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生物垃圾高温空气气化处理的低污染特性分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
本文介绍了高温空气气化城市生活垃圾的工作原理及过程,分析了城市生活垃圾高温气化反应机理。通过对高温空气/蒸汽发生器、高温气化炉及湿式除尘器等关键部件的分析发现,采用高温空气气化系统可实现城市生活垃圾低污染处理。 相似文献
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下吸式气化炉处理城市生活垃圾 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
下吸式气化炉具有原料适应性好,燃气中焦油含量少的特点。使用下吸式气化炉对广州城市生活垃圾进行了空气气化实验,并对燃气成分、焦油含量和灰渣重金属含量进行了分析。分析结果表明:燃气气体热值可达4600kJ/m^3,燃气焦油含量为2.0g/m^3。另外,对灰渣中的金属成分也进行了分析。试验结果表明:下吸式气化炉是处理复杂城市生活垃圾的一种有效手段。 相似文献
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生活垃圾安全无害化处理是目前迫切需要解决的问题,直接气化熔融焚烧垃圾技术以降低二恶英排放方面巨大优势得到广泛关注,在此基础上提出纯氧熔融焚烧垃圾技术,几乎可以实现所有二次污染物近零排放。以350 t/d回转窑垃圾焚烧炉为例,对纯氧代替空气应用在回转窑上熔融焚烧垃圾系统进行了详细热力计算及分析。结果表明,纯氧熔融焚烧垃圾系统的锅炉效率可达90.56%,回转窑熔融焚烧系统还可以在垃圾焚烧后灰渣达到熔融温度的条件下,保持该系统热量平衡,稳定燃烧。并参考回转窑设计标准对该纯氧熔融焚烧城市生活垃圾的回转窑参数进行确定。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2016,(10)
利用下吸式分段催化固定床反应器对生活垃圾衍生燃料进行了气化实验。研究了气化温度、当量空气系数、气化介质和催化剂对气化产物的影响。结果表明,生活垃圾衍生燃料以塑料、纸类和厨余组分为主,热值在10 MJ·kg~(-1)以上,适合直接气化。随着气化温度升高,气化气中H_2和CO的含量、产气率、气化气热值、碳转化率和冷煤气效率升高,而焦油和CO_2含量明显降低;随着当量空气系数升高,CO_2含量、产气率和碳转化率升高,而焦油含量和气化气热值降低,在当量空气系数为0.33时冷煤气效率最高;当采用富氧空气作为气化介质时,N_2对于气化气的稀释作用减弱;添加催化剂能有效减少气化气中焦油的含量,提高H_2和CO的含量。采用下吸式分段催化气化,能有效提高气化气品质和冷煤气效率。 相似文献
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利用废弃物衍生燃料的热化学处理法制富含氢气合成气 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了探讨利用热化学方式从城市垃圾中制取富含氢气合成气过程的要素影响,解析氢气发生特性及其与主要影响要素之间的关系。在分析了城市生活垃圾组分特性的基础上,将其加工成组分均一的废弃物衍生燃料(refuse de-rived fuel,RDF),并在700、800和900℃等3个温度条件下,分别开展了RDF的热解、气化及水蒸汽气化等实验。研究表明,RDF的加工不但可有效降低垃圾含水率,还可将垃圾热值提高近1倍。温度和添加水蒸汽是从RDF中制取富含氢气合成气过程中的关键影响要素。其中,温度对氢气生成起到至关重要的决定作用,温度的提高对促进H2浓度的提高有利,同时,在气化过程中添加水蒸汽,可有效促进CO和H2等有价气体组分生成。在900℃的高温水蒸汽气化处理过程中,可获得H2浓度最高为34.13%的合成气。另外,800℃热解过程所产生的合成气热值最高,达到14 509 kJ/Nm3。 相似文献
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《环境污染与防治》2016,(4)
以福建某地区上吸式固定床生活垃圾气化炉(简称气化炉)为对象,分析垃圾在不同气化段温度(T)、空气当量比(ER)和料层高径比(H/D)条件下气化气成分和气化效率的影响。利用气相色谱分析垃圾气化产气特性,并设计正交试验分析气化炉最高气化效率的条件。结果表明:升高气化段温度可提高垃圾气化效率,但有一定局限;ER0.36后,风量超过气化炉自平衡能力,气化效率会迅速下降;H/D在3.0时气化效果最好。对于处理量为50t/d的气化炉(Φ3.0m×16.0m),在T为750℃、ER为0.36、H/D为3.0时,气化效率最高(79.3%);各影响因素中,ER的影响最大,T影响次之,H/D影响最小。气化气含焦油量为9.2~22.5g/m3,碳转化率为74.5%~85.9%。 相似文献
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城市生活垃圾管理生命周期分析研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
概述了生命周期评价方法、内容及框架,并将其引入城市生活垃圾管理系统中,对城市生活垃圾管理进行了生命周期可行性分析,提出了开展城市生活垃圾生命周期管理的具体实施措施。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2016,(6)
针对一种新型两段式生活垃圾分区气化燃烧装置,提出了基于分区气化模型的垃圾热转化过程数值模拟方法。该方法耦合化学反应动力学和流体动力学软件预测移动床层垃圾的气化以及炉内气相空间的燃烧过程。通过对组分及热值差异较大的2种生活垃圾在炉内的反应过程进行模拟,得到了炉内的气相组分、温度及流场的分布。结果表明,该方法能够很好地适用于复杂组分的垃圾热转化过程模拟研究。高水分、低热值的生活垃圾气化后再燃炉膛出口温度处于973~1 073 K,不利于二恶英的生成控制。前拱二次风的增加不仅加强了炉内的湍流扰动,而且加强了炉内主反应区的温度。经过对流场和温度场进行优化,烟气的停留时间延长,炉膛出口烟气中的可燃气体组分大大降低,而且NO的浓度降低了近一个数量级。 相似文献
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Ohta M Oshima S Iwasa T Osawa N Kumatoriya K Yamazaki A Takasuga T Matsushita M Umedzu N 《Chemosphere》2001,44(6):1389-1394
In laboratory-scale combustion of polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) with a quartz tubular furnace designed and fabricated to provide the desired combustion temperature and mixing state of combustion gas with air, it was found that at 800 degrees C or higher the level of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans [corrected] (PCDDs/PCDFs) resulting from PVDC combustion was no higher than that from heating air alone, and thus far below the levels which resulted from PVDC combustion at 750 degrees C or lower. The results provide the first laboratory confirmation of the relation between PVDC incineration temperature and PCDD/PCDF formation, and of the primary importance of high temperature, turbulence for mixing between air and combustion gas, and sufficient residence time, as governing factors for the minimization of PCDD/PCDF formation in municipal solid waste incinerators. 相似文献
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Joseph R. Visalli 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1451-1463
