煤样封闭耗氧试验及其参数测定分析

为确定数值模拟所需的煤氧化参数,介绍了测定煤耗氧速度常数和CO生成比率的常温煤样氧化封闭试验方法.测定数据的回归分析表明,煤样耗氧变化符合负指数函数衰减的一般规律.通过煤样氧化封闭试验,可获得与煤样状态同比条件下煤的耗氧速度、耗氧时生成CO比率和煤样氧化下限氧浓度等重要参数指标.试验验证了煤耗氧速度与环境空气中氧浓度成正比;提出了堆积煤样的体积耗氧速度常数新指标,其值可通过试验直接测定;给出了耗氧速度(量)与CO产生速度(量)的比例变化关系.本研究可为煤自燃过程模拟计算与自燃预测研究提供关键性基础参数.     

复合粒径松散煤体自燃过程的试验研究

为了研究复合粒径对松散煤体自燃的影响,利用自制试验装置对复合粒径松散煤体进行了绝热低温氧化试验。采用破碎机制出粒径分别为1~3 mm、3~5 mm、5~7 mm、7~9 mm、9~11 mm及11~13 mm的6种基础煤样。依据基础煤样进行煤炭自燃试验,试验共分为三大组:第一组为各基础煤样的单独氧化试验;第二组为某两基础煤样按1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、2∶1和3∶1比例混合制成复合煤样的氧化试验;第三组为基础煤样1与其他各基础煤样分别按1∶1混合制成复合煤样的氧化试验。在试验过程中,对煤样的温度及试验装置出口氧气体积分数进行监测,得到了各类煤样温度及氧气体积分数的变化规律。研究结果表明:总体上,随煤样加权粒径的增加,煤样的平均氧化升温速率和在同一温度下的耗氧速率减小,耗氧及温升拐点出现的温度也逐渐升高;复合煤样的氧化升温过程受其比表面积和孔隙率的共同影响,当加权粒径小于6.35 mm时,孔隙率的影响较大,当加权粒径大于6.53 mm时,比表面积的影响较大;复合煤样加权粒径越小,各粒径煤样间的相互影响越强;复合煤样中各煤样间的粒径差距越大,煤样间的相互影响越弱。     

煤油共生矿区含油煤层自燃特性试验研究

为研究煤油共生矿区煤自燃特性,利用煤氧化动力学测定系统,测试原煤样与含油煤样。根据煤自燃倾向性判定标准、耗氧速率及煤氧复合反应理论,分析试验结果。以铜川下石节煤矿煤样和原油样品(煤岩渗出的油,文中称为原油)为例,向原煤样中添加一定量的原油制备含油煤样,通过试验获得原煤样与含油煤样低温阶段(30~240℃)的自燃特性参数。研究结果表明,2种煤样自燃倾向性等级均为自燃,但原煤样更接近于易自燃;相同温度条件下含油煤样的耗氧速率、CO与CO2的生成量均比原煤样小;在低温氧化阶段,造成上述结果的主要原因是,原油充填了煤样的部分空隙和孔隙,阻碍了煤氧复合反应。     

煤自燃发火潜伏期不同温度下耗氧特性的研究

为了探究地层温度的升高对采空区自燃倾向性的影响,对处于自燃潜伏期的煤展开耗氧特性和CO释放特性的研究。通过对长平矿3#煤分别进行20~60℃的封闭耗氧实验,得到了自燃潜伏期不同温度下煤的氧浓度以及CO浓度随时间变化的曲线。对氧浓度变化曲线和CO浓度变化曲线进行拟合分析得到了不同温度下煤的氧气消耗和CO生成速度,同时得到了氧浓度衰减系数和CO浓度增长系数。封闭耗氧实验结果表明:从20~60℃氧气消耗速度逐渐增大并且氧浓度衰减系数呈指数增长,CO浓度增长系数也逐渐增大并且同样呈指数增长,煤的窒熄带氧浓度临界值从20~60℃逐渐由16.8%降低到12.4%。为探究不同温度下采空区煤的自燃发火危险性,将封闭耗氧实验结果的参数应用到采空区CFD数值模拟仿真中,模拟得到随着温度升高采空区窒熄带临界氧浓度位置由200 m增长到380 m。结果表明:常温下不易自燃的煤在较高的环境温度下表现出了较强的氧气消耗和CO释放能力,并且采空区自然氧化带随着温度的升高动态变宽,增大了采空区的自燃发火危险性。     

