氯酚废水的工艺特性

研究了升流式厌氧污泥床反应器（UASB）在中温条件下处理含五氯酚（PCP）模拟废水时的工艺特点及PCP降解机理。结果表明,在以处理啤酒废水的厌氧颗粒污泥为接种物（接种量约15gVSS/L）,运行温度为35±1℃,水力停留时间20～24h,进水COD浓度为2500～2800mg/L,进水PCP浓度由1.0mg/L上升至8.0mg/L条件下,120d左右完成启动,COD和PCP去除率分别为86％及94％以上。高效液相色谱仪检测结果分析表明,PCP厌氧降解的途径是首先经间位脱氯生成四氯酚和2,4,6-三氯酚,再经邻位和对位脱氯生成2,4-二氯酚和邻氯苯酚,最后矿化为CH₄和CO₂。     

好氧颗粒污泥吸附Cu2+的研究

以厌氧颗粒污泥作为接种物,在序批式间歇反应器(SBR)中培养出沉淀性能较好的好氧颗粒污泥,研究了好氧颗粒污泥对Cu2+的吸附作用.结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥主要由球状菌组成,具有明显的孔隙结构.在恒温水浴30℃、pH为7.5的条件下,Langmuir吸附等温模型较Freundlich等温吸附模型能更好的进行拟合(RL=0....     

ATP as an indicator of biomass activity in thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

This work investigated the biomass activity in a thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor of wastewater treatment. Synthetic textile wastewater with pH 10-11, COD level of 2000-3000 mg/L was tested. Cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in volatile solids (VS; mg ATP/gVS) was measured and expressed as specific ATP content to compare the biomass activity in up zone and lower zone in UASB reactor. The result shows that the specific ATP content based on total volatile solids (VS)in lower zone (0. 046 mgATP/gVS average) is much lower than that in up zone (0.62 mgATP/gVS average) due to high content of inactive biomass and high pH in lower zone. The SATP in up zone increases as HRT increases and approaches to a maximum value of 0.85 mgATP/gVS at HRT of 7h, then decreases. It shows most of the total VS in up zone represent active bacterial biomass at HRT of 7h. Rate of subtract utilization is directly related to the activity of microorganisms in the reactor. The effect of HRT on SATP in lower zone is not as significant as on SATP in up zone. The buffer capacity of the thermophilic UASB reactor is very good. It is the activity of sludge granules in lower zone that give the UASB reactor such a good buffer capacity to the inlet high pH.     

ATP as an indicator of biomass activity in thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

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Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at ambient temperature

IntroductionPhenolistherawmaterialforthecommercialproductionofawidevarietyofresins ,includingphenolicresinsasconstructionmaterialsforautomobilesandappliances,expoxyresinsasadhesives ,andpolyamideforvariousapplications.Inaddition ,phenolsareoftenfoundinwas…     

Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperatureKE

A synthetic wastewater containing phenol as sole substrate was treated in a 2.8 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperature. The operation conditions and phenol removal efficiency were discussed, microbial population in the UASB sludge was identified based on DNA cloning, and pathway of anaerobic phenol degradation was proposed. Phenol in wastewater was degraded in an UASB reactor at loading rate up to 18 gCOD/(L·d), With a 1:1 recycle ratio, at 26(1℃, pH 7.0-7.5. An UASB reactor was able to remove 99% of phenol up to 1226 mg/L in wastewater with 24 h of hydraulic retention time(HRT). For HRT below 24 h, phenol degradation efficiency decreased with HRT, from 95.4% at 16 h to 93.8% at 12 h. It further deteriorated to 88.5% when HRT reached 8 h. When the concentration of influent phenol of the reactor was 1260 mg/L(corresponding COD 3000 mg/L), with the HRT decreasing(from 40 h to 4 h, corresponding COD loading increasing), the biomass yields tended to increase from 0.265 to 3.08 g/(L·d). While at 12 h of HRT, the biomass yield was lower. When HRT was 12 h, the methane yield was 0.308 L/(gCOD removed), which was the highest. Throughout the study, phenol was the sole organic substrate. The effluent contained only residual phenol without any detectable intermediates, such as benzoate, 4-hydrobenzoate or volatile fatty acids(VFAs). Based on DNA cloning analysis, the sludge was composed of five groups of microorganisms. Desulfotomaculum and Clostridium were likely responsible for the conversion of phenol to benzoate, which was further degraded by Syntrophus to acetate and H2/CO2. Methanogens lastly converted acetate and H2/CO2 to methane. The role of epsilon-Proteobacteria was, however, unsure.     

水溶性有机物对土壤吸附-解吸菲的影响

以Tween-80为对照,有机物料猪粪(pig manure, PM)、绿肥(green manure, GM)和污泥(sewage sludge, SS)为水溶性有机物(dissolved organic matter, DOM)的提取原料,菲(Phe)为多环芳烃(PAHs)的代表,采用序批试验研究了不同来源DOM对土壤吸附与解吸Phe的影响.结果表明,供试DOM均能明显降低Phe在土壤上的吸附.在DOM试验浓度范围内（0～300 mg·L^-1）,土壤对Phe的吸附量与DOM浓度之间呈极显著负直线相关关系(r_PM>=-0.988?8,r_SS>=-0.982?6,r_Tween-80>=-0.974?3,r_GM>=-0.990?5).菲的吸附等温线可用Freundlich方程定量描述.供试3种DOM抑制土壤吸附Phe和促进土壤吸附Phe的解吸的强弱顺序为:猪粪DOM>污泥DOM>绿肥DOM.本研究结果表明,农业土壤中水溶性有机物能明显活化土壤中的PAHs,增强其在土壤中的移动性.     

熟污泥改性黄土对铜的吸附解吸特征

为探明熟污泥改性黄土对重金属的容纳能力,以熟污泥改性黄土为供试土样,采用序批实验法研究了供试土样对铜(Cu)的吸附解吸特征,并分析了供试土样对铜的固定能力及影响因素.供试土样对铜的吸附量在铜添加浓度小于100mg/L时急剧增加,在铜添加浓度大于100mg/L时增加缓慢,而解吸量的变化趋势则恰恰相反.Langmuir型吸附等温式是描述供试土样对铜的吸附过程的最佳模型,而吸附量与解吸量的关系可以很好的用指数函数来描述.供试土样对铜的固定吸附量随熟污泥含量的增加而增加,有机质含量是决定性因素.