Dioxin, furan and combustion gas data from test programs conducted at the Pitts field, Prince Edward Island, and Peekskill municipal solid waste incinerators were compared to identify similar and discrepant results. Dioxin and furan concentrations sampled upstream of air pollution control devices are related to a variety of combustion gas variables monitored in the high temperature zones of the incinerators. The effects of temperature, excess oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrochloric acid gas, flue gas moisture, particulate loading and refuse moisture and PVC content are discussed. Conclusions are made and future research needs are discussed. 相似文献
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根据目前我国城市生活垃圾热值偏低的实际情况 ,提出以煤为辅助燃料 ,采用循环流化床焚烧技术处理生活垃圾 ,可大幅度降低运行成本 ,符合国情。阐述了循环流化床焚烧技术在降低NOx、SO2 和二噁等方面的优越性。尾气处理建议采用喷活性碳 +布袋除尘组合工艺 ,飞灰处理建议采用高温熔融处理 相似文献
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Theodore G. Brna James D. Kilgroe 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):1324-1330
On December 20, 1989, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed revised new source performance standards for new municipal waste combustion (MWC) units and guidelines for existing sources. The proposed national regulations require tighter particulate matter control and address pre-combustion, combustion, and post-combustion controls, the latter two depending on capacity and age of the facility. The air pollutants of concern when municipal solid waste (MSW) is burned will be discussed. Generally, particulate control is an inherent part of the systems used to limit the emissions of these air pollutants. The relationships between MWC air emissions (acid gases, trace organics, and trace heavy metals) control and particulate control will be discussed. Test results to quantify air pollutant emissions from MWC units and their control will be presented and compared with the proposed regulations. 相似文献
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L. J. Brasser 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1364-1367
In The Netherlands, a small and densely populated country, the disposal of solid waste requires strict precautions. Because the landscape is flat and the watertable just under groundlevel, landfilling and dumping must be avoided as much as possible. Incineration of municipal and industrial waste are presently under consideration. But even when excellent flue gas cleaning systems are used, air pollution can present a problem, for instance, by dioxines produced during the process. For these reasons the government has published a waste disposal policy plan in which recycling, composting and prevention of waste production play a major role. Eventually about one third of the solid waste production will be incinerated or dumped. No solid waste will be exported. 相似文献
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Volatile organic compounds produced during the aerobic biological processing of municipal solid waste in a pilot plant 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Pierucci P Porazzi E Martinez MP Adani F Carati C Rubino FM Colombi A Calcaterra E Benfenati E 《Chemosphere》2005,59(3):423-430
The volatile organic carbon (VOC) and odours emitted during the aerobic biological processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied in a pilot-scale reactor. VOCs were detected by different techniques on solid waste samples and the outlet air stream, before and after a biofilter. Organic compounds (alpha-pinene, beta-myrcene, D-limonene) were also measured in condensate water and leachate from the process. Results showed uniformity in the composition of the air in the solid waste samples, air sampled during the process and condensed water, indicating a matrix-derived origin of these compounds. Leachates, however, contained substances with a quite different molecular structure from the compounds identified in the gaseous fraction. Most of the substances in the gaseous effluent had a hydrocarbon-like structure, mainly terpenoids. The odour produced and detected through olfactometry agreed with GC-MS analyses. This was true above all for terpenes. 相似文献
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本文以大量翔实的数据介绍了香港对城市固体废物的系统管理,即分类、收集、监测分析、处理和预测评价。香港环保署自80 年代开始对城市固体废物进行监测并系统管理。在全港设置了3 个大型策略性填埋场、5 个垃圾转运站、1 个垃圾焚烧厂(1997 年5 月关闭) 和1个化学废物处理中心。目前,香港政府正筹建一个新的、技术先进的焚烧厂。从1986 ~1997年,这些废物处理设施处理全港废物量为8960 ~24300t/d,其中城市固体废物比例每年不等,最低为30 .7 % ,最高为65 .5 % 。1997 年,这些废物中可循环再利用物接近50 % ,出口部分达120 多万吨,回收资金20 多亿港元。根据历年来城市固体废物量与本地生产总值(GDP)和人口数量的密切相关性,预测出2011 年城市固体废物人均产率为2 .56kg/ 人·d, 城市固体废物量为12810 t/d。城市固体废物系统管理紧迫而重要,香港的经验是值得我们借鉴的。 相似文献