共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 138 毫秒
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地震灾后恢复重建的后评价研究是将后评价理论与地震灾后恢复重建相结合的研究。在各国灾后重建经验基础上,提出灾后重建后评价的框架体系。该框架包括工程项目后评价、经济效益后评价、社会效果后评价、生态环境可持续性后评价、人文建设后评价和应急能力后评价等6个方面,这6个方面相互关联且涉及的评价内容错综复杂,因此利用解释结构模型对其进行定量结构分析,并加以定性的描述。研究结果表明,震灾重建要以人为本,以生态环境可持续发展为长远目标,通过对工程项目投资拉动灾区经济的增长,重建效果直接表现为社会和谐和应急能力加强。 相似文献
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积极开展重大自然灾害灾后重建区旅游项目评价对提升灾后重建管理水平具有重要意义。该研究通过对汶川地震重灾区绵阳市灾后恢复重建旅游项目开展评价,结合“重建得更好”理念提出灾害多发地区旅游业韧性发展路径。研究发现:(1)结合灾区实际和数据局限性,灾区恢复重建项目后评价可依据恢复重建项目完工情况与投资完成情况来综合确定。评价得出绵阳市城乡建设项目实施情况评价等级为良好,其中历史文化遗产与风景名胜区项目恢复重建实施情况相对较差;(2)汶川地震灾后恢复重建中通过制定政策保障,提升配套服务功能,创新营销模式等途径振兴旅游产业,但由于特色旅游资源多处于复杂地质环境区域、灾后救援资源局限以及次生灾害影响促使恢复重建的效果降低。(3)结合“重建得更好”理念提出从旅游规划、结构韧性、防灾减灾、经济与生计、社会与心理、体制机制、法律规章、监测评估八个方面构建旅游业韧性发展路径。为实现灾害多发地区旅游产业的可持续发展,需要分析不同产业间的内在联系,以便通过旅游产业的发展振兴带动灾区社会经济的改善,提升灾后重建的整体质量。 相似文献
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基于ARIO模型的汶川地震灾后恢复重建期模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于区域投入产出模型(ARIO),以一个月为时间步长,模拟了汶川地震后四川省各部门产出和需求随重建进程的变化过程。模拟结果表明:汶川地震的完全恢复重建大致需要近9年的时间,灾后36个月时,四川省的当地总产出能力将超过灾前水平。在重建模拟的基础上,评估了灾后实施不同风险管理策略的潜在效益,若最大生产能力在灾后3个月内能够加速达到灾前的150%,则与无加速重建相比,恢复重建期至少可以缩短3年半,证明了灾后加大人力和物力投入对于缩短恢复重建期的作用。提出的重建期模拟方法可以为缩短重建期、合理分配抗灾救灾资源的灾害管理提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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自然灾害经济恢复力研究已成为优化灾害综合风险管理与提高防灾减灾能力的重要途径,经济恢复力如何衡量以及灾后重建资金对经济恢复力的影响如何值得研究,而基于经济学机理的间接经济损失评估模型,为构建灾后重建资金、效率与灾后经济恢复力变化间的定量关系的模拟提供了新的方法。因此,以武汉市2016年7月6日期间大暴雨洪涝灾害为例,利用自然灾害间接经济损失动态评估模型,模拟重建资金与效率变化下暴雨洪涝灾害对武汉市造成的间接经济损失以及经济恢复到灾前所需的时间,进而定量评估其对承灾体经济恢复力与灾后恢复期的影响。结果显示:(1)灾后重建资金每提高100亿,武汉市灾后经济恢复力提高近三分之一,灾后恢复期缩短12%;(2)重建效率每提高约1/3,武汉市灾后经济恢复力提高略高于五分之一,灾后恢复期缩短11%;(3)两者同时提高则使其经济恢复力平均提高达四分之三,灾后恢复期缩短五分之一。研究结果能从灾后重建的资金与效率两方面出发,强调对承灾体经济恢复力的影响,并为政府灾后重建分配方案的制定提供定量化的依据。 相似文献
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灾后重建是在灾害体发生之时及发生之后,采取应急救援、灾害管理,以及灾后评估、救助、规划等一系列过程,是一个典型的系统工程,可划分为前期应急重建、中期恢复重建及后期发展重建3部分。以自然灾害为主要研究对象,在分析中外关于灾后重建文献的基础之上,归纳了灾后重建的系统特征,介绍了灾后重建技术和实践的研究进展。灾后重建技术包括灾害分类分级、应急救援、灾后评估、灾害管理和重建规划5个方面,灾后重建实践研究分为地震、飓风、洪水和海啸4个方面,并对中外的灾后重建研究发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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《灾害学》2020,(1)
传统系统在进行火灾后损毁建筑空间结构虚拟重建时,未进行虚拟受力模拟,重建效果不佳,并行处理效果差。为此,该文结合三维扫描技术,构建灾后建筑空间的草图,设计出一个性能更佳的系统完成火灾后建筑空间结构虚拟重建。三维激光扫描仪直接连接计算机实现对灾后损毁建筑数据采集,提高数据是准确性;对系统软件功能架构进行设计,通过单片测图功能进行灾后建筑空间草图生成,根据坐标转换对灾后建筑的三维模型重建,实现火灾后建筑空间结构虚拟重建系统的设计。为验证系统性能,设计对比实验。实验结果表明,所设计的系统建筑重建时间短,运行速率块,仅为传统系统处理时间的十四分之一,具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
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韧性理论引入灾害风险管理领域,为世界防灾减灾实践提供了新理念,并在国内外韧性城市社区建设中得到广泛应用,但针对乡村地区,尤其是高脆弱性的贫困村韧性社区建设的研究还较为鲜见。该文以韧性理论为基础,结合乡村振兴战略规划,通过对贫困村社会生态系统特征的分析,探讨了新时期我国贫困村灾后恢复重建与灾害风险管理发展方向及特点。研究发现:贫困村不仅产业经济落后,而且还具有自然环境复杂、基础设建设滞后、社会公益设施匮乏、教育水平较低、自然灾害频发等特点。这类灾害多发区与贫困人口聚集区在空间上的叠加,成为我国社会生态系统高脆弱性地区,面临着严峻的防灾减灾与扶贫开发的双重挑战;基于韧性理论视角,通过构建贫困村适灾韧性系统,开展贫困村社区韧性综合评价,调整贫困村灾后恢复重建规划编制理念等,以推动贫困村灾后恢复重建的转型;在此基础上,结合贫困村社会生态系统特点,以建立健全贫困村灾害风险管理机制、探究提升贫困村适灾韧性社区建设的新途径、协同灾害管理与乡村振兴发展目标、开展灾区恢复重建动态监测与后效评价等政策举措为抓手,深化贫困村灾害风险管理实践,提升贫困地区可持续发展能力。 相似文献
