MBR与PAC-MBR对微污染水源水中总磷的去除效果研究

通过曝气、膜组件、反应器等方面的改进,用MBR与PAC(粉末活性炭)-MBR处理微污染水中得总磷(TP).实验结果表明:MBR稳定后出水TP含量低于0.02mg/L,去除率达到90％左右,有效的解决了此类微污染水体富营养化的干扰;而PAC-MBR组合工艺对TP的处理效果明显优于MBR工艺,稳定后对TP的去除率达到98％以上.     

微污染水源水中NO2--N的去除

采用生物接触氧化法对北京某水库的微污染水源水进行了去除NO2-—N的试验研究。结果表明,运行期间,生物接触氧化柱(简称生化柱)对NO2-—N的去除率最高可达98%。水温对NO2-—N的去除效果有很大影响,水温越高,生化柱去除NO2-—N的效果越好;在原水水温相同的条件下,原水中NH4+—N浓度越低,生化柱去除NO2-—N的效率越高;原水中NO2-—N浓度越高,生化柱去除NO2-—N的效率越高。     

活性炭对水中有机物去除的研究

活性炭吸附是受污染水源水深度处理的有效手段，本文较系统地研究和阐述了颗粒活性炭对水中有机物吸附的选择性。活性炭可有效降低水的致突变活性，有时能使Ａｍｅｓ试验的阳性水转化为阴性水；活性炭对分子量小于３０００，尤其是分子量５００￣１０００的有机物能较好的去除；活性炭对消毒副产物卤乙酸（ＨＡＡｓ）的控制周期较三卤甲烷（ＴＨＭｓ）更长。     

混凝和活性炭吸附去除微污染水源水中DON的研究

溶解性有机氮(dissolved organic nitrogen,DON)作为饮用水中新兴氮消毒副产物(nitrogenous disinfection by-products,N-DBPs)的前体物逐渐受到国内外学者的关注.为探讨混凝和活性炭吸附对微污染水源水中DON的去除机制,首先测定原水中DON、溶解性有机炭(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)、NH4+-N、UV254、pH和溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)等指标和DON、DOC分子量分布;接着通过混凝和活性炭吸附试验来考察原水中DON、DOC和UV254变化,并应用三维荧光光谱对原水中DON变化进行表征.结果表明,微污染水源水中DON、DOC和UV254分别为1.28 mg.L-1、8.56 mg.L-1和0.16 cm-1,DOC与DON比值(DOC/DON)为6.69 mg.mg-1,SUVA为1.87 m-1.(mg.L-1)-1;小分子量(<6 000)DON占较高比例约为68%,大分子量(>20 000)DON占的比例为22%;当混凝剂投加量为10 mg.L-1,DON的去除率大约为20%,DOC和UV254去除率约26%、70%;当活性炭投加量为1.0 g,DON、DOC和UV254的去除率大约为60%、35%、100%;混凝和活性炭吸附组合试验时,对DON、DOC的去除率大约为82%和64%;三维荧光光谱证实,原水中DON变化与3个主要峰有关,分别代表物质为色氨酸类蛋白质、芳香族类蛋白质和富里酸类物质.     

介孔复合吸附材料对微污染水源水中有机污染物的吸附试验

研究介孔复合吸附材料对微污染水源水中有机污染物和总磷的去除效果。静态吸附试验结果表明,介孔复合吸附材料对微污染水源水的TOC和总P去除率分别为76.7%和68.9%;TOC饱和吸附量为5.27mg/(g·L),总P饱和吸附量为0.486mg/(g·L);动态吸附试验结果表明,介孔复合吸附材料的最佳处理量为35mL/g,最佳吸附流速为5mL/min,在此条件下对TOC和总P的去除效果分别为68.7%和20.3%。综上所述,介孔复合吸附材料的整体吸附效果与活性炭相当,具有一定的应用价值。     

MBR去除水中新型微污染物PPCPs的效果及影响因素

结合MBR和新型微污染物药品和个人护理用品(PPCPs)的特性,论述了MBR对水中PPCPs的去除效果,并分析其处理过程中的主要影响因素,以期为进一步的研究应用提供理论基础及参考。     