空气湿度对煤自燃特性影响的试验研究

为研究空气湿度对煤自燃特性的影响,运用程序升温试验台,在不同环境湿度条件下,对黄陵2号矿4#煤层煤样进行程序升温,分析不同温度下的气体成分,计算煤样在不同温度和湿度条件下的耗氧速率、CO和CO_2产生率,以及煤氧化的表观活化能。结果表明:与在干燥的空气中氧化相比,煤在加湿空气中的耗氧速率、CO和CO_2产生率升高,活化能降低,表明加湿有利于煤自燃;随空气湿度增加,煤体的耗氧速率、cO和CO_2产生率先升高后降低,活化能先降低后增加,表明存在一个最容易使煤氧化自燃的临界空气湿度;黄陵2号矿4#煤层煤样的临界相对湿度为25%左右。     

空气相对湿度对煤自燃特性的影响研究

为研究空气相对湿度对煤自燃特性的影响,运用自制空气湿度控制装置和程序升温试验台,通入湿度不同的空气,对砚石台矿煤样进行程序升温,测定不同温度下所产生气体的浓度,分析耗氧速率、CO和CO2产生率、放热强度以及自燃极限参数的变化规律。试验结果表明:低温氧化前期,煤体的耗氧速率、放热强度和CO产生率与空气相对湿度成正比。随着反应的进行,85%或32%的湿度均会对耗氧速率、放热强度和CO产生率产生一定的抑制作用;CO2产生率随空气相对湿度的增大先升高后降低,最小浮煤厚度和下限氧浓度随空气相对湿度的增大先减小后增大,上限漏风强度先增大后减小。增大空气相对湿度对煤低温氧化前期有促进作用,其自燃环境条件更易被满足,自燃危险性升高。     

水化煤饱和-风干过程的自燃特性实验研究

为了掌握水化煤饱和-风干过程中不同风干时间煤样的自燃特性,对水化煤样进行不同风干时间的实验煤样预处理,形成不同风干时间的水化煤样。通过煤样含水率测试、物理吸附实验和程序升温实验,对不同饱和-风干时间的水化煤样以及原煤样的吸氧量和CO,CO2,CH4,C2H4,C2H6,C3H8气体浓度随煤温的变化规律进行实验研究。研究结果表明:不同风干时间水化煤样随着煤温的逐渐升高,吸氧量呈先减小后增大趋势;不同风干时间的水化煤样的自燃标志性气体析出速率随煤温的升高均呈指数增大的变化趋势;在低温氧化阶段,水化煤样比原煤反应时间提前,且反应速率更快,这表明水化煤样比原煤样更加容易发生自燃,且风干时间为20 min的水化煤危险性更大。     

不同变质程度煤自燃特性及低温氧化动力学分析

为了研究不同变质程度煤在低温氧化自燃过程中的特性,以及煤样变质程度对煤自燃过程的影响,利用程序升温试验系统研究了不同变质程度煤在低温氧化阶段气体与特征温度变化规律。通过计算其耗氧速率、放热强度,分析了耗氧速率、放热强度与温度之间的对应关系。同时分析了煤样变质程度对CO、CO₂气体及耗氧速率、放热强度的影响规律。根据程序升温的试验条件和阿伦尼乌斯公式建立了CO与温度的计算模型,分析了该方程的线性回归直线斜率,计算了不同变质程度煤低温氧化活化能,分析并印证了煤样变质程度与活化能之间的关系。根据不同煤质工业分析指标试验结果,进一步阐述了各煤种主要煤质工业分析指标的差别,分析了主要指标与煤程序升温试验自燃氧化参数的相关性,同时分析了主要工业分析指标对各特征参数的影响。结果表明:煤在低温氧化自燃过程所产出的CO和CO₂气体释放量、耗氧速率及放热强度均随温度升高而呈指数级增长;随煤样变质程度增加,CO和CO₂气体、耗氧速率、放热强度变化较小;煤的变质程度越高,特征温度和活化能越大;煤样自燃的可能性越小,危险性越小;结合煤样工业分析与活化能发现,水分、灰分、挥发分含量与活化能呈负相关。     