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Post-disaster housing reconstruction and social inequality: a challenge to policy and practice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Oliver-Smith A 《Disasters》1990,14(1):7-19
In post-disaster reconstruction the social aspects of housing provision are important for the success of both emergency shelters and permanent housing, particularly in settlements that have been permanently relocated or entirety rebuilt. The social dimensions of housing reconstruction after disaster are discussed in the context of the long-term effects of reconstruction after the Yungay, Peru Earthquake-Avalanche of 1970. Consideration of these issues presents questions regarding the tension between continuity and change in affected populations, the importance of pre-disaster socio-economic patterns for reconstruction and the criteria used for assessing the success of post-disaster reconstruction and development projects. The author contends that post-disaster housing reconstruction must avoid rebuilding structures which reflect, sustain and reproduce patterns of inequality and exploitation. 相似文献
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While multi-stakeholder collaboration is critical for effective community post-disaster reconstruction (CPDR), it is often very difficult in practice. The Longmen Shan Fault active seismic zone in China has experienced several recent earthquakes with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and 2013 Lushan earthquake, both of which caused extensive and widespread damage to many communities, presenting unprecedented challenges for post-disaster reconstruction. This paper develops a multi-cycle field research method that involves three interconnected cycles: internet research, field visits, and extensive surveys: to examine multi-stakeholder collaboration for the CPDR following the Wenchuan earthquake. It was found that there were 12 types of active stakeholders engaged across four main areas: infrastructure rebuilding, psychological recovery, socio-economic rehabilitation, and ecological restoration. Specifically, local community participation and effective collaboration between the community and the external stakeholders were found to be the most crucial elements for successful reconstruction. Multi-stage field research after the Lushan earthquake verified that CPDR was effective and that multi-stakeholder collaboration had improved from the lessons learnt from the Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction experience. Some advantages and limitations of this research are also given. 相似文献