微污染水源水中毒害有机物的控制措施及最新研究进展

目前中国饮用水有机物污染日益加重,其危害性也逐渐被人们所重视,随着科学发展,许多水处理方法不断开发。文中阐述了控制微污染水源水中毒害有机物的主要措施：强化混凝、吸附、臭氧/生物活性炭联用、化学氧化、离子交换、膜技术等,不同的处理工艺对不同有机物的去除能力不同,某些工艺本身亦存在着问题,如膜技术存在着膜污染问题等,目前的研究是将多个工艺组合起来,形成联合工艺,从而达到多种污染物同时去除的目的,获得较好的水质。     

湘江微污染饮用水源水生物过滤去除特性研究

通过试验探讨了不同滤料介质组成的生物滤柱对湘江微污染水源的处理效果。结果表明,生物过滤具有良好的去浊性能,浊度的去除是传统吸附截留和生物吸附共同作用的结果;生物过滤可有效去除微污染水源中的有机物,NH+4-N,总铁和Mn2+,提高饮用水生物稳定性。颗粒活性炭-石英砂双层滤料组合要优于石英砂单层滤料和无烟煤-石英砂双层滤料,加氯水反冲洗不利于生物滤池的运行。      

潜流湿地植物优选及对总磷日均去除负荷研究

以5种人工湿地常用植物芦苇、香蒲、菖蒲、水葱和黄花鸢尾为研究对象,利用静态污水水培试验,通过对比每种植物3 d内对氮、磷的去除率,确定适宜的潜流湿地品种为芦苇和香蒲,芦苇对氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除率分别为30.2%、18.4%和29.2%,香蒲对氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除率分别为25.1%、15.4%和29.2%。并且分析每种植物的总磷日均去除负荷量,芦苇和香蒲的总磷日均去除负荷量为70 mg/(d·m2),试验结果对工程设计具有参考价值。     

改进MBR反应器对污染物去除性能的研究

对膜生物反应器提出了合理改进,采用射流曝气为反应器充氧,并对改进后的MBR对污染物的去除效果及机制进行了研究,结果表明,改进后的MBR对COD、氨氮具有良好的去除效果,对COD的去除率能保持在95%以上,氨氮的去除率维持在99%以上。反应器运行的前期生化反应在对COD的去除起主导地位,但随着运行时间的延长,膜对去除COD的贡献率增大。     

微污染水源水处理技术探析

近年来,我国不少地区饮用水水源水质日益恶化,水质净化面临新的问题。通过对微污染水源水处理技术的分析,阐明了微污染水处理的基本理论,探讨了强化传统处理工艺、预处理技术、深化处理技术的作用效果与机理,展望了我国饮用水源水处理发展趋势。     

Influence of carbon source and temperature on the denitrifying phosphorus removal process

To supply the valuable operating parameters for the popular usage of the new denitrifying phosphors removal process, it is essential to study the dominant biochemical reactions and the characteristics of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB). Thus, parallel batch experiments using DPB sludge were carried out to assess the effect of substrates (sewage, HAc, and endogenous carbon source) on denitrifying dephosphorus removal efficiency in this study. The results showed that the initial specific phosphorus release rate increased with the high concentration of the short-chain volatile fatty acids ratio in the influent, and sufficient phosphorus was released by DPB. This improved the subsequent denitrification and phosphorus uptake efficiency. The specific endogenous denitrification mainly relies on the internal carbon source (PHB) stored by poly-P bacteria. Denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria were very hungry when the internal PHB was consumed. Consequently, the specific endogenous denitrification rate was low and the phosphorus uptake did not happen. On the other hand, in the experiment, the denitrifying phosphorus removal performance under two temperature conditions (8–10°C and 25–26°C) was also investigated and analyzed. It was found that the lower temperature decreased the specific phosphorus release and uptake rate, but did not inhibit the denitrifying phosphorus removal completely. Therefore, the negative influence of the low temperature on the overall phosphorus removal was not significant. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26 (2): 186–192 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