贫氧条件煤自燃产热特性试验研究

为探究煤自燃规律,选取陕西彬长集团大佛寺煤矿40106工作面不同回采时期的2组煤样作为试验样品,开展贫氧条件下煤放热特性试验研究。采用计算机智能动态稳定配气装置,并利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试煤样放热数据。试验数据分析表明:随着煤样温度的升高,煤样放热量受氧体积分数的影响程度逐渐增大;随着环境贫氧程度的增大,即氧体积分数从21%降至5%,煤自燃过程放热速率的分界点温度基本呈线性增高趋势,煤自燃加速氧化阶段被延迟;由分界点确定的缓慢放热阶段与加速放热阶段的活化能均随着氧体积分数的降低而呈线性缓慢升高,贫氧条件对煤样反应及热效应有饱和抑制作用。     

氧气浓度和升温速率对煤自燃特性影响

为探究氧气浓度与升温速率对煤自燃特性的影响，利用TG/DSC-FTIR联用热分析技术测试3种不同变质程度的煤样在不同氧体积分数和不同升温速率下的放热特性，分析3种煤样在氧化过程中特征温度、热效应及标志性气体产生量等参数的变化规律。结果表明：氧体积分数一定时，升温速率越小，放热峰值、特征温度和指标气体释放峰值越向低温区偏移。在相同升温速率下，随着氧气体积分数的减小，煤氧化放热峰值温度降低；煤自燃指标气体峰值对应的温度逐渐向高温区域移动。煤变质程度增高，煤自燃特征温度呈增大趋势；放热量的峰值降低，对应的峰值温度增大；指标气体释放峰值温度增大，自燃危险性呈降低趋势。     

Sources of underground CO: Crushing and ambient temperature oxidation of coal

As a harmful gas in underground coal mine, CO seriously threatened the safety of miners. Currently, the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in goaf is generally considered as the main source of underground CO. CO gas is also widely used as an indicator gas in fire prediction in mines. However, high concentrations of CO are also detected in some mines without spontaneous combustion of coal. Therefore, in the paper, with four ranks of coal, we studied other two potential CO sources: crushing and oxidation at ambient temperature. The more completely crushed coal produces more CO. The concentration of generated CO is inversely proportional to moisture content in coal. Therefore, the addition of water can inhibit the generation process of CO during the crushing process of coal. Lignite with low metamorphic grade can be oxidized to produce CO at ambient temperature (25 °C), and anthracite with high coal rank can be only oxidized to produce CO at 60 °C. Infrared spectra indicated that the coal with rich aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing functional groups are more susceptible to oxidation at room temperature. Moreover, the smaller particle size of coal is more beneficial to the oxidation at ambient temperature to generate CO. CO generation during coal oxidation is also closely related to the ventilation rate.     

基于分段拟合的煤自燃指标气体优选研究*

为更加精确地得出煤自燃的临界温度并找出煤自燃各个阶段最优的指标气体,以此提高煤层自燃预测预报的准确性,选取西北某矿2号煤和3号煤典型煤样开展程序升温-气相色谱实验,采用分段直线拟合的方法,得出煤自燃过程中的耗氧速率突变点温度和氧化产物生成量激增点温度,在此基础上采用灰色关联度分析法对煤干裂温度之后的指标气体进行优选。结果表明:2号煤和3号煤的自燃临界温度分别为73.0 ℃和72.1 ℃,干裂温度分别为112.6 ℃和109.8 ℃;CO适用于2种煤样全温度下的预测预报;φ(C2H4)/φ(C2H6)和C2H4是2号煤干裂温度之后较优的预测预报指标气体;φ(C2H4)/φ(C2H6),C2H4和C2H6是3号煤干裂温度之后较优的预测预报指标气体。     

The relationship between oxygen consumption rate and temperature during coal spontaneous combustion

Spontaneous combustion is a major natural disaster in coal production. In the process of exploring coal self-ignition, a series of hypotheses have been put forward, most scholars agree that the current coal-oxygen compound theory. Oxygen consumption rate reflects the status of coal spontaneous combustion, and it is also one of the parameters necessary for numerical simulation of coal spontaneous combustion. In this paper, a coal heating and oxidation experiment was designed, Experimental device consists of heating and oxidation furnace, gas chromatograph, temperature control and data acquisition systems and other equipment components. Three coal samples whose weight each is 5 g were selected for the study. By experiment, oxygen concentration at the inlet and outlet of temperature oxidation furnace was measured. Oxygen consumption rate is calculated in the heating process of coal according to air flow. In the Cartesian coordinate system, the temperature as abscissa and the oxygen consumption rate for the longitudinal coordinates, drawing the relationship between oxygen consumption rate and temperature plot. And then regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between oxygen consumption rate and coal temperature during the heating and oxidation process of coal. The results show that the oxygen consumption rate and temperature of coal were linear relationships both before and after the critical temperature when the coal temperature is less than 180 °C. Before the critical temperature oxygen consumption rate is low, however it increases rapidly when coal temperature reaches a critical temperature. The result is important for the prevention and treatment of spontaneous combustion of coal.     