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Post-disaster recovery requires co-production; that is, the inputs of citizens are essential for successful community recovery to occur. Citizens contribute to post-disaster recovery by volunteering, taking on consultative and decision-making roles within their communities, and directly participating in post-disaster reconstruction efforts. Without meaning ful contributions from citizens—the intended beneficiaries—unilateral efforts by public officials and authorities will inevitably fail. This study shows that social entrepreneurs can thus play a critical role in spurring post-disaster recovery by facilitating co-production. It focuses on the role of social entrepreneurs after disasters and centres on one rural village, Giranchaur Namuna Basti in the Sindhupalchowk District of Nepal. Specifically, the study uses the case of the Dhurmus Suntali Foundation's Namuna village project in Giranchaur following the 7.8-magnitude earthquake that struck on 25 April 2015 to examine the pivotal role that social entrepreneurs assume in promoting voluntary activities, community engagement, and participation in post-disaster recovery efforts. 相似文献
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A lack of resources for post-disaster housing reconstruction significantly limits the prospects for successful recovery. Following the earthquake in Wenchuan, China, in May 2008, housing reconstruction was not immune to resource shortages and price inflation. Difficulties in sourcing materials and labour considerably impeded recovery. This paper provides evidence of the resourcing bottlenecks inherent in the post-Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction process. Its aim is to present an integrated planning framework for managing resources for post-disaster housing rebuilding. The results are drawn from in-field surveys that highlight the areas where stakeholders need to concentrate effort, including revising legislation and policy, enhancing capacity for rebuilding in the construction industry, strengthening the transportation network, restructuring market mechanisms, and incorporating environmental considerations into overall planning. Although the case study presented here is country-specific, it is hoped that the findings provide a basis for future research to identify resourcing constraints and solutions in other disaster contexts. 相似文献
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通过对灾后重建规划的反思,强调坚持安全第一的灾后重建选址原则,强化灾害评估机制的程序,提倡坚持科学发展观,树立与自然和谐共生的规划理念;针对我国人地矛盾突出的特点,提出了城镇发展要规模适度及实施迁村并点的具体措施等预防和减轻灾害的规划途径;并提出了建设高效的应急体系,以应对超标准自然灾害的建议。 相似文献
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城镇灾害的多样性、频繁发生与其造成的各种损失和破坏的严重化趋势,已经对城镇经济社会发展构成重大威胁。城镇应对灾害的预测、防御、救助及灾后恢复的综合能力,直接决定了城镇可持续发展的基础和能力。建立了基于城镇社会、经济和环境属性功能的城镇综合承灾能力评价指标体系,运用可变模糊聚类方法,通过指标权重、相对隶属度与聚类中心之间的动态迭代,得到了更为合理的样本城镇的防灾、抗灾、救灾和灾后恢复能力相对比较结果。与已有研究相比,可变模糊聚类在综合评价问题上的数据处理和分析能力更客观和多样化。 相似文献