泥炭净化含油污水的研究

泥炭比重小、质量轻，富含有机质，是一种吸附能力很强的吸油材料。本文通过大量试验论述了泥炭净化含油污水的实验条件和方法。结果表明。泥炭经热加工处理后，由原来的亲水性变成疏水性，在含油污水中实现吸油而不吸水；采用不同的净化方式效果不同，静态方式泥炭可吸附其自身重量的５－１０倍的油，动态吸油高达１０倍以上；藓类泥炭、草木泥炭及木本泥炭对油的吸附效果也不同，分别可吸附油６—９．５Ｌ／Ｋｇ、４—８Ｌ－／Ｋｇ和１—２．５Ｌ／Ｌｇ。     

两种传统构型MBR的特点及改进型MBR

介绍了两种传统构型MBR的特点，以及改进构型与两者的比较，并通过实验对改进构型进行观察分析。     

Ozonolysis of ketoprofen in polluted water:Reaction pathways,kinetics,removal efficiency,and health effects

Ketoprofen(KET),as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug frequently detected in aqueous environments,is a threat to human health due to its accumulation and low biodegradabil-ity,which requires the transformation and degradation of KET in aqueous environments.In this paper,the reaction process of ozone-initiated KET degradation in water was investi-gated using density functional theory(DFT)method at the M06-2X/6-311++g(3df,2p)//M06-2X/6-31+g(d,p)level.The detailed reaction path of KET ozonation is proposed.The thermo-dynamic results show that ozone-initiated KET degradation is feasible.Under ultraviolet ir-radiation,the reaction of ozone with water can also produce OH radicals(HO)that can react with KET.The degradation reaction of KET caused by HO·was further studied.The kinetic calculation illustrates that the reaction rate(1.99 x 10-1(mol/L)-1 sec-1)of KET ozonation is relatively slow,but the reaction rate of HO reaction is relatively high,which can further im-prove the degradation efficiency.On this basis,the effects of pollutant concentration,ozone concentration,natural organic matter,and pH value on degradation efficiency under UV/O3 process were analyzed.The ozonolysis reaction of KET is not sensitive to pH and is basically unaffected.Finally,the toxicity prediction of oxidation compounds produced by degradation reaction indicates that most of the degradation products are harmless,and a few products containing benzene rings are still toxic and have to be concerned.This study serves as a the-oretical basis for analyzing the migration and transformation process of anti-inflammatory compounds in the water environment.     

Role of extracellular exopolymers on biological phosphorus removal

Three sequencing batch reactors supplied with different carbon sources were investigated. The system supplied with glucose gained the best enhanced biological phosphorus removal although all of the three reactors were seeded from the same sludge. With the measurement of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate （PHA） concentration, phosphorus content in sludge and extracellular exopolymers （EPS） with scanning electron microscopy （SEM） combined with energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS）, it was found that the biosorption effect of EPS played an important role in phosphorus removal and that the amount of PHA at the end of anaerobic phase was not the only key factor to determine the following phosphorus removal efficiency.     

泥膜复合SBR工艺的脱氮除磷效果的研究

为了提高传统sBR脱氮除磷效率,采用泥膜复合sBR工艺处理人工模拟生活污水,通过小试试验探讨了不同泥龄系统脱氮除磷能力的影响。结果表明：系统不仅对TN、TP表现出稳定良好的去除效率,出水TN、TP浓度符合《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918—2002）的一级A标准;而且提高了系统抗冲击负荷能力。     

鸟粪石法处理高浓度氮磷废水的动态试验研究

本研究以实验室模拟的高浓度氮磷废水为研究对象,采用折流式反应器,探讨了在动态条件下,pH、Mg：P、N：P及水力停留时间对鸟粪石法脱氮除磷的影响。试验结果表明：对于氨氮的去除率,以上四个因素影响相当;对于磷的除率,各因素的影响大小为：N：P〉pH〉Mg：P〉水力停留时间。当模拟水样中的TP浓度为310mg／l,pH为9．7,水力停留时间为60min,Mg：N：P=1．2：1．2：l时,氨氮和磷的去除率分别可高迭85．8％和86．3％。     

自动控制悬浮填料序批式反应器脱氮除磷的研究

选用球形多孔悬浮填料,利用序批式生物膜反应器对模拟城市污水进行试验研究,确定可以以氧化还原电位作为工艺主要控制参数。稳定运行时COD、TN、TP的平均去除效率分别达到97%、83%、94%,出水水质达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的一级A标准。