羊场湾大采高易自燃工作面CO分布规律研究

为探明羊场湾160205工作面上隅角CO体积分数超限明显的原因,沿工作面倾向和走向布置测点,测试早中晚三班开始前的CO体积分数,并在采空区布置束管,对不同位置气体进行取样分析,得出160205工作面CO体积分数分布.结合煤炭开采过程CO的主要来源与煤氧化产生CO的机理,分析得出羊场湾160205工作面CO主要来源.结果...     

煤低温恒温氧化过程反应特性的试验研究

为进一步揭示煤低温氧化机理、指导煤矿安全开采过程中的煤自燃火灾防治工作,根据CO,CO2是煤低温氧化的主要气体产物这一反应特性,同时CO是判断煤自燃程度的重要指标性气体这一工程实际,采用恒温试验方法研究某烟煤在30℃,50℃和70℃解吸附和解吸附后再氧化过程中的CO,CO2气体产物的产生特性。研究结果表明,新鲜煤中就存大量活泼的络合物,并且这种络合物在高于常温的情况下就可以自身发生分解,产生的主要气体产物为CO2,在较高的温度下,CO的生成量才逐渐增加;在煤的低温氧化阶段,煤与氧气发生的化学反应并不强烈,气体产物CO和CO2主要由络合物分解产生。因此,在煤自燃火灾防治时要及时控制煤在低温情况下,由于络合物分解放热而使煤温逐渐升高从而导致自燃发生。     

不同自燃倾向性煤的指标气体产生规律实验研究

为研究不同自燃倾向性煤的自燃指标气体变化规律，提高对煤早期自燃预测预报的准确度，采用程序升温实验系统，得到内蒙古褐煤、神东长焰煤、河南气煤及枣庄焦煤4种不同变质程度煤的氧化时间随温度的变化关系，以及指标气体浓度在煤氧化过程中的变化规律。结果表明:自燃倾向性最高的褐煤应以CO和乙烯作为煤自燃早期预报的首选指标气体；易自燃的长焰煤应采用乙烯和烯烷比为主、以CO为辅的煤自燃判定指标；自燃倾向性较低的气煤应以乙烯和烯烷比作为煤自燃预报指标；CO是自燃倾向性最低的焦煤的最佳自燃预报指标气体。     

Evaluation of the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal of different metamorphic degrees based on a temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system

Research on the micro- and macrocharacteristics of different metamorphic degrees of coal helps improve the control and protection techniques used during spontaneous combustion. Nine coals with different properties were thoroughly investigated in this study. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a self-designed temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system were adopted to analyze the molecular structure and macrocharacteristic parameters of the spontaneous combustion of coal. Additionally, the influence of particle size on spontaneous combustion was considered. Various functional groups were employed as microcharacteristic parameters to capture the principal active groups in oxidation. The gas production rate, oxygen consumption rate, gas concentration, heat energy release rate, and characteristic temperatures were evaluated as macrocharacteristic parameters to investigate the changes in coal during oxidation. The results establish that the microcharacteristics of coal molecules determine the degree of spontaneous combustion based on intrinsic properties and that changes in the macrocharacteristics of the spontaneous combustion of coal reflect the microstructural changes. The contents of the hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, alkyl ether and aryl ether in the coal molecules gradually decrease with the metamorphic increase. Oxygen-containing functional groups have higher reactivities and easily react with oxygen, causing the macroparameters, such as the oxygen consumption rate, the gas generation rate and the heat energy release rate, to consistently decrease with the increase of the metamorphic degree. Small-particle-size coal molecules have more active aliphatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing functional groups and a larger specific surface area, increasing the chances of adsorbing the oxygen of active groups and promoting the reaction between coal and oxygen. The experimental results indicate that coal samples with higher metamorphic degrees or larger sizes exhibit lower tendencies toward spontaneous combustion. Evaluation of the spontaneous combustion of coal based on a temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system is of great practical importance for preventing the spontaneous combustion of coal during storage, processing and utilization and can serve as a convenient reference for production safety in mining applications.